This document discusses flood risk assessment and management. It begins by providing statistics on flood risk globally and in Europe and Italy to demonstrate the significant impacts of flooding. It then defines flooding and different types of floods. The key concepts of risk, hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are introduced. Methods for assessing flood risk are described, including quantifying direct, indirect, and intangible damages through approaches like depth-damage curves, percentages of direct damages, and field surveys. Challenges in assessing indirect and intangible damages are also outlined. The document provides an example of applying these concepts to assess risk in the Valmalenco region of Italy.
This presentations explains the main definitions related to flood risk management. and how to assess the Vulnerability of the society towards flood dangers. and flood risk analysis process. and gives some examples of flood risk assessment applications.
Flood risk mapping using GIS and remote sensingRohan Tuteja
This document presents a study on flood risk mapping in the Kalyan-Dombivli area of India using GIS techniques. It outlines the scope of the study, aim and objectives which are to identify low-lying areas and analyze flood risk factors. The methodology includes generating GIS data like land use/cover maps from remote sensing data and field surveys. Flood risk is assessed based on physical, demographic, and socioeconomic vulnerability indicators as well as hazard indicators like rainfall. The results found increased risk areas due to changes in land use/cover, improper drainage networks, and population growth. Recommendations include mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and using remote sensing for database management.
The damaging effect of most common natural disaster flood can be minimized through the area risk assessment with the help of GIS technology and Remote Sensing techniques. With the help of Prayagraj district map and corresponding satellite images, some flood causing criteria raster layer, flood risk map can be obtained by multi-criteria evaluation approach AHP.
This document summarizes Hemalie Kalpalatha Nandalal's PhD dissertation defence presentation on incorporating stakeholder participation and climatic variability into flood risk management. The presentation covered: introducing flood risk management issues; the objective to find non-structural flood risk reduction measures considering climate change and stakeholders; studying the Kalu-Ganga river basin in Sri Lanka using data, models, and field surveys; assessing flood hazard and risk both crisply and fuzzily; and formulating a decision support system.
This document discusses flood mapping and summarizes the key inputs and processes. It notes that more accurate flood maps are needed and describes using precipitation data, rainfall-runoff models, hydraulic models, and terrain data to create flood maps. Issues with importing data and a lack of ArcGIS 10 support are mentioned. Future work on real-time flood mapping by interpolating water surface elevations from stage data is also discussed.
The document provides an outline for a presentation on the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model. It begins with an introduction to hydrological modeling and the development and utilities of the SWAT model. It describes the data requirements, model framework, and step-by-step procedure to run the model. A case study applying the SWAT model to the Simly Dam watershed in Pakistan is summarized. The limitations and future developments of the SWAT model are briefly discussed, followed by references.
APPLICATIONS OF ARC SWAT MODEL FOR HYDROLOGICAL MODELLINGAbhiram Kanigolla
SWAT is a watershed-scale model used to predict the impacts of management on water resources. It divides watersheds into subwatersheds and hydrologic response units. Model setup involves watershed delineation, HRU definition, weather data input, editing SWAT inputs, and running the model. Several case studies demonstrate applications of SWAT for developing inflow-outflow models, estimating water resources, managing check dams, quantifying land use change impacts, and modeling best management practices.
This presentations explains the main definitions related to flood risk management. and how to assess the Vulnerability of the society towards flood dangers. and flood risk analysis process. and gives some examples of flood risk assessment applications.
Flood risk mapping using GIS and remote sensingRohan Tuteja
This document presents a study on flood risk mapping in the Kalyan-Dombivli area of India using GIS techniques. It outlines the scope of the study, aim and objectives which are to identify low-lying areas and analyze flood risk factors. The methodology includes generating GIS data like land use/cover maps from remote sensing data and field surveys. Flood risk is assessed based on physical, demographic, and socioeconomic vulnerability indicators as well as hazard indicators like rainfall. The results found increased risk areas due to changes in land use/cover, improper drainage networks, and population growth. Recommendations include mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and using remote sensing for database management.
The damaging effect of most common natural disaster flood can be minimized through the area risk assessment with the help of GIS technology and Remote Sensing techniques. With the help of Prayagraj district map and corresponding satellite images, some flood causing criteria raster layer, flood risk map can be obtained by multi-criteria evaluation approach AHP.
This document summarizes Hemalie Kalpalatha Nandalal's PhD dissertation defence presentation on incorporating stakeholder participation and climatic variability into flood risk management. The presentation covered: introducing flood risk management issues; the objective to find non-structural flood risk reduction measures considering climate change and stakeholders; studying the Kalu-Ganga river basin in Sri Lanka using data, models, and field surveys; assessing flood hazard and risk both crisply and fuzzily; and formulating a decision support system.
This document discusses flood mapping and summarizes the key inputs and processes. It notes that more accurate flood maps are needed and describes using precipitation data, rainfall-runoff models, hydraulic models, and terrain data to create flood maps. Issues with importing data and a lack of ArcGIS 10 support are mentioned. Future work on real-time flood mapping by interpolating water surface elevations from stage data is also discussed.
The document provides an outline for a presentation on the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model. It begins with an introduction to hydrological modeling and the development and utilities of the SWAT model. It describes the data requirements, model framework, and step-by-step procedure to run the model. A case study applying the SWAT model to the Simly Dam watershed in Pakistan is summarized. The limitations and future developments of the SWAT model are briefly discussed, followed by references.
APPLICATIONS OF ARC SWAT MODEL FOR HYDROLOGICAL MODELLINGAbhiram Kanigolla
SWAT is a watershed-scale model used to predict the impacts of management on water resources. It divides watersheds into subwatersheds and hydrologic response units. Model setup involves watershed delineation, HRU definition, weather data input, editing SWAT inputs, and running the model. Several case studies demonstrate applications of SWAT for developing inflow-outflow models, estimating water resources, managing check dams, quantifying land use change impacts, and modeling best management practices.
