Dr. John Oakes is on a teaching trip to Bangkok, Udon, Phnom Penh, Siem Riap, Ho Chi Minh (Saigon) and Manila for the next three weeks. He will be posting pictures and a report, as well as lesson outlines and audio every couple of days. Contact him if you are in one of these cities and want to attend at john.oakes@gcccd.edu

1. The Book of HebrewsThe Book of Hebrews
John Oakes,John Oakes,
BangkokBangkok
January, 2015January, 2015

2. By calling this covenant “new,”
he has made the first one
obsolete; and what is obsolete
and aging will soon disappear.
Hebrews 8:13
AD 70

3. Introduction cont.Introduction cont.
• Purpose: To give heart to Christians who have enduredPurpose: To give heart to Christians who have endured
but are being tempted to waver in their faith.but are being tempted to waver in their faith.
– Warnings against “falling away.”Warnings against “falling away.”
• Theme: The preeminence of Jesus Christ!!!Theme: The preeminence of Jesus Christ!!!
– His deityHis deity
– The greatness of his ministryThe greatness of his ministry
– The greatness of his sacrificeThe greatness of his sacrifice
– The greatness of his covenantThe greatness of his covenant

4. Outline of HebrewsOutline of Hebrews
• 1:1-2:18 Jesus is greater than the angels:1:1-2:18 Jesus is greater than the angels: ThereforeTherefore let us paylet us pay
attention.attention.
• 3:1-4:13 Jesus is greater than Moses:3:1-4:13 Jesus is greater than Moses: ThereforeTherefore let us persevere.let us persevere.
• 4:14-6:12 The priesthood of Jesus is greater than the priesthood4:14-6:12 The priesthood of Jesus is greater than the priesthood
of Aaron:of Aaron: ThereforeTherefore let us move on to maturity.let us move on to maturity.
• 6:13-7:28 Jesus is the Great High Priest “in the order of6:13-7:28 Jesus is the Great High Priest “in the order of
Melchizedek.”Melchizedek.”
• 8:1-10:39 Jesus is the author of a better covenant than that of8:1-10:39 Jesus is the author of a better covenant than that of
Moses:Moses: ThereforeTherefore let us persevere to the end.let us persevere to the end.
• 11:1-12:29 A practical example of endurance: The faithful cloud11:1-12:29 A practical example of endurance: The faithful cloud
of witnesses:of witnesses: ThereforeTherefore accept God’s discipline in your life.accept God’s discipline in your life.
• 13:1-25 Summary and final advice.13:1-25 Summary and final advice.

5. Things to look for in HebrewsThings to look for in Hebrews
(Think about the purpose and the theme)(Think about the purpose and the theme)
• Things about Jesus which make him awesome.Things about Jesus which make him awesome.
– ““better” 13 times, “perfect” (teleon)15 times.better” 13 times, “perfect” (teleon)15 times.
• ““Let us” exhortations.Let us” exhortations.
– Hebrews 4:1 let us be carefulHebrews 4:1 let us be careful
– Hebrews 4:11 let us, therefore, make every effortHebrews 4:11 let us, therefore, make every effort
– Hebrews 4:14 let us hold firmly to the faith we professHebrews 4:14 let us hold firmly to the faith we profess
– Etc. Hebrews 4:16, 6:1, 10:22,23,24,25 12:1,2 12:28Etc. Hebrews 4:16, 6:1, 10:22,23,24,25 12:1,2 12:28
– 13:13, 1513:13, 15

6. Let’s Start!Let’s Start!
• Prologue: Hebrews 1:1-4Prologue: Hebrews 1:1-4
• In the past, God spoke through the prophets…In the past, God spoke through the prophets…
• But now, he speaks to us by his son!!!But now, he speaks to us by his son!!!
• Jesus is greater than the prophets.Jesus is greater than the prophets.

7. Heb 1:2,3 The Greatness of God’s SonHeb 1:2,3 The Greatness of God’s Son
great, amazing, excellent, unique, overpowering, beautiful, impressive,great, amazing, excellent, unique, overpowering, beautiful, impressive,
beyond imagination, mind-blowing, jaw-dropping, spectacular,……beyond imagination, mind-blowing, jaw-dropping, spectacular,……
• He will inherit everything (Col 1:15, Romans 8:17)He will inherit everything (Col 1:15, Romans 8:17)
– Our inheritance is through his inheritance.Our inheritance is through his inheritance.
• The universe was made through (and for) Him. (John 1:3)The universe was made through (and for) Him. (John 1:3)
• He is the radiance of the glory of God. (John 8:12)He is the radiance of the glory of God. (John 8:12)
– Apaugasma =Apaugasma = effulgence, shining fortheffulgence, shining forth
• He is the image of God (John 1:18)He is the image of God (John 1:18)
– CharacterCharacter = wax seal, exact representation. God revealed himself.= wax seal, exact representation. God revealed himself.
• He sustains all thingsHe sustains all things
– beginning (Creator) middle (Sustainer) end (Inheritor) of all.beginning (Creator) middle (Sustainer) end (Inheritor) of all.
• He provided purification for sinHe provided purification for sin
• He mediates for us at God’s right handHe mediates for us at God’s right hand

