Trash to Treasure:Waste-to-energy as next fuel source?

Trash to Treasure:
Waste-to-energy as next fuel source?
Michael R. Schuppenhauer, Ph.D.
President & CEO
Farmatic Inc.

November 7, 2012
FACC / GACC
San Francisco, CA

www.farmatic.com www.farmatic.com
1

This is what we build.

2

Waste-to-Energy to New Fuels

Nutrients and trace elements supplimentation
Farmatic References – 50 years, 300 projects
Input Trace
elements
Biology is key to performance
pH Value

pH-Value

Gas production

hydr. Retention Time Differences between Europe and the US
Test duration [h]

3

Farmatic
50 years track record as EPC in
tanks, biogas, waste water

Revenues of $30+ Mio. pa

65+ employees

Farmatic Anlagenbau GmbH in Nortorf, Germany
Farmatic Inc. in San Francisco, CA

ISO 9000 series & RAL

More than 100 biogas references world wide
More than 100 waste water references world wide
Since 50 years bolted steel tanks

4

Farmatic’s underlying differentiators:

Enamel coated bolted steel tanks
• Steel tanks enable superior geometry
• Center CSTR lowers parasitic energy load
• Enamel coating offers far superior corrosion
resistance
• Steel tanks are seismically superior
• Bolted design enables shorter construction time,
cost
• Plate design enables on-site modification,
repair and disassembly
• Enamel coated steel tanks are widely recognized
and established in the US

Stand 04/2012 www.farmatic.com www.farmatic.com
5 5

We are from
Germany, our
references are
global.
Modular, segmented
design allows Farmatic
plants to be constructed
anywhere on the world,
with guaranteed quality
and delivery times.

6

Farmatic offers a full range of biogas plant sizes
100 kW 500 kW >2 MW

7

Biogas Plant Albersdorf, Germany
BioKraft Albersdorf GmbH & Co. KG
Schrumer Straße

D-25767 Albersdorf

Biogas Plant
Wet Digestion of Organic Waste
Throughput: 80.000 t/y
Hydrolysis: Ø = 16,22 m; H = 5,60 m
3 x Hygenization: Ø = 3,20 m; H = 6,50 m
2 x Fermenter: Ø = 16,11 m; H = 16,80 m
Digestate: Ø = 21,35 m; H = 5,60 m
CHP: 836 kWel./1.010 kWtherm

Operational: 10/02

8

Biogas Plant Aravete, Estonia
Baltic Biogas
Rotermanni 8

EST-10111 Tallinn

Biogasanlage
Wet digestion of manure, solid waste and
organic matter, two-step, mesophil
2 x Fermenter: 3.500 m³
Digestate: 2.500 m³
Output: 2,0 MWelektr.

Operational: 05/12

9

Biogas Plant Örebro, Sweden
Swedish Biogas International AB
Tippvägen

SE-70594 Örebro

Biogas Plant
Agro-industrial SSO, energy crops
2 x Fermenter: Ø = 17,08 m; H = 18,27 m
2 x Digestate: Ø = 19,63 m; H = 8,47 m
Storage: Ø = 28,17 m; H = 8,47 m
Grain: Ø = 12,51 m; H = 14,00 m
Glycerin: Ø = 4,27 m; H = 7,08 m

Notes:
Gas upgrading of 1.200 m³ (2,5 MWel) to
grid quality and CNG for vehicles,

Operational: 10/09

10

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Farmatic Activities in the US
Biogas Plant Design & Engineering
Agricultural – CA: $1.35 billion

Organic Waste Streams – TBD
Agro Food Processors – CA: $400 million
Input Trace
elements
pH Value

Biofuel / Advanced Biofuel – US: $11-35 billion
pH-Value

Gas production

hydr. Retention Time
Equipment
Roof, Impeller, Gas Dome
Test duration [h]

DHX
Cold Storage
Biological and Operational Services
Project Development

Stand 04/2012 www.farmatic.com www.farmatic.com
12 12

Biogas Plant Portland, OR – 500 t/d Design Specs

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Input Trace
elements
pH Value

pH-Value

Gas production

Test duration [h]