Flooding can be caused by both physical and human factors. Heavy rainfall, snowmelt, steep drainage basins, and coastal influences can increase flooding risk naturally. Human activities like urbanization, deforestation, and improper infrastructure development exacerbate flooding through reduced infiltration and faster runoff. Flooding can have severe social and economic impacts through property damage, transportation disruptions, and health issues, but may also provide benefits like fertile soils under some circumstances. Risk analysis aims to estimate the probability and potential impacts of flood events.
This document discusses precipitation and methods of measuring precipitation. It defines precipitation as moisture falling from the atmosphere in any form. The key forms of precipitation are liquid (rain, drizzle) and frozen (snow, hail, sleet). Precipitation is measured using various devices like rain gauges and satellites. Rain gauges include non-recording and recording types like tipping bucket gauges. Methods to calculate average precipitation over an area include arithmetic averages, Thiessen polygons, and isohyetal mapping. Factors influencing precipitation amounts are also examined.
This document discusses applications of remote sensing and modeling for flood risk analysis and irrigation water management. It identifies global flood hotspots, particularly in Asia, and quantifies associated economic and human losses. Products including 8-day flood inundation maps of South Asia at 500m resolution from 2000-2011 are presented. Successful operational flood mapping and forecasting systems developed for the Gash Delta region of Sudan using MODIS and Landsat imagery, biomass modeling, and HEC modeling tools like HMS and RAS are summarized. The systems provide weekly flood maps and crop/irrigation performance updates to help farmers manage land and water resources.
This document provides an introduction to flood frequency analysis, which uses historical flood data to estimate the probability and recurrence intervals of future floods of given magnitudes. It discusses how flood frequency analysis is necessary for cost-effective design of bridges, dams, and other structures, as well as flood insurance and zoning. Two common methods for collecting flood data are described: annual peaks and partial duration series. Statistical approaches like the Weibull formula are commonly used to analyze the data and construct flood frequency curves showing the relationship between discharge magnitude and probability or recurrence interval.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
The document discusses hydrographs, which record river discharge over time and show how rivers respond to rainstorms. It defines hydrographs as measuring river discharge through cross-sectional area times mean velocity. There are different types of hydrographs like storm, flood, and annual hydrographs. Analyzing hydrographs helps predict flooding events by finding discharge patterns of drainage basins, which can influence flood prevention measures.
This document provides an introduction to flood modeling. It discusses the different types of floods including river/fluvial floods caused by excessive rainfall, pluvial/surface floods from heavy urban rainfall, and coastal floods from extreme tidal conditions. It also describes how flood risk analysis uses modeling to support insurance schemes, simulate historical flood patterns, define risk zones and critical rainfall thresholds. The document outlines principal modeling approaches including hydrological models of water movement, hydraulic models of river/canal flow, and hydrodynamic models that simulate river flow in 2D or 3D. It discusses using decision support systems to manage data and models for planning and real-time applications like flood forecasting and early warning systems. Finally, it notes challenges like obtaining
Flood Mapping via HEC-RAS Model and ArcGISLengthong KIM
This research was taken place along the lower Mekong river reach part in Cambodia. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the HEC-RAS performance whether it eligible for Cambodia flood studies or not.
Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater ResourcesC. P. Kumar
This document summarizes the impact of climate change on groundwater resources. It discusses how climate change can affect factors like precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration, which then impact groundwater recharge and levels. Higher temperatures and variability in rainfall from climate change could mean more fluctuations in groundwater levels and potential saline intrusion in coastal aquifers. Quantifying the full impact on groundwater requires downscaling climate models and coupling them with hydrological models to estimate changes in groundwater recharge over time. Key concerns are potential decreases in groundwater supplies and quality issues, as groundwater serves as a major global source of potable water.
Hydraulic geometry describes how a river's characteristics change with discharge both at a single cross section (at-a-station) and longitudinally along the channel (downstream). Key characteristics measured include depth, width, velocity, suspended sediment load, and slope. These parameters can be expressed as power functions of discharge and often follow similar patterns between rivers despite different settings. Hydraulic geometry was introduced by Leopold and Maddock to quantify these variations in channel geometry with flow.
This document provides an overview of flooding in Bangladesh. It discusses the major river systems in Bangladesh and defines different types of floods. It then summarizes the causes of flooding in Bangladesh, which include its low topography, high monsoon flows, siltation of rivers, and effects of tides. Impacts of flooding are extensive and include loss of lives, crops, infrastructure, and economic losses. Several major floods are described, including the devastating 1988 flood that affected over 60% of the country. In summary, Bangladesh's geographic features and location make it highly vulnerable to flooding.
The document discusses water balance analysis and provides an overview of key concepts related to the hydrologic cycle and water balance. It defines water balance as calculating total precipitation input and outputs for an area. The hydrologic cycle and water balance principles are then applied to discuss the unsaturated zone, including soil moisture storage, infiltration, and subsurface water flow. Key terms like field capacity, wilting point, and available soil moisture are explained in the context of the unsaturated zone water balance.
This document discusses various methods of flood management and alleviation. It begins by defining floods and describing the major causes of flooding such as heavy rainfall, topography of the catchment area, sedimentation, and obstructions in the river flow. It then categorizes the rivers of India into four regions - Brahmaputra, Ganga, North-West, and Central India Deccan - based on their flood characteristics. The document outlines both structural measures like storage reservoirs, embankments, channel improvement works, and diversion works as well as non-structural measures to control and reduce flood damage.
The document summarizes the causes and impacts of flooding in Bangladesh. It discusses both human and physical factors that contribute to floods, including deforestation, urbanization, and geography as the country is located in a huge delta with many rivers. Major floods in 1998 had devastating impacts, displacing many people and damaging homes and infrastructure. In response, the Bangladeshi government and other countries provided emergency relief while aid organizations addressed health and sanitation needs. Long-term solutions to better manage floods are still a challenge.
