11. Geographic Information
≠ Maps
• Three facets to consider
–Space
–Time
–Attribute
• Conventions persist
• Direct Impacts of
Accuracies/Uncertainties
12. Knowing where is just the beginning
• If you know where
something is, that can be
valuable, even crucial
13. Knowing where is just the beginning
• If you know where
something is, that can
be valuable, even
crucial
• If you know where
two things are, that
can be more valuable
– With spatial relations
14.
15. Overlay
• Integration
• Map-based GIS approach
and concept
–2D and static
–matched the availability of data
–matched our conceptual
abilities
• The essential approach
• overlay, the “GIS spike”
16. Overlay
• Integration
• Map-based GIS approach
and concept
–2D and static
–matched the availability of data
–matched our conceptual
abilities
• The essential approach
• overlay, the “GIS spike”
17. Overlay
• Integration
• Map-based GIS approach
and concept
–2D and static
–matched the availability of data
–matched our conceptual
abilities
• The essential approach
• overlay, the “GIS spike”
18. GIS creates spatial relations with
information
• Create, discover and make sense of relations is
most valuable
• Uses qualitative and quantitative data
• GIS makes it possible to create, manipulate,
analyze, and present information with
geographic characteristics to produce
knowledge
• Transformations are key — GIS has many
transformative operations
• Orthogonal coordinates/categories
19. Buffers
• Another map-based
operation and concept
–2D and static
–matches the availability
of data
–matches map-based
concepts
–transforms space-time
relations to zones and
boundaries
21. Horwood's Short Laws of Data Processing and
Information Systems (from the 1960s)
1. Good data is the data you already have.
2. Bad data drives out good.
3. The data you have for the present crisis was collected to relate
to the previous one.
4. The respectability of existing data grows with elapsed time and
distance from the data source to the investigator.
5. Data can be moved from one office to another but it cannot be
created or destroyed.
6. If you have the right data you have the wrong problem and vice
versa.
7. The important thing is not what you do but how you measure
it.
8. In complex systems there is no relationship between
information gathered and the decision made.
9. Acquisition from knowledge is an exception.
10.Knowledge flows at half the rate at which academic courses
proliferate. http://www.urisa.org/hall/horwood
27. Contributors
College of Design
College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences
College of Liberal Arts
College of Science and Engineering
Enterprise GIS
Center for Urban and Regional Affairs
Office of Information Technology
School of Public Health
University of Minnesota Libraries
University of Minnesota Extension Service
Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs
Institute on the Environment
Minnesota Population Center
28. Funding
Unit
Contribution Unit Match
33% 33%
Central Core
33%
U-Spatial is funded by $2.5 million over 2012-2017, two-thirds of which is from the
OVPR Infrastructure Investment Initiative and one-third is contributed by the
participants
29. U-Spatial Mission
U-Spatial networks data, equipment and
expertise to benefit all researchers working
with spatial sciences and creative activities
at the University of Minnesota.
30. U-Spatial Mission
U-Spatial networks data, equipment and
expertise to benefit all researchers working
with spatial sciences and creative activities
at the University of Minnesota.