8. 1:4-14 Jesus is greater than the angels1:4-14 Jesus is greater than the angels
• Angel = messenger, mediator GreekAngel = messenger, mediator Greek aggeloiaggeloi HebrewHebrew
malakimmalakim
– Archangels Michael (Daniel 10:21) Gabriel (Daniel 8:16, Luke 1:19)Archangels Michael (Daniel 10:21) Gabriel (Daniel 8:16, Luke 1:19)
– Evil angels who controlled Greece and Persia (Daniel 10:20)Evil angels who controlled Greece and Persia (Daniel 10:20)
– An angel destroys Jerusalem (2 Sam 24)An angel destroys Jerusalem (2 Sam 24)
– Cherubim (Ezekiel 10, Genesis 3:24)Cherubim (Ezekiel 10, Genesis 3:24)
– Seraphim (Isaiah 6:6)Seraphim (Isaiah 6:6)
– Guardian angels (Matthew 18:10)Guardian angels (Matthew 18:10)
– Satan is a “fallen angel”?Satan is a “fallen angel”?
– Myriads upon myriads… (Daniel 7:10)Myriads upon myriads… (Daniel 7:10)
– Jewish ideas…Jewish ideas…

9. 1:4-14 Jesus is greater than the angels1:4-14 Jesus is greater than the angels
• Angel = messenger, mediator Greek aggeloi HebrewAngel = messenger, mediator Greek aggeloi Hebrew
malakimmalakim
• v. 5,6 A greater name (position, rank): God’s SONv. 5,6 A greater name (position, rank): God’s SON
• v. 7-11 Angels are temporary, changing (winds and fires),v. 7-11 Angels are temporary, changing (winds and fires),
but Jesus is unchanging and eternal.but Jesus is unchanging and eternal.
• v. 12,13 Angels are ministering spirits. Jesus is the onev. 12,13 Angels are ministering spirits. Jesus is the one
ministered to. Why worship a worshipper?ministered to. Why worship a worshipper?
• Application: Do not admire the messenger, admire theApplication: Do not admire the messenger, admire the
sender of the message; Jesus Christ.sender of the message; Jesus Christ.

10. 2:1-18 Exhortation #1 Pay careful attention!2:1-18 Exhortation #1 Pay careful attention!
• ““pay attention” =pay attention” = prosecheinprosechein = to fix, moor a ship.= to fix, moor a ship.
• ““drift away” =drift away” = pararreinpararrein = to slip away, as with the tides, by= to slip away, as with the tides, by
careless inattention.careless inattention.
• violation =violation = parabasis =parabasis = outright rebellionoutright rebellion
• disobedience =disobedience = parakoe =parakoe = careless hearing or unwillingnesscareless hearing or unwillingness
to hearto hear
• The point: If the Jews had to pay attention to a LawThe point: If the Jews had to pay attention to a Law
delivered by angels, and if they faced capital punishmentdelivered by angels, and if they faced capital punishment
for not listening, how much more ought we to pay attentionfor not listening, how much more ought we to pay attention
to Jesus, and how much more great a punishment if we doto Jesus, and how much more great a punishment if we do
not.not.
• LISTEN UP!!!LISTEN UP!!!

11. Question:Question:
• Heb 2:3 How might we “ignore (neglect)
such a great salvation?”

12. Because Jesus Became Like Us…Because Jesus Became Like Us…
• v.10 Because he suffered like us we are savedv.10 Because he suffered like us we are saved
• v. 11 Because he came here, we are “of the same family.”v. 11 Because he came here, we are “of the same family.”
• v. 14 Because he shared our humanity, we are no longerv. 14 Because he shared our humanity, we are no longer
slavesslaves
• v. 16 Because he is like us, he is a merciful high priest.v. 16 Because he is like us, he is a merciful high priest.
• v. 17 Because he suffered, he can relate and help those whov. 17 Because he suffered, he can relate and help those who
are tempted.are tempted.

13. Heb 2:10, 12:2 The importance of Jesus’Heb 2:10, 12:2 The importance of Jesus’
humanity and his suffering.humanity and his suffering.
• ArchegosArchegos Jesus is author, founder, pioneer, source, origin;Jesus is author, founder, pioneer, source, origin;
the one who goes first both to make and to point the waythe one who goes first both to make and to point the way
for us.for us.
• TeleiosTeleios Jesus is the perfecter, the completer. He is the oneJesus is the perfecter, the completer. He is the one
who points the way, but he is also the one who completeswho points the way, but he is also the one who completes
the journey toward perfection. He is our perfecter throughthe journey toward perfection. He is our perfecter through
suffering.suffering.
• In becoming human, Jesus forged a way for us into theIn becoming human, Jesus forged a way for us into the
presence of God.presence of God.
• The Point: Jesus is both the initiator and the completer ofThe Point: Jesus is both the initiator and the completer of
our salvation. Everything depends on Jesus, not us.our salvation. Everything depends on Jesus, not us.

14. Jesus is Greater Than MosesJesus is Greater Than Moses
• Hebrews 1:1-3 Jesus greater than all theHebrews 1:1-3 Jesus greater than all the
prophets before him.prophets before him.
• Hebrews 1:4-14 Jesus is greater than theHebrews 1:4-14 Jesus is greater than the
angels.angels.
• Hebrews 3:1-5 Jesus is greater than Moses.Hebrews 3:1-5 Jesus is greater than Moses.