Surface Water modelling using Remote SensingArk Arjun
1) The document discusses remote sensing and runoff estimation using the SCS curve number method. Remote sensing involves obtaining information about objects through non-contact sensors.
2) Runoff estimation is the first step in water management. The SCS-CN method estimates runoff as a function of land use, soil type, and rainfall.
3) The study area's topographic maps, rainfall data, land use maps, and soil data were collected and used to classify land cover, model rainfall-runoff, and estimate runoff volume using the SCS-CN method.
Hydrologic Assessment in a Middle Narmada Basin, India using SWAT ModelSumant Diwakar
The document describes a study that used the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model to assess hydrologic processes in the middle Narmada River basin in India. Key inputs to the SWAT model included digital elevation data, land use/land cover maps, soil data, and weather data. The model was set up to simulate hydrologic response units based on land use, soil type, and slope. Model outputs included estimates of precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and streamflow over the study period. Results indicated that about 46% of annual precipitation was lost to evapotranspiration in the basin. The study provides a hydrologic assessment of the basin using remote sensing and geospatial data within the SWAT
Disaster management using Remote sensing and GISHarsh Singh
The document discusses the roles of remote sensing and GIS in disaster management. It provides definitions of disaster and disaster management. GIS and remote sensing help in all phases of disaster management including planning, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Specific examples are given of how they assist with cyclones, floods and droughts. A case study is summarized showing how GIS was used to generate maps to help manage flooding in a district in India.
2017 MAIREINFRA Conference, Seoul, South Korea, July 19-21.Waheed Uddin
Keynote Lecture, Waheed Uddin:
Disaster Resilience Management and Flood Hazard Assessment of Infrastructure Using Computational Modeling and Geospatial Risk Mapping
The document discusses various topics related to risk assessment and reduction. It notes that disaster losses have been increasing significantly in recent decades. Some key points made include: hazard x vulnerability = risk; risk is determined by the probability of an event and its consequences; vulnerability depends on factors like exposure, resilience, and coping capacity; and perceptions of risk can differ from actual measured risks.
Flooding can be caused by both physical and human factors. Heavy rainfall, snowmelt, steep drainage basins, and coastal influences can increase flooding risk naturally. Human activities like urbanization, deforestation, and improper infrastructure development exacerbate flooding through reduced infiltration and faster runoff. Flooding can have severe social and economic impacts through property damage, transportation disruptions, and health issues, but may also provide benefits like fertile soils under some circumstances. Risk analysis aims to estimate the probability and potential impacts of flood events.
This document discusses precipitation and methods of measuring precipitation. It defines precipitation as moisture falling from the atmosphere in any form. The key forms of precipitation are liquid (rain, drizzle) and frozen (snow, hail, sleet). Precipitation is measured using various devices like rain gauges and satellites. Rain gauges include non-recording and recording types like tipping bucket gauges. Methods to calculate average precipitation over an area include arithmetic averages, Thiessen polygons, and isohyetal mapping. Factors influencing precipitation amounts are also examined.
This document discusses applications of remote sensing and modeling for flood risk analysis and irrigation water management. It identifies global flood hotspots, particularly in Asia, and quantifies associated economic and human losses. Products including 8-day flood inundation maps of South Asia at 500m resolution from 2000-2011 are presented. Successful operational flood mapping and forecasting systems developed for the Gash Delta region of Sudan using MODIS and Landsat imagery, biomass modeling, and HEC modeling tools like HMS and RAS are summarized. The systems provide weekly flood maps and crop/irrigation performance updates to help farmers manage land and water resources.
This document provides an introduction to flood frequency analysis, which uses historical flood data to estimate the probability and recurrence intervals of future floods of given magnitudes. It discusses how flood frequency analysis is necessary for cost-effective design of bridges, dams, and other structures, as well as flood insurance and zoning. Two common methods for collecting flood data are described: annual peaks and partial duration series. Statistical approaches like the Weibull formula are commonly used to analyze the data and construct flood frequency curves showing the relationship between discharge magnitude and probability or recurrence interval.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
The document discusses hydrographs, which record river discharge over time and show how rivers respond to rainstorms. It defines hydrographs as measuring river discharge through cross-sectional area times mean velocity. There are different types of hydrographs like storm, flood, and annual hydrographs. Analyzing hydrographs helps predict flooding events by finding discharge patterns of drainage basins, which can influence flood prevention measures.
This document provides an introduction to flood modeling. It discusses the different types of floods including river/fluvial floods caused by excessive rainfall, pluvial/surface floods from heavy urban rainfall, and coastal floods from extreme tidal conditions. It also describes how flood risk analysis uses modeling to support insurance schemes, simulate historical flood patterns, define risk zones and critical rainfall thresholds. The document outlines principal modeling approaches including hydrological models of water movement, hydraulic models of river/canal flow, and hydrodynamic models that simulate river flow in 2D or 3D. It discusses using decision support systems to manage data and models for planning and real-time applications like flood forecasting and early warning systems. Finally, it notes challenges like obtaining
Flood Mapping via HEC-RAS Model and ArcGISLengthong KIM
This research was taken place along the lower Mekong river reach part in Cambodia. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the HEC-RAS performance whether it eligible for Cambodia flood studies or not.
Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater ResourcesC. P. Kumar
This document summarizes the impact of climate change on groundwater resources. It discusses how climate change can affect factors like precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration, which then impact groundwater recharge and levels. Higher temperatures and variability in rainfall from climate change could mean more fluctuations in groundwater levels and potential saline intrusion in coastal aquifers. Quantifying the full impact on groundwater requires downscaling climate models and coupling them with hydrological models to estimate changes in groundwater recharge over time. Key concerns are potential decreases in groundwater supplies and quality issues, as groundwater serves as a major global source of potable water.