Support for Spatial Research
31. Spring 2012 Survey
• 139 Respondents
• Good Representation
• Reinforced the
proposed directions
34. What’s Next for U-Spatial?
• Continue the Core Services
–Help Desk
–Training
–Data
–Consulting
• Support spatial research in
data, imaging, and analysis
cores
• Incorporate symposium input
44. “Consulting”
Spatial Research is Everywhere
• Public Health
• Nursing School
• Liberal Arts
• Engineering
• Carlson Business School
• Social Work
• Applied Economics
• Biosystems Engineering
• Religious Studies
• Office of Equity & Diversity
• HHH
• more and more and more
Also have information about Digital Mapping course I offer in the Spring semester for undergraduates\n
Also have information about Digital Mapping course I offer in the Spring semester for undergraduates\n
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Exhibit: Sacred Space, Contested Terrain\nWorkshop: Mapping Spectral Traces part of Site and Incitement, a University-wide symposium topic by the Institute for Advanced Study\nJuliette Cherbuliez pointed out today a ACLA Seminar, "Mapping Oppression: Translating Literary and Geographical Sites of Terror"\nAmerican Comparative Literature Association Annual Conference\nAnne Knowles has described The World War II Holocaust as “a profoundly geographical event, rooted in specific physical spaces, times, and landscapes,” “characterized by a spatiality of process” demanding geographical analysis.\n
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Start with where things are; relationships, overlay integration, other analysis\n
Start with where things are; relationships, overlay integration, other analysis\n
Start with where things are; relationships, overlay integration, other analysis\n
Start with where things are; relationships, overlay integration, other analysis\n
Start with where things are; relationships, overlay integration, other analysis\n
Start with where things are; relationships, overlay integration, other analysis\n
Start with where things are; relationships, overlay integration, other analysis\n
GI has special properties that distinguishes it from maps. Even if the map is stored in a digital format, geographic information also can be changed in many additional ways, whereas maps are usually very difficult to change \n--> Transformations\nDistances between place, MSP - AMS can be reported in hundreths of cm, regardless of spatial resolution\nPotere (7) found that the mean misregistration of Google Earth imagery was ~40 m relative to Landsat GeoCover\n
Accuracy, information: Surveying example\n\n
Airplane movements and noise exposure - relate airplane produced noise to levels of exposure by location\n
Written about in the 1930s\n
Written about in the 1930s\n
Written about in the 1930s\n
Written about in the 1930s\n
Turn to operations with examples, however in the interest of time very brief\n
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Horwood’s principles from the 1960s\n
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For over fifty years, the UMN has been a national and international leader in spatial-related scholarship and applications. Among many contributions, the UMN helped create one of the first geographic information systems, the Land Management Information System in the 1960s; we created the first professional degree program in GIS in the United States; and was where one of the key open-software packages for displaying spatial information was developed (MapServer) . The University has many internationally known spatial research centers, including the Center of Urban and Regional Affairs, the Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis Laboratory, the Spatial Database and Spatial Data Mining Research Group, the Minnesota Population Center the Geographic Information Sciences Laboratory and the Polar Geospatial Center.  A more comprehensive list of the units and people involved with spatial research can be found on the U-Spatial web site.  Along with a long esteemed history in cartography, geodesign, and geography, we have a solid intellectual foundation in core disciplines ranging from computer science to remote sensing. \n
For over fifty years, the UMN has been a national and international leader in spatial-related scholarship and applications. Among many contributions, the UMN helped create one of the first geographic information systems, the Land Management Information System in the 1960s; we created the first professional degree program in GIS in the United States; and was where one of the key open-software packages for displaying spatial information was developed (MapServer) . The University has many internationally known spatial research centers, including the Center of Urban and Regional Affairs, the Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis Laboratory, the Spatial Database and Spatial Data Mining Research Group, the Minnesota Population Center the Geographic Information Sciences Laboratory and the Polar Geospatial Center.  A more comprehensive list of the units and people involved with spatial research can be found on the U-Spatial web site.  Along with a long esteemed history in cartography, geodesign, and geography, we have a solid intellectual foundation in core disciplines ranging from computer science to remote sensing. \n
The program is designed to provide needed investment capital at a time when finances are tightest and addresses the following goals:\nEnhance UMN research competitiveness by improving the quality and expanding the scope of research through investments in shared infrastructure.\nProvide incentive for faculty to join together to improve core facilities enabling and expanding researcher, department, disciplinary and cross-disciplinary unit and multi-unit collaborations.\nRespond to areas of greatest need and benefit with investment decisions driven by faculty supporting infrastructure that contributes to or leverages existing investments in infrastructure and expertise while avoiding duplication of services already available.\n
The program is designed to provide needed investment capital at a time when finances are tightest and addresses the following goals:\nEnhance UMN research competitiveness by improving the quality and expanding the scope of research through investments in shared infrastructure.\nProvide incentive for faculty to join together to improve core facilities enabling and expanding researcher, department, disciplinary and cross-disciplinary unit and multi-unit collaborations.\nRespond to areas of greatest need and benefit with investment decisions driven by faculty supporting infrastructure that contributes to or leverages existing investments in infrastructure and expertise while avoiding duplication of services already available.\n