15. Parallels Between Moses and Jesus
Moses
Jesus
Pharaoh tried to kill him
Herod tried to kill him
Called by God to leave Egypt Carried out of Egypt
Forty years in the wilderness to
prepare por his ministry
Forty days in the wilderness to
prepare for his ministry
Left his position with the king
of Egypt to dwell with the Jews
Left the right hand of the
Father to life with the Jews
Led Israel out of slavery in Egypt Leads Spiritual Israel out of sin
Aaron prepared the way
John the Baptist prepared the
way
Baptized Israel in the Red Sea
in order to free them
Commands baptism in water
for freedom from sin
Gave manna in the wilderness
(sort of)
Gives spiritual bread to all who
hunger
Gave water to the people in the desert Gives spiritual water: the Holy Spirit
Spoke to God on Mt. Sinai Spoke to God on Mt. Hermon

16. Jesus: a new and better MosesJesus: a new and better Moses
Moses a household servant (v.5) Jesus owns the house (v. 6)
Moses faithful in God’s house Jesus faithful over God’s house
•Moses received the Law Jesus is the Law
•Moses gave them bread Jesus is the bread

17. Exhortation #2Exhortation #2
• Do not harden your hearts. (Hebrews 3:8)Do not harden your hearts. (Hebrews 3:8)
• Do not turn away. (Hebrews 3:12)Do not turn away. (Hebrews 3:12)
• Do not let your bodies fall in the desert. (HebrewsDo not let your bodies fall in the desert. (Hebrews
3:17)3:17)
• Do not fall short. (Hebrews 4:1)Do not fall short. (Hebrews 4:1)
• Make every effort to enterMake every effort to enter (do not rest). (Hebrews(do not rest). (Hebrews
4:11)4:11)

18.
Historical type/antitype in the Exodus
OLD TESTAMENT
TYPE
NEW TESTAMENT
ANTITYPE
SLAVERY IN
EGYPT
LOST, SLAVE TO
SIN
WANDERING IN
THE WILDERNESS
SAVED, BUT
LIVING THE LIFE
OF A DISCIPLE
ENTERING THE
PROMISED LAND
ENTERING
HEAVEN

19. Our Goal:Our Goal:
• A Sabbath rest with God.A Sabbath rest with God. katapausiskatapausis
• Sabbath-rest = with God in heavenSabbath-rest = with God in heaven
• The point: You will rest in heaven. Do not startThe point: You will rest in heaven. Do not start
resting now!resting now!

20. Question: In what ways are you tempted toQuestion: In what ways are you tempted to
rest now, rather than in heaven?rest now, rather than in heaven?

21. What is at stake? Everything!What is at stake? Everything!
• They shall never enter my rest 3:11, 4:5They shall never enter my rest 3:11, 4:5
• We have come to share in ChristWe have come to share in Christ if we hold firmly to the endif we hold firmly to the end
the confidence we had at first.the confidence we had at first. 3:143:14
• They were not able to enter because of their unbelief 3:19They were not able to enter because of their unbelief 3:19
• Some… did not go in because of their obedience 4:6Some… did not go in because of their obedience 4:6
• So that no one will fall by following their example ofSo that no one will fall by following their example of
disobedience 4:11disobedience 4:11
• Do you get the point?Do you get the point?

22. IV Jesus the Great High PriestIV Jesus the Great High Priest
• Like a High priest:Like a High priest:
– Can relate to us (Heb 4:15)Can relate to us (Heb 4:15)
– Makes intercession before God for us (Heb 4:16)Makes intercession before God for us (Heb 4:16)
– Offer gifts (fragrant offerings) and sacrifices (sin, guilt offering) (Heb 5:1)Offer gifts (fragrant offerings) and sacrifices (sin, guilt offering) (Heb 5:1)
– Selected by God from men (Heb 5:1,4-5)Selected by God from men (Heb 5:1,4-5)
– Represents man to God (Heb 5:1)Represents man to God (Heb 5:1)
• Greater than any High PriestGreater than any High Priest
– Serves in the Heavenly Tabernacle, not the earthly one. (Heb 4:14)Serves in the Heavenly Tabernacle, not the earthly one. (Heb 4:14)
– Tempted, yet was without sin. (Heb 4:15)Tempted, yet was without sin. (Heb 4:15)
– Did not need to offer sacrifices for his own sin. (Heb 5:3)Did not need to offer sacrifices for his own sin. (Heb 5:3)
– A priest forever (Heb 5:6)A priest forever (Heb 5:6)
– A priest from the order of Melchizedek (Heb 5:6)A priest from the order of Melchizedek (Heb 5:6)
– Brings us into the real inner sanctuary. (Heb 4:16)Brings us into the real inner sanctuary. (Heb 4:16)

23. A wonderful word…A wonderful word…
metriopatheiametriopatheia Heb 5:2Heb 5:2
Empathy, Sympathetic feeling,Empathy, Sympathetic feeling,
Bear with people without becoming angryBear with people without becoming angry
Completely unlike the Greek concept of GodCompletely unlike the Greek concept of God
God cannot possibly feel anything or he is weak.God cannot possibly feel anything or he is weak.