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Kinetic Degradation of Substrates to Biogas
CH4 + CO2 + H2O
Seconds to Methanogenesis
Minutes
CO2 + H2 Acetate

Minutes
to Days
Acetogenesis

CO2 + H2 Acetate Propionate Butyrate Valeriate Ethanol

Minutes Acidogenesis
to days
Monomer Long Chain
Amino Acids
Carbohydrates Fatty Acids
Hours
to Days Hydrolyse

Polymere Carbohydrates Fat Proteins Inorganic Substances
Complex Particular Matter
Pind et al: Monitoring and Control aof Anaerobic Reactors 2003 www.farmatic.com www.farmatic.com
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Stochiometry of Microbiological Methane Formation
Buswell Formula (USA, 1940)
CcHhOoNnSs + ¼(4c-h+2o+3n+2s) H2O 1/8(4c-h+2o+3n+2s) CO2
+ 1/8 (4c+h-2o-3n-2s) CH4
+ n NH3 + s H2S

Examples:
Glucose C6H12O6 3 CH4 + CO2
Betaine C5H11NO2 3 CH4 + CO2 + NH3

Fat ca. 67 % CH4 + 33 % CO2
Alcohol ca. 75 % CH4 + 25 % CO2
Protein ca. 70 % CH4 + 30 % CO2
Whey ca. 52 % CH4 + 48 % CO2

*Note the pH dependency of pCO2:

16

Biogas Yields of Common Feed Stocks

Yield Forecast
KTBL.DE
Buswell
Fermentation Test
VDI 4630, DIN 38414-8,
ISO 11 734

17

Proper control of the microbiology
assures the performance for biogas
Process parameters that influence the biology
Temperature
Organic Loading Rate
Alkalinity & pH
Trace element supply
Inhibiting Elements
Stirring <> Dry Matter Content <> Viscosity
Process Stability

18


Input Trace
elements
pH Value

pH-Value

Gas production

Test duration [h]

19

Some Facts on Biogas
•Anaerobic reversal of photosynthesis
•3,000 year old “technology”
•Base or peak load domestic energy
•GHG negative
•Eliminates Ag/compost odor
•Grid-competitive at $3/W CapEx
•7,500 biogas plants in Germany with
3.2 GW and 175,000 Nm3/h Biogas
•Max. FIT in Germany: 16-24 c/kWh
•Bioenergy in Germany is
3x Wind+Solar energy combined
•3x energy yield per acre vs. liq. fuels
•14% of all trash is food waste
•30-40% of all MSW is digestable
•RFS2: Biogas is an Advanced Biofuel

20

U.S. Biogas Potential and Cost by Vertical
Livestock1 Waste Water MSW
Treatment1 Food Scraps2

Current No. Current No. Million Tons per
Digesters
186 Digesters
1,500 Year
34.75

Potential No. Potential No. Potential No.
of Digesters
8,200 of Digesters
3,250 5MW Digesters 350

Power Potential 1,700 MW Power Potential 750 MW Power Potential 1,750 MW

Average US Cost per MW: $5.74 million1
Average Cost per Project: $12.6 million
Source: 1. American Biogas Council 2. MSW Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the US: Facts and Figures for
2010
21 21

The US is a different environment
Europe USA
•Dense population, logistics •Varying electricity cost
•No domestic fuel resources 3…12…40 c/kWh
•Declared renewable goals •Lack of water West of NE
•High energy cost (+15c/kWh) •Valuable crop lands in CA, HI
•Feed-in-tariffs •Long distances between
•Surplus of Ag land, products resource and consumption
•Waste disposal rules •More waste, more energy need
•State managed energy supply •Economies of scale
•Pull for renewables •Competitive/oppressive market
•30+ years track record •Different waste definitions
•Research •Regulation
•Two feedstocks: silage, waste •Variety of feedstock options

22

Execution in the US will be very different from Europe
•Size
•Feedstocks
•Regulation (8+ agencies !)
•Project Development/Finance
•Economics
•Biogas use (CNG vs. Electric)
•Digestate as Fertilizer

23

Trash to Treasure:Waste-to-energy as next fuel source?

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