Hydraulic geometry describes how a river's characteristics change with discharge both at a single cross section (at-a-station) and longitudinally along the channel (downstream). Key characteristics measured include depth, width, velocity, suspended sediment load, and slope. These parameters can be expressed as power functions of discharge and often follow similar patterns between rivers despite different settings. Hydraulic geometry was introduced by Leopold and Maddock to quantify these variations in channel geometry with flow.
This document provides an overview of flooding in Bangladesh. It discusses the major river systems in Bangladesh and defines different types of floods. It then summarizes the causes of flooding in Bangladesh, which include its low topography, high monsoon flows, siltation of rivers, and effects of tides. Impacts of flooding are extensive and include loss of lives, crops, infrastructure, and economic losses. Several major floods are described, including the devastating 1988 flood that affected over 60% of the country. In summary, Bangladesh's geographic features and location make it highly vulnerable to flooding.
The document discusses water balance analysis and provides an overview of key concepts related to the hydrologic cycle and water balance. It defines water balance as calculating total precipitation input and outputs for an area. The hydrologic cycle and water balance principles are then applied to discuss the unsaturated zone, including soil moisture storage, infiltration, and subsurface water flow. Key terms like field capacity, wilting point, and available soil moisture are explained in the context of the unsaturated zone water balance.
This document discusses various methods of flood management and alleviation. It begins by defining floods and describing the major causes of flooding such as heavy rainfall, topography of the catchment area, sedimentation, and obstructions in the river flow. It then categorizes the rivers of India into four regions - Brahmaputra, Ganga, North-West, and Central India Deccan - based on their flood characteristics. The document outlines both structural measures like storage reservoirs, embankments, channel improvement works, and diversion works as well as non-structural measures to control and reduce flood damage.
The document summarizes the causes and impacts of flooding in Bangladesh. It discusses both human and physical factors that contribute to floods, including deforestation, urbanization, and geography as the country is located in a huge delta with many rivers. Major floods in 1998 had devastating impacts, displacing many people and damaging homes and infrastructure. In response, the Bangladeshi government and other countries provided emergency relief while aid organizations addressed health and sanitation needs. Long-term solutions to better manage floods are still a challenge.
Surface Water modelling using Remote SensingArk Arjun
1) The document discusses remote sensing and runoff estimation using the SCS curve number method. Remote sensing involves obtaining information about objects through non-contact sensors.
2) Runoff estimation is the first step in water management. The SCS-CN method estimates runoff as a function of land use, soil type, and rainfall.
3) The study area's topographic maps, rainfall data, land use maps, and soil data were collected and used to classify land cover, model rainfall-runoff, and estimate runoff volume using the SCS-CN method.
Hydrologic Assessment in a Middle Narmada Basin, India using SWAT ModelSumant Diwakar
The document describes a study that used the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model to assess hydrologic processes in the middle Narmada River basin in India. Key inputs to the SWAT model included digital elevation data, land use/land cover maps, soil data, and weather data. The model was set up to simulate hydrologic response units based on land use, soil type, and slope. Model outputs included estimates of precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and streamflow over the study period. Results indicated that about 46% of annual precipitation was lost to evapotranspiration in the basin. The study provides a hydrologic assessment of the basin using remote sensing and geospatial data within the SWAT
Disaster management using Remote sensing and GISHarsh Singh
The document discusses the roles of remote sensing and GIS in disaster management. It provides definitions of disaster and disaster management. GIS and remote sensing help in all phases of disaster management including planning, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Specific examples are given of how they assist with cyclones, floods and droughts. A case study is summarized showing how GIS was used to generate maps to help manage flooding in a district in India.
2017 MAIREINFRA Conference, Seoul, South Korea, July 19-21.Waheed Uddin
Keynote Lecture, Waheed Uddin:
Disaster Resilience Management and Flood Hazard Assessment of Infrastructure Using Computational Modeling and Geospatial Risk Mapping
The document discusses various topics related to risk assessment and reduction. It notes that disaster losses have been increasing significantly in recent decades. Some key points made include: hazard x vulnerability = risk; risk is determined by the probability of an event and its consequences; vulnerability depends on factors like exposure, resilience, and coping capacity; and perceptions of risk can differ from actual measured risks.
Presentation made at the expert meeting organised jointly by the European Commission, the OECD and the project PLACARD, in Paris 26th -28th October 2016. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/risk/joint-expert-meeting-on-disaster-loss-data.htm
Reducing life threatening conditions during extreme flood events: Benefits fr...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
1) The document discusses implementing spillways to existing dykes to reduce flood risk from extreme events.
2) Modeling was conducted to analyze the hydrodynamic consequences and overall flood risk of different alternatives, including the existing scheme and adding a spillway.
3) Results showed that a spillway could reduce the number of people exposed to floods above the dyke's design level, but benefits decreased for larger floods over 1000 years. Combining a spillway with restricted development provided the most effective flood risk management.
Disaster losses have been increasing due to more frequent extreme weather events, population growth and urbanization, and overexploitation of natural resources. While better emergency response systems save lives and property, many losses can be avoided or reduced through policies and programs that address root causes and integrate mitigation, preparedness and response into development planning. The 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction emphasized moving from theory to concrete action in disaster risk reduction.
Lecture disasters in urban area - Master Degree Urban Engineering, Lille1 Un...Isam Shahrour
Lecture for the Master Degree « Urban Engineering and Habitat » concerning disasters in urban area. The lecture covers the causes of natural disasters as well as their impact on economy, citizens, buildings, infrastructures. It concerns also the management of disasters.
The document discusses disasters and their impacts. It defines a disaster as a sudden event that disrupts normal life and exceeds available resources. Disasters can be natural or man-made. The impacts of disasters include physical damage and injury as well as social and economic disruption. A disaster impact assessment evaluates development projects to identify risks and ways to reduce damages from potential disasters. It considers natural hazards like floods as well as technological hazards caused by infrastructure failures. The assessment aims to incorporate appropriate countermeasures into project design, construction, and management.