24. Exhortation #3Exhortation #3
• Grow up!Grow up!
• Move on to maturity.Move on to maturity.
• Mature in life and docrine (1 Timothy 4:16)Mature in life and docrine (1 Timothy 4:16)
• Do not beDo not be nothrosnothros (slow-moving in mind, torpid, witlessly(slow-moving in mind, torpid, witlessly
forgetful, dull of hearing)forgetful, dull of hearing)
• Are you on a diet of milk?Are you on a diet of milk?
• Grow up both in the knowledge (v. 12) and the practice (v.Grow up both in the knowledge (v. 12) and the practice (v.
14) of holiness.14) of holiness.

25. Hebrews 6:4-6 Who is he talking to?Hebrews 6:4-6 Who is he talking to?
• a. been enlightened (NT church “enlightened” =a. been enlightened (NT church “enlightened” =
baptized)baptized)
• b. tasted the heavenly gift (salvation?)b. tasted the heavenly gift (salvation?)
• c. shared in the Holy Spiritc. shared in the Holy Spirit
• d. tasted the goodness of the wordd. tasted the goodness of the word
• e. tasted the coming age (saved)e. tasted the coming age (saved)
• Yes, you can fall away! Conclusion: You hadYes, you can fall away! Conclusion: You had
better move on toward maturity in Christ.better move on toward maturity in Christ.

26. Hebrews 6:4-8Hebrews 6:4-8
• It isIt is impossibleimpossible… if they fall away, to be brought back to… if they fall away, to be brought back to
repentance.repentance.
• They are crucifying the Son of God all over again.They are crucifying the Son of God all over again.
• Land that produces thorns… will be burned.Land that produces thorns… will be burned.

27. Falling AwayFalling Away
• Crucifying the Son of God all over again.Crucifying the Son of God all over again.
• Subjecting Jesus to public disgraceSubjecting Jesus to public disgrace
• Trampling the Son of God under foot. (Heb 10:29)Trampling the Son of God under foot. (Heb 10:29)
• Insulted the Holy Spirit (Heb 10:29)Insulted the Holy Spirit (Heb 10:29)
• Blasphemed (spoken against) the Holy Spirit (Matt 12:32)Blasphemed (spoken against) the Holy Spirit (Matt 12:32)
• Committed the unforgivable sin (1 John 5:16)Committed the unforgivable sin (1 John 5:16)
• What is the “unforgivable sin?” To willfully, deliberatelyWhat is the “unforgivable sin?” To willfully, deliberately
continue in sin. (Hebrews 10:26)continue in sin. (Hebrews 10:26)

28. The solutionThe solution
• Grow. Move on to maturity. (5:11-6:4)Grow. Move on to maturity. (5:11-6:4)
• Persevere in your faith. (6:9-6:20)Persevere in your faith. (6:9-6:20)
Hebrews 6:9-20 God’s Assurance
Two unchangeable things:
God’s Word
God’s Oath (Genesis 22:16-18)
Jesus, your anchor, is behind the veil
with the Father

29. V. The Priesthood of Jesus is greater thanV. The Priesthood of Jesus is greater than
the Levitical/Aaronic Priesthood.the Levitical/Aaronic Priesthood.
I Jesus is greater than all the prophetsI Jesus is greater than all the prophets
II Jesus is greater than the angelsII Jesus is greater than the angels
III Jesus is greater than MosesIII Jesus is greater than Moses
IV Jesus the great High PriestIV Jesus the great High Priest
V The Priesthood of Melchizedek is greater than theV The Priesthood of Melchizedek is greater than the
Priesthood of AaronPriesthood of Aaron
VI (and Jesus is greater than Abraham)VI (and Jesus is greater than Abraham)

30. Melchizedek: An interesting guy!Melchizedek: An interesting guy!
• Without genealogy, without descendents. (Hebrews 7:3)Without genealogy, without descendents. (Hebrews 7:3)
• ““Without beginning of days or end of life” (Hebrews 7:3)Without beginning of days or end of life” (Hebrews 7:3)
• A priest forever. (Hebrews 7:3, Psalm 110:4)A priest forever. (Hebrews 7:3, Psalm 110:4)
• The King of Salem (Jerusalem) (Genesis 14:18)The King of Salem (Jerusalem) (Genesis 14:18)
• A priest, but not of the family of Levi. (Heb 7:6)A priest, but not of the family of Levi. (Heb 7:6)
• He blessed Abraham. (Genesis 14:19)He blessed Abraham. (Genesis 14:19)
• Abraham offered him a tithe/sacrifice (Genesis 14:20).Abraham offered him a tithe/sacrifice (Genesis 14:20).
• A priest “forever” (Heb 7:3, Psalm 110:4)A priest “forever” (Heb 7:3, Psalm 110:4)

31. Melchizedek: Prefigure of ChristMelchizedek: Prefigure of Christ
• Melchizedek means King of Righteousness.Melchizedek means King of Righteousness.
• King of Salem means King (prince?) of Peace.King of Salem means King (prince?) of Peace.
• The King of physical Jerusalem.The King of physical Jerusalem.
• Without beginning or end of days.Without beginning or end of days.
• Without descendants.Without descendants.
• High Priest because of his character, not by descent.High Priest because of his character, not by descent.
• Greater than Abraham (Heb 7:4, John 8:53-58).Greater than Abraham (Heb 7:4, John 8:53-58).
• Gave Abraham bread and wine (last supper, Lord’s Supper)Gave Abraham bread and wine (last supper, Lord’s Supper)
• Not a Levite (not even a Jew!)Not a Levite (not even a Jew!)
• A priest for everyone; not just for the Jews.A priest for everyone; not just for the Jews.
• A priest and a king.A priest and a king.

