지난 4월 3일에 대전 KAIST 증강현실연구센터 콜로키움에서 발표한 자료입니다. ‘Digital Twin’ is a digital replication of real world objects, processes, phenomena that can be used for various purposes. Digital twin concept backs to manufacturing industry in early 2000s for the PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) purposes. It is based on the idea that a digital informational construct about a physical system could be created as an entity on its own. As cities are going through digital transformation, there are many attempts to apply digital twin concept to manage urban issues. Those attempts look set to play an increasingly important role in the creation of smart cities around the world and in addressing major public health, safety and environmental issues. Bringing the virtual and real worlds together in this way can help to give better analysis, visualization, and simulation to decision-making process. This will be a multi-way process with iterative feedback among stakeholders. In this colloquium, I talked about the recent trends of Smart City from the perspective of digital twin.

1. Smart City as a Digital Twin
Sanghee Shin(shshin@gaia3d.com)
Gaia3D, Inc.
3rd April 2019

2. Digital Twins
Digital Twins
A digital twin is a virtual representation of a physical object or system across its
lifecycle, using real-time data to enable understanding, learning and reasoning.
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3. Digital Twins
Concept: Digital Informational Construct
Vision: Create, Test, Build
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4. Digital Twin Levels
<Source: https://blog.lgcns.com/1864 >
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5. Digital Twin Level 1?
<Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_map>
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6. Digital Twin Level 2?
1958년 밀 생산 목표:
헥타르 당
4.2t -> 37.5t
중국 전역에서 쌀, 밀, 땅콩
수확 신기록 경신
모택동:
“인민들은 하루에 밥을
다섯 끼 먹으라!”
중국 공산당:
“농산물을 수출하여 공
업장비와 기술을 수입
하자!＂
결과:
1958년에서 1962년 동
안 3,500만~5,000만 명
굶주림으로 사망
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모니터링: 현실을 있는 그대로 안다는 것의 어려움

7. Digital Twin Level 3?
<Source: 2014년 5월 8일 중앙일보>
<Source: http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27299017>
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8. Smart City as a Digital Twin
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9. Cyber Physical Systems
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10. The Rise of Digital Twins in Smart Cities
<Source: https://www.smartcitiesworld.net/special-reports/special-reports/the-rise-of-digital-twins-in-smart-cities>
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11. Past Future
Concept Object Information Context Awareness
Data Consumer Prosumer/DIY
User Person Things
Visualization Real World Cyber Physical Systems
Application Base Map Key Factor for Fusion
Driving Entity Public Sector Private Sector
Space Outdoor Indoor + Outdoor +
Update Cycle Static Dynamic
<Source: Hosang Sagong(2016), ‘Policy Directions of Spatial Information for Hyper-connected Society’ modified>
GeoSpatial Paradigm Shift
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12. 3D Data Capturing
<Source: 스마트 공간정보 기술개발 기획연구>
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13. GeoBIM
GIS
CityGML
GeospatialInformation
GISStandards
IFC
BIM
OutdoorModel
IndoorModel
BIMStandards
Construction
DrawingsInfo.
In/Outdoor
GIModel
(GeospatialInformation
Model)
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14. GeoBIM
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15. <Source: Steve Liang(2016)>
Location is the first class
citizen for IoT!
Location Technology Evolution
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16. Location Technology Evolution
Size of Space
Update Cycle
Small
1980
1990
2000
2010 ~
2020
Large
Static
Dynamic
<Source: Sakong, Hosang(2016), Policy Directions of Spatial Information for Hyper-connected Society> 16

17. Sensors, sensors, and sensors…
감각 기관
기억
지능
IoT(Internet of Things)
Big Data
A. I.
Smartizen(10Bn) Smart Devices(100Bn) Smart Sensor(100Tn)
<Source: 이상훈(2016), ‘ICT 기술 파도와 4차 산업혁명’을 수정, 재편집> 17

18. Live Data GIS
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19. Analysis, Prediction, and Simulation
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20. Analysis, Prediction, and Simulation
CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics): Modeling and predicting air quality and pollution. 20

21. Analysis, Prediction, and Simulation
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22. 22
Key Words
Location + Feature + Sensor
Point Cloud + Realistic Mesh +
Semantic Model + Volumetric Data + Live Data +
Visualization + Simulation + IoT + Analytics +
…

23. Analysis
Visualization
Simulation
Smart City as a Digital Twin
Static/
Dynamic
Overground / Underground
Indoor/
Outdoor
Objects/
Phenomena
Multi-Sensor/
Multi-Source
<Source: https://www.arcweb.com/ja/node/149> 23

24. Thank you!
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Sanghee Shin shshin@gaia3d.com