The document discusses disasters and their impacts. It defines a disaster as a sudden event that disrupts normal life and exceeds available resources. Disasters can be natural or man-made. The impacts of disasters include physical damage and injury as well as social and economic disruption. A disaster impact assessment evaluates development projects to identify risks and ways to reduce damages from potential disasters. It considers natural hazards like floods as well as technological hazards caused by infrastructure failures. The assessment aims to incorporate appropriate countermeasures into project design, construction, and management.
A methodology for assessing to what extent are resilient cities facing and ad...IRJET Journal
This document discusses risks faced by cities, including natural hazards, human hazards, and climate change risks. Natural hazards include earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, landslides, floods, sandstorms, desertification, hurricanes, and wildfires. Human risks result from environmental pollution like marine, air, and soil pollution. Climate change risks may lead to changes in temperature and precipitation that increase disasters. The research aims to develop a methodology to evaluate risks faced by cities and assess their level of resilience and sustainable development.
The document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Riyanti Djalante on urban disaster risk reduction. It provides an overview of her background and research interests, which include conceptual frameworks for hazards, risks, vulnerability and resilience. It then outlines key concepts related to disaster risk reduction and frameworks such as the Hyogo Framework and Sendai Framework. The presentation discusses how cities face increased disaster risks due to factors like population concentration, infrastructure development, and effects of climate change. It analyzes the risks cities face from hazards like flooding, earthquakes and storms. The presentation emphasizes the importance of understanding risk and implementing measures to strengthen urban resilience and disaster preparedness.
What has caused the return of the water hazard is unknwon- What is special is that unlikely events can create catastrophic losses and vulnerabilities with the poor segment of the communities. Issue is to differentiate direct causes and indirect causes of risk. So, one can focus on the real causes in order to prevent negative impacts of the risks, when it wil return a next time. In absence of data or statistical records, it is hardship to predict when the flood in mountain will be back. So, best is to prepare new options and scenario based on modelings. I has been said, it was God event and also people or the engieering works, urbanisms, pilgrims, aged techonologies. all these searches for risks sources are confudig with the risk impacts (direct or secundary). The real concern, according to me is people. Uttarakhand was a disaster made by men. Some, experts started to see the truth and root causes of the disaster- I believe, before the next occurence, they will take the opportunity to re-organize Uttarakhand urbanism and geography according to the numbers and sizes of the villages and municiplaities in relations with these debris and sediments zones aswell as carbages in link to the river channels and flows, so that when there is monsoon or heavy rais i Himalaya, river can expend in the river beds in the valley, which is quite a normal weahter phenomenum, but mainly if there is a municipality service to control the waste and the waste management services, to prevent waste and carbages accumulation, which could create artificial water reservoirs mountains. If no water drainage of the reservoirs is not made, the risk is like dam rupture, under the water elevation, the water pressures and tenses on the debris, garbages, sediments that are components of the reservoirs walls will reached a dangerous limit before the reservoir rupture. Then Uttarhakand gentle river flow can become a real monster.
Natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, and floods are discussed in the document. Earthquakes occur due to disequilibrium in the earth's crust and can cause severe damage to infrastructure and loss of life. Tsunamis are large waves generated by seismic activity or landslides that can devastate coastal areas. Cyclones are intense storms that form over oceans and bring powerful winds and rains. Floods occur when heavy rainfall or dam/embankment breaches cause rivers to overflow their banks. The document outlines the types and effects of these natural disasters.
This document discusses disaster risk management and modeling. It describes the need for mainstreaming pre-hazard risk management due to increasing losses from natural disasters. It then outlines a hazard risk management framework including risk assessment, mitigation investments, emergency preparedness, and institutional capacity building. Examples are provided of vulnerability mapping and modeling projects conducted in India and Romania to estimate disaster losses. A case study describes developing a disaster risk profile for Maldives using hazard and vulnerability assessments to create risk maps and inform development planning.
The document provides an overview of disaster readiness and risk reduction. It defines key concepts like disaster, disaster risk, natural disasters, and man-made disasters. Disasters are sudden events that cause harm to life and property and exceed a community's ability to cope. They are categorized into natural disasters, caused by natural hazards like earthquakes and floods, and man-made disasters, caused by human actions like industrial accidents, terrorism, and complex emergencies from war. Disaster risk refers to potential losses from a hazard due to a community's vulnerability and is a product of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The document aims to help readers understand different types of disasters and disaster risk.
Presentation by Dennis Wagenaar, Deltares, at the Delft3D - User Days (Day 1: Hydrology and hydrodynamics), during Delft Software Days - Edition 2019. Monday, 11 November 2019, Delft.
This document discusses the characterization and management of extreme weather events on Italian roads. It provides a history of extreme events in Italy over the past 130 years, including major landslides and floods. Specific examples of extreme events are described, such as heavy rains in 2010 in the Province of Lucca and Massa Carrara that triggered landslides and flooding. The document also discusses the impact of geological and hydrological events in Italy, noting that between 1279 and 2002 there were over 4,500 damaging events related to landslides, flooding, and other hazards according to an Italian catalogue of vulnerable areas.
IRJET - A Case Study on Flood Risk ManagementIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a case study on flood risk management. It discusses three levels of flood risk management actions - operational, project planning, and design levels. At the operational level, accurate flood forecasting and 24/7 emergency response are important. The project planning level involves flood control projects like dams, diversion canals, and river defenses. The design level includes structures like check dams, retaining walls, and building regulations to mitigate flood risk. Flood risk management aims to reduce loss of life and property damage from floods.
This document defines key terms related to disasters, including:
1. It provides three definitions of "disaster" from different organizations.
2. It identifies two types of disasters: natural disasters caused by forces of nature and man-made disasters caused by human actions.
3. It explains concepts like hazard, vulnerability, capacity, primary effects, secondary effects, and tertiary effects in relation to disasters.