32. What is a Priest?What is a Priest?
• AA PontifexPontifex Literally, a bridge-builder. A mediator.Literally, a bridge-builder. A mediator.
An advocate. A representative. One who giveAn advocate. A representative. One who give
access.access.
• The bridge before Jesus:The bridge before Jesus:
– The LawThe Law
– The Priest and the Sacrificial SystemThe Priest and the Sacrificial System
– But they did not work, and that is the point of HebrewsBut they did not work, and that is the point of Hebrews
7-97-9

33. The Argument of the Hebrew WriterThe Argument of the Hebrew Writer
• Abraham offered him a tithe/sacrifice The lesserAbraham offered him a tithe/sacrifice The lesser
priesthood (Abraham, Levi) offers to the greaterpriesthood (Abraham, Levi) offers to the greater
(Melchizedek, Jesus). Hebrews 7:5-9.(Melchizedek, Jesus). Hebrews 7:5-9.
• This prefigures the fact that a new priesthood and a newThis prefigures the fact that a new priesthood and a new
law was required. Hebrews 7:11-16law was required. Hebrews 7:11-16
• Why? The old priests died (v. 23-25), and they were notWhy? The old priests died (v. 23-25), and they were not
perfect (v. 26-28).perfect (v. 26-28).
• Melchizedek a priest forever by an oath from GodMelchizedek a priest forever by an oath from God
(remember Hebrews 6:17-18) Hebrews 7:21-22.(remember Hebrews 6:17-18) Hebrews 7:21-22.

34. Conclusion:Conclusion:
• Hebrews 7:28 The law appoints as high priestsHebrews 7:28 The law appoints as high priests
men who are weak, but the oath, which camemen who are weak, but the oath, which came
after the law, appointed the Son, who has beenafter the law, appointed the Son, who has been
made perfect forever.made perfect forever.
• Hebrews 7:22 Jesus has become the guaranteeHebrews 7:22 Jesus has become the guarantee
of a better covenant.of a better covenant.

35. Chapter 8 – 10:18 From Shadow to RealityChapter 8 – 10:18 From Shadow to Reality
Hebrews 10:1Hebrews 10:1
• We have already seen that the Aaronic priesthoodWe have already seen that the Aaronic priesthood
was a foreshadow of Jesus’ priesthood.was a foreshadow of Jesus’ priesthood.
Therefore;Therefore;
1. The First Covenant was a foreshadow of the New1. The First Covenant was a foreshadow of the New
Covenant (ch 8).Covenant (ch 8).
2. The Jewish Tabernacle was a foreshadow of the2. The Jewish Tabernacle was a foreshadow of the
Heavenly Tabernacle (Hebrews 9:1-11).Heavenly Tabernacle (Hebrews 9:1-11).
3.Old Covenant sacrifices were a foreshadow of New3.Old Covenant sacrifices were a foreshadow of New
Covenant sacrifice: The blood of Jesus. (HebrewsCovenant sacrifice: The blood of Jesus. (Hebrews
9:12-10:18)9:12-10:18)

36. Hebrews 8 A Better CovenantHebrews 8 A Better Covenant
• 8:5 A copy (8:5 A copy (hupodeigmahupodeigma sketch-plan, diorama) and asketch-plan, diorama) and a
shadow (shadow (skiaskia shadow, reflection silhouette)shadow, reflection silhouette)
• 8:3 Better gifts and better sacrifices8:3 Better gifts and better sacrifices
• 8:5 Follow the exact pattern.8:5 Follow the exact pattern.
• 8:6-12 A better covenant8:6-12 A better covenant
• 8:13 The old covenant is about to disapear (AD 70)8:13 The old covenant is about to disapear (AD 70)

37. Model of The Jewish Tabernacle

38. Hebrews 9:1-11 A Better TabernacleHebrews 9:1-11 A Better Tabernacle
• Holy Place, table, menorah, incense altar, curtain, ark,Holy Place, table, menorah, incense altar, curtain, ark,
mercy seat, cherubim, etc…mercy seat, cherubim, etc…
• These are only physical things.These are only physical things.
• 9:7 Only for sins committed “in ignorance.”9:7 Only for sins committed “in ignorance.”
• 9:11 Jesus Christ is in a much better tabernacle—one in9:11 Jesus Christ is in a much better tabernacle—one in
heaven!heaven!