The program is designed to provide needed investment capital at a time when finances are tightest and addresses the following goals:\nEnhance UMN research competitiveness by improving the quality and expanding the scope of research through investments in shared infrastructure.\nProvide incentive for faculty to join together to improve core facilities enabling and expanding researcher, department, disciplinary and cross-disciplinary unit and multi-unit collaborations.\nRespond to areas of greatest need and benefit with investment decisions driven by faculty supporting infrastructure that contributes to or leverages existing investments in infrastructure and expertise while avoiding duplication of services already available.\n
The program is designed to provide needed investment capital at a time when finances are tightest and addresses the following goals:\nEnhance UMN research competitiveness by improving the quality and expanding the scope of research through investments in shared infrastructure.\nProvide incentive for faculty to join together to improve core facilities enabling and expanding researcher, department, disciplinary and cross-disciplinary unit and multi-unit collaborations.\nRespond to areas of greatest need and benefit with investment decisions driven by faculty supporting infrastructure that contributes to or leverages existing investments in infrastructure and expertise while avoiding duplication of services already available.\n
The program is designed to provide needed investment capital at a time when finances are tightest and addresses the following goals:\nEnhance UMN research competitiveness by improving the quality and expanding the scope of research through investments in shared infrastructure.\nProvide incentive for faculty to join together to improve core facilities enabling and expanding researcher, department, disciplinary and cross-disciplinary unit and multi-unit collaborations.\nRespond to areas of greatest need and benefit with investment decisions driven by faculty supporting infrastructure that contributes to or leverages existing investments in infrastructure and expertise while avoiding duplication of services already available.\n
U-Spatial supports researchers from the entire U. We also include academic support services, centers, and institutes.\n\n
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Main function of U-Spatial is supporting research. As we got started and experienced the first growth, we wanted to get your input and use that to fine-tune and priortize U-Spatial activities. The Spring 2012 survey provided valuable input. \n\nJust want to focus on two issues. You can access the report and discussion of the survey at the U-Spatial website\n
“best” to help prioritize\nAdvanced GIS training was most desirable; help desk came second\n
Issues we need to address to support your research\n
ISO/ESO rules are tough, cloud computing\n
We’ll focus on central core in the brief presentation, the rest of the morning will be to discuss activities in the other cores\n
We’ll focus on central core in the brief presentation, the rest of the morning will be to discuss activities in the other cores\n
We’ll focus on central core in the brief presentation, the rest of the morning will be to discuss activities in the other cores\n
Classification of remote sensing data has been an important source of land use and land cover information.\nResearch at the Remote Sensing Lab has proven the potential for classifying land cover with Landsat TM data. \n
A recent special issue of Science titled Dealing with Data (February 11, 2011) argues that we must\nbetter deal with the “deluge” of huge and complex data sets in the face of critical shortcomings in data archiving\nand discovery. These needs are writ large for spatial science research on campus. U-Spatial will help researchers\narchive their data and make it discoverable and reusable by others.\n Data archiving and discovery. Walter, MPC, and Borchert will leverage their deep expertise in data\nmanagement, archiving, and discovery services that greatly improve data re-use and citation capabilities. Re-\nuse refers to the ability to archive data sets, making them searchable and available over time for multiple uses\nand users, thereby minimizing duplication of research. Citation goes beyond basic metadata concepts to\nprovide a robust identification framework for connecting data sources to scholarly publications. Data\nmanagement services will facilitate and regulate open access to contributed data sets via a data portal and web\ncommunities that assist with spatial knowledge discovery.\n Server infrastructure. Walter and MPC will work with OIT and EGIS to develop a shared U-Spatial Data Core\nServer Infrastructure. In additional to hosting specific projects as needed to support data activities, it will host\nvirtual servers and a technology stack of Fedora Commons Repository archive software, the Drupal content\nmanagement system, indexer platform, and spatial tools such as MapServer and ArcGIS\nServer.\n
GeoDesign holds the promise of transforming current and future stressors into opportunities to \ncreate resilient coupled human-natural systems. Our complex social and biophysical systems\nare poorly addressed by current decision-making processes. By linking interdisciplinary\ncollaborative decision-making with spatial modeling and landscape visualization, GeoDesign will\nproduce landscape design outcomes that respond more explicitly and appropriately to the\ncomplexities of our biophysical, social, economic and political systems.\n
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Molly, Kris, Allen, Lucas\n
Support many activities; just say a bit about three projects out of the 3+ weekly help desk requests we get\n
It shows the location of food shelves and the network distance from the centroid of census tracts to the closest food shelf location.  This is work in progress, one of the research goals will be to test if food shelves are under-serving areas with larger non-white populations.  The researcher is Caitlin Caspi, post doc at AHC. \n
Model showing predicted NO2 pollution for entire U.S.\n
Age Friendly Cities (Academic Health Center) – Mobile data collection of city characteristics\n
The House of Worship project is with Jeanne Kilde, Director of Religious Studies.  This project requests funding to conduct and transcribe twelve oral history interviews focusing on the religious experience and interactions among immigrant groups in nine Twin Cities neighborhoods in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.  GIS is being used to geo-locate former church locations based on old land and church records.\n
GIS 101, Web Mapping 101, LiDAR, PGC Boot camp\n
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ISO/ESO rules are tough, cloud computing, data storage, support, \nThe U-Spatial speaker series supports ongoing research and creative activities at the University of Minnesota through help with visits and presentations from outstanding national and international researchers. Events receiving U-Spatial support will be identified as part of the U-Spatial Speaker Series. Based on a total of nine speakers, we will make up to $1000 available for each speaker and event. \nValue your input\n