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Focus sull’analisi dei danni al settore commerciale e industrialefloodimpat project
Descrizione dei componenti di un'attività commerciale ed industriale rispetto alla rischio alluvionale e descrizione degli elementi di vulnerabilità per i diversi componenti
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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1. Flood risk assessment and management: main
concepts and tools
15 December 2017
Course in “Risk-based design”, Master of Science in Building Architecture
Daniela Molinari, DICA, Politecnico di Milano (daniela.Molinari@polimi.it)
2. 2Outline
•Flood risk in numbers
•What is flood risk?
•Flood risk assessment
•Why evaluating flood risk?
•Risk mitigation
•Spatial planning and building codes
7. Source: EMDAT
Overview of Natural Disasters in Europe over the last 30 years (1980-2008):
occurrence, economic damage and affected people
The “weight” of flood risk:
the European view
8. Source: EMDAT
Overview of Natural Disasters in Italy over the last 30 years (1980-2010):
occurrence, economic damage and affected people
The “weight” of flood risk:
the Italian view
9. Source: ISPRA
70 % of Italian Municipalities are prone to
hydrogeological risk
Cinque Terre, 2011
Piemonte, 1994
Sarno, 1998
The “weight” of hydrogeological risk:
the Italian view
Sardegna, 2013
10. The “weight” of flood risk:
the Italian view
TOT: 16.878.058 inhabitants
(28.4% of Italian population)
11. Floods: what does it mean? 11
A flood is: “A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of
normally dry land areas”
1) Flooding occurs most commonly from heavy rainfall, when soil is saturated. In such
conditions, soil can not absorb all the rain which is converted into surface runoff. When it
reaches water bodies (rivers, lakes, channels, pipes, etc.), runoff is converted into water
discharge/volume. This process is named rainfall runoff-process.
- Natural floods (natural watercourses/reservoirs do not have the capacity to convey excess
water)
- Urban floods (because of insufficient drainage systems)
The water balance
2) Flooding can result from other phenomenon,
particularly in coastal areas where inundation can
be caused by a storm surge associated with a
tropical cyclone, a tsunami or a high tide
- Coastal floods
3) Dam failures can result in flooding of the
downstream area
12. Riverine and Flash floods 12
Riverine floods: Water rises over time due to
prolonged rain in region or in response to snow
melt from above average winter storms. They
develop slowly, sometimes over a period of days
- Big catchments / floodplain
- Slow velocity / low debris load
Flash floods: Fast response to severe storms or
dam failure (too much water in very short
duration and little space). They develop quickly,
usually less than 6 hours.
- Small catchments / mountain
- High velocity / high debris load
13. 13What is risk?
H= Hazard: intrinsic characteristics of the natural phenomenon
E= Exposure: items potentially at risk
V= Vulnerability: items propensity to be damaged (i.e. fragility of systems)
FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT REQUIRES THE ESTIMATION OF ALL RISK’s
COMPONENTS
RISK meaning the expected number of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property
and disruption of economic activity due to a particular natural phenomenon (e.g. floods)
)(),,( pDdpVEHfR ∫ ⋅==
14. 14
There is no a common agreement among terms like damages, losses, impacts
“Injury, harm; esp. physical injury to a thing”
“The sum of money claimed or adjudged to be paid in compensation for loss
or injury sustained”
The interest lies in all the harmful effects of a flood on a community (i.e.exposed items):
impacts on humans
impacts on humans’ health and belongings
impacts on public infrastructures and costs to face the emergency
impacts cultural heritage and ecological systems
impacts on industrial production and the economy
Quantifying risk: damage models
glossary
15. 15Quantifying risk: damage models
Kinds of damages
DIRECT losses resulting from direct contact with the hazard (e.g. flood
damage to building)
INDIRECT losses are those resulting from the event but not from its direct
impact (e.g. business losses due to activity disruption)
TANGIBLE losses concern things with a monetary value (e.g. buildings,
livestock, etc.)
INTANGIBLE losses regard things that cannot be bought and sold (such as
lives, heritage and environmental items, memorabilia, etc.)
16. Quantifying risk: damage models
Current state of the art
16
(i) direct damages are usually present in any damage assessment
(ii) indirect losses are often roughly estimated
(iii) intangibles are frequently ignored or simply mentioned, without any attempt of
evaluation.
TYPE MODELING APPROACH
DAMAGE
direct indirect intangible
EXPLICIT
AVERAGING APPROACH:
mean unit values (e.g. average loss per flooded
dwelling, average loss per km of inundated road,
loss of value added, etc.)
x
FUNCTIONS APPROACH:
relative or absolute hazard-loss (typically depth-
damage) functions
x
SURVEYS:
field surveys of event impacts x x
INDIRECT
PERCENTAGES:
fixed or variable (e.g. as a function of warning time,
depth of flooding) ratios of potential/direct damages
x x
ADHOC
FROM OTHER DISCIPLINES OR
EXPERIMENTAL:
Surrogate values, Opportunity Cost, Human Capital
Approach, Hedonic price, Contingent valuation,
Replacement costs, etc.
x x
17. Quantifying risk: damage models
Current state of the art (direct damage)
17
(i) Damage to residential sector is the most investigated, along with agriculture
(ii) Few (simple) models for damage to people, industrial & commercial sector, roads
(iii) Local (ex-post) studies for the other sector
costi PC
18. averaging methods: an average loss per flooded unit is supplied
e.g. RAM - Australia
stage-damage curves (otherwise called “depth-damage” curves or stage-damage
“functions”): model of the relationship between the expected loss in the unit and the
varying depth of the flood water
Quantifying risk: damage models
direct damage
18
0,000
0,200
0,400
0,600
0,800
1,000
1,200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
damage(-)
depth (m)
STANDARD METHOD
damage to buildings (content + structure)
low rise
single and farm
intermediate
high rise
19. 1919
Molinari D.