39. Coming Into the Presence of GodComing Into the Presence of God
• The Jewish men could only come up to the gate.The Jewish men could only come up to the gate.
• The Levites could only come into the courtyard.The Levites could only come into the courtyard.
• The Priests could enter the Holy Place.The Priests could enter the Holy Place.
• The High Priest could enter the Holy of Holies one day aThe High Priest could enter the Holy of Holies one day a
year, for just a few minutes, after sprinkling blood all overyear, for just a few minutes, after sprinkling blood all over
the Holy Place and into the Holy of Holies for his own sin.the Holy Place and into the Holy of Holies for his own sin.
• Us: Hebrews 10:19Us: Hebrews 10:19

40. A Better SacrificeA Better Sacrifice
Q: Were the Jews saved by observing the Law ofQ: Were the Jews saved by observing the Law of
Moses?Moses?
• Hebrews 10:4 It is impossible for the blood of bulls andHebrews 10:4 It is impossible for the blood of bulls and
goats to take away sins.goats to take away sins.
• Hebrews 10:11 …the same sacrifices which can never takeHebrews 10:11 …the same sacrifices which can never take
away sins…away sins…
• Rev 13:8 From God’s perspective, Jesus was slain from theRev 13:8 From God’s perspective, Jesus was slain from the
creation of the world.creation of the world.
• Answer: yes…. and no…..Answer: yes…. and no…..

41. Sacrificial Type and Antitype
Old Testament
Sacrifice
New Testament
fulfillment
Scriptures
Sweet Savor
Offerings
(gifts)
The Burnt
Offering
Jesus’ and our
devotion to God
Ephesians 5:1,2
Romans 12:1,2
The Grain Offering Giving back a
contribution to God
Matthew 6:19-21
Romans 8,9
The Drink Offering Pouring out our life for
God
Luke 22:20
Philippians 2:16
The Fellowship
Offering
Celebrating our
blessings from God
John 10:10
1 Thess 5:16
Blood
Sacrifices
The Sin Offering Jesus’ sacrifice for
our sins
1 Peter 1:18,19
2 Corinthians 5:21
The Guilt
Offering
Maintaining a
relationship with one
another
Matthew 5:23,24

42. A Better SacrificeA Better Sacrifice
Hebrews 9:23 It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly thingsHebrews 9:23 It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly things
to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things with betterto be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things with better
sacrifices than thesesacrifices than these
The lesser sacrifice (bulls,
goats, ashes of heifer)
The better sacrifice (Jesus)
Outward (appearance) Inward (spiritual)
Temporary (repeated many
times)
Eternal (only done once)
Ceremonial Real
Not voluntary Voluntary
Mechanical Spontaneous
Unaware Rational, aware

43. The Greatness of JesusThe Greatness of Jesus
I Jesus is greater than all the prophetsI Jesus is greater than all the prophets
II Jesus is greater than the angelsII Jesus is greater than the angels
III Jesus is greater than MosesIII Jesus is greater than Moses
IV Jesus the great High PriestIV Jesus the great High Priest
V The Priesthood of Melchizedek is superior to the Priesthood ofV The Priesthood of Melchizedek is superior to the Priesthood of
AaronAaron
VI Jesus is greater than AbrahamVI Jesus is greater than Abraham
VII The New Covenant (in and through Jesus) is superior to theVII The New Covenant (in and through Jesus) is superior to the
Old Covenant (through Moses)Old Covenant (through Moses)
VIII The heavenly Tabernacle is greater than the earthly Tabernacle.VIII The heavenly Tabernacle is greater than the earthly Tabernacle.
IX The sacrifice of Jesus is of far greater worth than the OTIX The sacrifice of Jesus is of far greater worth than the OT
sacrificessacrifices

44. Exhortation #4 A Summary ExhortationExhortation #4 A Summary Exhortation
• Exhortation #1 Pay attention Heb 2:1-18Exhortation #1 Pay attention Heb 2:1-18
• Exhortation #2 Do not turn back. Persevere Heb 3:6-4:13Exhortation #2 Do not turn back. Persevere Heb 3:6-4:13
• Exhortation #3 Grow up. Become mature Heb 5:11-6:20Exhortation #3 Grow up. Become mature Heb 5:11-6:20
• Exhortation #4 Summary exhortation. Hebrews 10:19-12:29Exhortation #4 Summary exhortation. Hebrews 10:19-12:29

45. Summary ExhortationSummary Exhortation
• 10:19-22 Let us draw near [to God]10:19-22 Let us draw near [to God]
• 10:2310:23 Let usLet us hold to our confession of hopehold to our confession of hope
without waveringwithout wavering
• 10:2410:24 Let usLet us be concerned about one anotherbe concerned about one another
and encourage one another toward love andand encourage one another toward love and
good deedsgood deeds
• 10:2510:25 Let usLet us not stop meeting together.not stop meeting together.
• 10:2510:25 Let usLet us encourage one another.encourage one another.

46. Hebrews 10:26-31 The Horror of Sin:Hebrews 10:26-31 The Horror of Sin:
Falling AwayFalling Away
• V. 26 hekousisV. 26 hekousis deliberate, habitual, willful sindeliberate, habitual, willful sin
• V. 26 No sacrifice for sins is left. Why?V. 26 No sacrifice for sins is left. Why?
• V. 29 Trampled the Son of God under foot.V. 29 Trampled the Son of God under foot.
• V. 29 Insulted the Spirit of Grace.V. 29 Insulted the Spirit of Grace.
• It is mine to avenge. I will repay (Deut 32:35) It is aIt is mine to avenge. I will repay (Deut 32:35) It is a
dreadful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.dreadful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.