Depth-damage curves are the
standard tool to estimate direct
damage to buildings
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
damage(%)
water depth (m)
DAMAGE TO BUILDING STRUCTURE
(Source: USACE)
one storey - basement
more storeys - basement
one storey - no basement
more storeys - no basement
R = f ( H , E , V )
Quantifying risk: damage models
Depth-damage curves
DAMAGE TO BUILDING (structure + contents)
(Source USACE)
20. 2020
Molinari D.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
damage(%)
water depth (m)
DAMAGE TO BUILDING STRUCTURE
(Source: USACE)
one storey - basement
more storeys - basement
one storey - no basement
more storeys - no basement
R = f ( H , E , V )
Depth-damage curves are the
standard tool to estimate direct
damage to buildings
Quantifying risk: damage models
Depth-damage curves
DAMAGE TO BUILDING (structure + contents)
(Source USACE)
21. 2121
Molinari D.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
damage(%)
water depth (m)
DAMAGE TO BUILDING STRUCTURE
(Source: USACE)
one storey - basement
more storeys - basement
one storey - no basement
more storeys - no basement
R = f ( H , E , V )
Depth-damage curves are the
standard tool to estimate direct
damage to buildings
Quantifying risk: damage models
Depth-damage curves
DAMAGE TO BUILDING (structure + contents)
(Source USACE)
22. 2222
Molinari D.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
damage(%)
water depth (m)
DAMAGE TO BUILDING STRUCTURE
(Source: USACE)
one storey - basement
more storeys - basement
one storey - no basement
more storeys - no basement
R = f ( H , E , V )
Depth-damage curves are the
standard tool to estimate direct
damage to buildings
Quantifying risk: damage models
Current state of the art
DAMAGE TO BUILDING (structure + contents)
(Source USACE)
23. 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
damage(%)
water depth (m)
DAMAGE TO BUILDING STRUCTURE
(Source: USACE)
one storey - basement
more storeys - basement
one storey - no basement
more storeys - no basement
2323
Molinari D.
R = f ( H , E , V )
Depth-damage curves are the
standard tool to estimate direct
damage to buildings
Quantifying risk: damage models
Depth-damage curves
24. An example: hazard assessment
Valmalenco
Hydraulic modelling flooded area + hazard variables of inerest
(water depths, velocities, etc.)
25. An example: exposure assessment
• People
• Residential buildings
• Economic activities
• Infrastructures
• Environmental & Cultural
heritage
• Strategic buildings
26. Vulnerability factors for buildings
Building structure
(e.g.. wood,
concrete, masonry),
Number of
floors/presence of
basement
Yera of
costruction/level of
maintainance
Use
An example: vulnerability assessment
27. N.B. Risk is due to the combination of different damage scenarios
Damage model hazard, exposure and
vulneability
An example: damage assessment
28. percentages of direct damages
surrogate values (e.g. the cost of renting an equivalent home)
ad-hoc methods grounded on economics (e.g. loss of “value-added”, opportunity
cost, etc.) as well as other scientific disciplines (e.g. the origin-destination matrix for
the evaluation of road disruption costs)
detailed field surveys
28
IMPLICIT infer indirect damages from the knowledge of direct ones
Quantifying risk: damage models
indirect damage
29. 29
MAIN DIFFICULTIES:
ethical objections
availability of data
How can we prize a life or an historical monument?
How can we value a worsening in the landscape?
the few existing data usually refer only to the
number of injured (or dead) people with the
problem of gaining information for the modelling
of other types of intangibles
FEW EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF LOSS
Quantifying risk: damage models
intangible damage
30. 3030
Molinari et al.
Jongman et al. (2013), Comparative flood
damage model assessment: towards a
European approach,Nat. Hazards Earth Syst.
Sci., 12, 3733–3752, 2012
Uncertainty in damage estimation
31. Dealing with damage variability 31
Damage depends on both hazard and vulnerability factors
assessment procedures have historically focused on a small
number of explanatory variables
(i.e. the depth of flooding and few vulnerability features)
flood damage assessments are currently associated with large
uncertainties just because these few variables are not able to
describe the variability of damage data
32. Dealing with damage variability 32
André et al. (2013): Contribution of insurance data to cost assessment of coastal flood
damage to residential buildings: insights gained from Johanna (2008) and Xynthia (2010)
storm events, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2003-2012
33. Dealing with damage variability 33
Scorzini A. (2014), Analisi e Gestione del Rischio Idraulico: valutazioni economiche a
supporto della pianificazione di bacino, Tesi di Dottorato – Univesrità degli Studi dell’Aquila
34. 34Why estimating risk?
1. To define long term risk mitigation strategies on
the base of cost-benefit analyses
2. To define emergency management strategies on
the base of priority for intervention
3. To support (private/public) fund
allocation/compensation
4. To define priority for intervention in the emergency
phase
5. To learn from past events (i.e. understand risk
drivers)
EX-ANTE
EX-POST
35. Short term (e.g. EWS,
emergency plans)
Long term (e.g.
spatial planning)
Hazard (e.g.
banks, dams)
Exposure (e.g.
spatial planning)
Vulnerability (e.g.
building codes,
insurance)
Structural (e.g. banks,
buildings features)
Non structural (e.g. spatial
planning, communication
A good risk reduction strategy should foresee a mix of all the above
Risk reduction strategies
Temporal scale
Components
Typology
36. The European Directive 2007/60/CE:
the “Floods Directive”
36
Purpose (Art 1):
to establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risk, aiming at
the reduction of the adverse consequences for
human health
the environment
cultural heritage and
economic activity
associated with floods in the Community
37. The European Directive 2007/60/CE:
3 steps process
37
22 Dec 2011
Preliminary flood risk
assessment
22 Dec 2013
Flood hazard maps
and flood risk maps
22 Dec 2015
Flood risk
management plans
Revision by
22 Dec 2018, 2019 and
2021(respectively) and
every six years
thereafter
38. The European Directive 2007/60/CE:
3 steps process
38
22 Dec 2011
Preliminary flood risk
assessment
22 Dec 2013
Flood hazard maps
and flood risk maps
22 Dec 2015
Flood risk
management plans
FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT
PLANS:
SHALL ADDRESS ALL ASPECTS
OF FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT
MUST BE BASED ON FLOOD
HAZARD MAPS AND FLOOD RISK
MAPS
39. The European Directive 2007/60/CE:
3 steps process
39
22 Dec 2011
Preliminary flood risk
assessment
22 Dec 2013
Flood hazard maps
and flood risk maps
22 Dec 2015
Flood risk
management plans
FLOOD RISK MAPS:
SHALL SHOW ALL THE
POTENTIAL ADVERSE
CONSEQUENCES ASSOCIATED
WITH FLOOD SCENARIOS
40. The European Directive 2007/60/CE:
competent authorities
40
22 Dec 2011
Preliminary flood risk
assessment
22 Dec 2013
Flood hazard maps and
flood risk maps
22 Dec 2015
Flood risk
management plans
Competent authorities:
River basin district authorities
41. The European Directive 2007/60/CE:
competent authorities
41
22 Dec 2011
Preliminary flood risk
assessment
22 Dec 2013
Flood hazard maps and
flood risk maps
22 Dec 2015
Flood risk
management plans
Competent authorities:
River basin district authorities
Water Framework Directive
“River basin district" means the area of
land and sea, made up of one or more
neighboring river basins together with their
associated groundwaters and coastal
waters, which is identified as the main unit
for management of river basins.
42. Short term (e.g. EWS,
emergency plans)
Long term (e.g.
spatial planning)
Hazard (e.g.
banks, dams)
Exposure (e.g.
spatial planning)
Vulnerability (e.g.
building codes,
insurance)
Structural (e.g. banks,
buildings features)
Non structural (e.g. spatial
planning, communication
The role of spatial planning
Temporal scale
Components
Typology
43. Italian regulation on spatial planning:
historical pathway
43
Law 183/1989 % “Sarno” Law (1998)
River Basin e PAI
DLgs. 152/2006
River Basin Districts
Floods Directive (2007)
Water Framework Directive (2000)
DLgs 49/2010
44. Italian regulation on spatial planning:
historical pathway
44
Law 183/1989 & “Sarno” Law (1998)
River Basin e PAI
Floods Directive (2007)
Valtellina flood, 1987
Sarno flood, 1998
Elbe flood, 2002
45. Italian regulation on spatial planning: :
the law 183/1989
45
Purpose (Art.1): to ensure
• hydrogeological risk prevention
• water quality restoration
• use and management of water resources
It is a legislative framework of unique importance,
although it mixes water restoration and risk prevention objectives
46. Italian regulation on spatial planning: :
the law 183/1989
46
Competent authorities (Art. 12)
It creates the river basin authorities (national, interregional and regional) as
competent authorities
Its strength consists in focusing on the river basin scale
instead of administrative boundaries.
sezione di chiusura
bacino idrograficoRiver basin
48. Italian regulation on spatial planning: :
the law 183/1989
48
Tools (Art. 17)
It Introduces the river basin plan, a “territorial” plan with rules and restrictions to be
implemented at the local level
sezione di chiusura
The law allows to proceed by acting on different basin priorities one at a time,
by means of the so called “piani stralcio” (thematic plans).
49. The River Po basin:
Piano stralcio delle fasce fluviali – River zones plan (1998)
49
Goals:
• Classifying flood plain areas on the basis of the flood risk (river zones)
• Setting development rules for each zone
50. The River Po basin:
Piano stralcio delle fasce fluviali – River zones plan (1998)
50
Zone A:
Portion of the river bed usually housing of
the reference flood water discharge
Zone B
External to the A zone, it corresponds to
the areas usually flooded in case of the
reference flood; it generally coincide with
area inside secondary levees system
Zone C:
External to the B zone, it corresponds to
the areas usually flooded on occasion of
catastrophic floods, more severe than the
reference one
River zones
51. The River Po basin:
Piano stralcio delle fasce fluviali – River zones plan (1998)
51
Zone A:
Portion of the river bed usually housing of
the reference flood water discharge
Zone B
External to the A zone, it corresponds to
the areas usually flooded in case of the
reference flood; it generally coincide with
area inside secondary levees system
Zone C:
External to the B zone, it corresponds to
the areas usually flooded on occasion of
catastrophic floods, more severe than the
reference one
River zones
Actually, river zones are identified on the basis of the only flood hazard.
52. The River Po basin:
Piano stralcio delle fasce fluviali – River zones plan (1998)
52
Zone A:
• New building and farming not permitted,
only: renaturalization
• Relocation incentives
Zone B
• New building not permitted, only:
temporal activities (storage),
renaturalization
• relocation incentives;
Zone C:
• Compulsory contingency plans;
• structural measures incentives
(demanded to local planning decisions).
It actually consists in defining areas where
there is an “acceptable” risk
Development rules
53. 53The River Po basin:
PAI– hydrogeological assessment plan (2001)
Goal:
improving river zones plan
Reduce hydro geological risk
News:
It considers both landslides and floods
Zones are defined according to risk and not only to hazard
It considers both structural and non structural prevention measures
54. The River Po basin:
PAI– hydrogeological assessment plan (2001)
54
Risk Atlas
R1
R2
R3
R4
Damage to objects
Damage to people
55. Short term (e.g. EWS,
emergency plans)
Long term (e.g.
spatial planning)
Hazard (e.g.
banks, dams)
Exposure (e.g.
spatial planning)
Vulnerability (e.g.
building codes,
insurance)
Structural (e.g. banks,
buildings features)
Non structural (e.g. spatial
planning, communication
The role of building codes
Temporal scale
Components
Typology
56. The role of building codes: waterproof buildings 56