47. Hebrews 11 Heroes of the FaithHebrews 11 Heroes of the Faith
The key to perseverence is faithThe key to perseverence is faith
Heb 11:1 Faith is being certain of what we do not see.Heb 11:1 Faith is being certain of what we do not see.
It requires that we deny our senses.It requires that we deny our senses.
Heb 11:3 What is seen was not made from the visibleHeb 11:3 What is seen was not made from the visible
Heb 11:6 Faith… must believe that he exists and that heHeb 11:6 Faith… must believe that he exists and that he
rewards those who earnestly seek him.rewards those who earnestly seek him.

48. Why were these men and women commended byWhy were these men and women commended by
God?God?
• They refused what the world calls greatness andThey refused what the world calls greatness and
staked everything on God.staked everything on God.
• They chose what is unseen rather than what is seen.They chose what is unseen rather than what is seen.
Lesson: In many ways, our worst enemy is success andLesson: In many ways, our worst enemy is success and
prosperity. What the world seeks is what will destroyprosperity. What the world seeks is what will destroy
everything that is important.everything that is important.
Example: Shadrach, Meshach and AbednegoExample: Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego
Daniel Ch. 3 What could they see?????Daniel Ch. 3 What could they see?????

49. By Faith….By Faith….
• By faith Abel gave a better sacrifice.By faith Abel gave a better sacrifice.
• By faith Enoch pleased God.By faith Enoch pleased God.
• By faith Noah built the ark, condemned the worldBy faith Noah built the ark, condemned the world
and saved his familyand saved his family

50. By Faith….By Faith….
• By faith Abraham left everything behind….By faith Abraham left everything behind….
• By faith Abraham became the father ofBy faith Abraham became the father of
many nations.many nations.
• By faith Abraham offered up his one andBy faith Abraham offered up his one and
only son.only son.

51. Chrysostom on AbrahamChrysostom on Abraham
““The things of God seemed to fight against theThe things of God seemed to fight against the
things of God and faith fought with faith and thethings of God and faith fought with faith and the
commandment fought with the promise”commandment fought with the promise”
Yet…. Abraham obeyed the command.Yet…. Abraham obeyed the command.
Heb 11:19 HeHeb 11:19 He ReasonedReasoned

52. We Need to Follow Abraham…We Need to Follow Abraham…
• Out of UrOut of Ur
• To Mt. MoriahTo Mt. Moriah

53. Those of whom the world was not worthyThose of whom the world was not worthy
• Hebrews 11:13 Still living by faith (not by sight) when theyHebrews 11:13 Still living by faith (not by sight) when they
died.died.
• xenoixenoi foriegners, aliens, strangers, refugees in this world.foriegners, aliens, strangers, refugees in this world.
• parepidemosparepidemos sojourners, temporary residents, green cardsojourners, temporary residents, green card
holders, people who do not put down roots.holders, people who do not put down roots.
• Lived by faith despite never seeing the promise fulfilled.Lived by faith despite never seeing the promise fulfilled.
• Therefore, God is not ashamed to call them his.Therefore, God is not ashamed to call them his.

54. Diognetus (2Diognetus (2ndnd
Century Apologist)Century Apologist)
• The Christians dwell in cities of Greeks and barbarians asThe Christians dwell in cities of Greeks and barbarians as
the lot of each is cast, and follow the native customs inthe lot of each is cast, and follow the native customs in
dress and food and other arrangements of life, yet thedress and food and other arrangements of life, yet the
constitution of their own citizenship, which they set forth,constitution of their own citizenship, which they set forth,
contradicts expectation. They dwell in their own countries,contradicts expectation. They dwell in their own countries,
but only as sojourners. They bear their share in all thingsbut only as sojourners. They bear their share in all things
as citizens and endure hardships as strangers. To them,as citizens and endure hardships as strangers. To them,
every country is a fatherland, and to them, every fatherlandevery country is a fatherland, and to them, every fatherland
a foreign country. They live on earth, but their home is ina foreign country. They live on earth, but their home is in
heaven. They love all men and are persecuted by all. Theirheaven. They love all men and are persecuted by all. Their
strangeness is not strange clothes or lack of technology. Itstrangeness is not strange clothes or lack of technology. It
is their embrace of an ethic the world considers nonsense.is their embrace of an ethic the world considers nonsense.

55. By Faith…By Faith…
• By faith Moses gave up worldly success andBy faith Moses gave up worldly success and
fortune.fortune.
• By faith Moses saved Israel.By faith Moses saved Israel.
• By faith the walls of Jericho fell.By faith the walls of Jericho fell.
• By faith ordinary people did great things forBy faith ordinary people did great things for
God.God.

56. More Men and Women of FaithMore Men and Women of Faith
• Shut the mouths of lions: Daniel.Shut the mouths of lions: Daniel.
• Quenched the fury of the flames: Shadrach, Meshach andQuenched the fury of the flames: Shadrach, Meshach and
AbednegoAbednego
• Escaped the edge of the sword: ElijahEscaped the edge of the sword: Elijah
• Women received back their dead: Elijah (1 Kings 17:17) andWomen received back their dead: Elijah (1 Kings 17:17) and
Elisha (2 Kings 4:8Elisha (2 Kings 4:8
• Stoned: Zechariah (2 Chron 24:20-22)Stoned: Zechariah (2 Chron 24:20-22)
• Sawn in two: Isaiah (Jewish legend)Sawn in two: Isaiah (Jewish legend)
• Put to death by the sword: (1 and 2 Maccabees)Put to death by the sword: (1 and 2 Maccabees)
• None of them received what was promised in theirNone of them received what was promised in their
lifetimes. None!!!lifetimes. None!!!

57. Hebrews Ch. 12 If They Can DoHebrews Ch. 12 If They Can Do It, So Can WeIt, So Can We
• Throw off what hinders: sin! (v. 1)Throw off what hinders: sin! (v. 1)
– What are you unwilling ot throw off?What are you unwilling ot throw off?
• Run with perseverence (v. 1)Run with perseverence (v. 1)
• Keep your eyes on the goal: in heaven with Jesus. (v. 2)Keep your eyes on the goal: in heaven with Jesus. (v. 2)
• Look at Jesus (and the cloud of faithful witnesses) (v. 2-3)Look at Jesus (and the cloud of faithful witnesses) (v. 2-3)
– The pioneer, trail blazer,The pioneer, trail blazer, archegos.archegos.
– The perfector, completer, race-finisher,The perfector, completer, race-finisher, teleios.teleios.
• Despise the shame of the cross (v. 4)Despise the shame of the cross (v. 4)
• Accept hardship as discipline from a loving father/God. (v. 5-11)Accept hardship as discipline from a loving father/God. (v. 5-11)
• Live at peace with all men, and do not let bitterness take root inLive at peace with all men, and do not let bitterness take root in
your life. (v. 14-17).your life. (v. 14-17).
– Do not harbor any sin—even a “small” one. Be holy (v. 14)Do not harbor any sin—even a “small” one. Be holy (v. 14)

58. Attitudes Toward Discipline are ImportantAttitudes Toward Discipline are Important
• Accept it with resignation.Accept it with resignation.
• Accept it and get it over with as soon as possible.Accept it and get it over with as soon as possible.
• Accept it with a “woe is me” attitude.Accept it with a “woe is me” attitude.
• Accept it but think of it as punishment.Accept it but think of it as punishment.
• Accept it as it is; discipline given reluctantly by a lovingAccept it as it is; discipline given reluctantly by a loving
Father who cares about you.Father who cares about you.

59. Esau:Esau:
A prefigure of Those Who Sell Out to the WorldA prefigure of Those Who Sell Out to the World
• Genesis 25:27-33.Genesis 25:27-33.
• Esau sold his birthright (as first son) for a bowl of lentilEsau sold his birthright (as first son) for a bowl of lentil
stew.stew.
• What will you sell your birthright for? Is it worth it?What will you sell your birthright for? Is it worth it?
• Later, Esau could not repent, even though he wanted to.Later, Esau could not repent, even though he wanted to.
• A stern warning against falling away.A stern warning against falling away.

60. The Mountain of the LordThe Mountain of the Lord
A Summary of the Whole ArgumentA Summary of the Whole Argument
• Blazing fire, darkness, gloom, blast of a trumpet. Do notBlazing fire, darkness, gloom, blast of a trumpet. Do not
touch the mountain. (Hebrews 12:18-21)touch the mountain. (Hebrews 12:18-21)
• Terror!Terror!
• Exodus 19. The giving of the Law to Moses at Mt. SinaiExodus 19. The giving of the Law to Moses at Mt. Sinai
• Not for us!Not for us!
• For us: Mt. Zion. The heavenly Jerusalem. The assemblyFor us: Mt. Zion. The heavenly Jerusalem. The assembly
of the first-born (Jacob, not Esau). God. Jesus. The Newof the first-born (Jacob, not Esau). God. Jesus. The New
Covenant. Heb 12:22-24)Covenant. Heb 12:22-24)
• We have come to a kingdom which cannot be shakenWe have come to a kingdom which cannot be shaken
(12:25-27)(12:25-27)

61. Heb 12:28 Summary of the summary.Heb 12:28 Summary of the summary.
• Therefore, since we are receiving a kingdom that cannot beTherefore, since we are receiving a kingdom that cannot be
shaken, let us be thankful, and so worship God acceptablyshaken, let us be thankful, and so worship God acceptably
with reverence and awe, for our God is a consuming fire.with reverence and awe, for our God is a consuming fire.

62. Hebrews 13: Final ExhortationsHebrews 13: Final Exhortations
1.1. Brotherly love Heb 13:1Brotherly love Heb 13:1
2. Hospitality Heb 13:22. Hospitality Heb 13:2
3. Sympathy for those in trouble. Heb 13:33. Sympathy for those in trouble. Heb 13:3
4. Sexual purity Heb 13: 44. Sexual purity Heb 13: 4
5. Christian contentment. Heb 13:5-65. Christian contentment. Heb 13:5-6
6. Respect for spiritual leaders and the mature. Heb 13:7-8, 176. Respect for spiritual leaders and the mature. Heb 13:7-8, 17
--Golden Rule Membership Judges 5:1Golden Rule Membership Judges 5:1