Biologi Umum semester 1 pendidikan Biologi Sistem Reproduksi

2. Male
Reproductive
System

3. Reproductive Anatomy of the Human
Male.
• External:
- penis
- scrotum
• Internal:
- gonads
- accessory sex glands and ducts.
Human reproduction involves intricate
anatomy and complex behavior

4. Male Reproductive System

5. Testis

6. Male Reproductive System

7. External structure of the
penis:
• glans penis
• prepuce (foreskin)

8. Testis are the male gonads.
• seminiferous tubules- form sperm
• Leydig cells (interstitial cells)- produce
androgens (ex. Testosterone, ABP).

9. Testes are located in the scrotum,
outside the body cavity.
• This keeps testicular temperature cooler
than the body cavity.
• The testes develop in the body cavity and
descend into the scrotum just before birth.

10. •Sperm Pathway
Prostatic urethra
Membranous
urethra

11. Semen
• Seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and
alkaline.
• It contains mucus, fructose, a coagulating
enzyme, ascorbic acid, and
prostaglandins.
• Accessory glands:
1.seminal vesicle
2.prostate gland
3.bulbourethral gland

12. Seminal Vesicle
Seminal vesicle:
• A pair of glands that secrete a liquid
component of semen into the vas deferens.
• Secretion is alkaline
• Contains fructose, asorbic acid, coagulating
enzyme, prostaglandin

13. Prostate gland:
• Location- surrounds and opens into the urethra where it
leaves the bladder.
• Secretion- slightly alkaline fluid that activates the sperm
and prevents them from sticking together
• Prostate problems are common in males over 40.
• Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers
in men.
Prostate

14. Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland):
• Location- paired glands that lie beneath the prostate
• Secretion- a thick, clear alkaline mucous that drains into
the membranous urethra.
• Function- It acts to wash residual urine out of the urethra
when ejaculating semen-- raises pH; neutralizes acidity of
urine.
Bulbourethral
gland

15. Spermatogenesis

17. Mature Spermatozoa
tail
mitochondria
nucleus
acrosome
head

18. spermatogonium
1º spermatocyte
2º spermatocyte
spermatids
Sertoli cell
spermatozoa
Seminiferous
Tubules
Seminiferous
Tubules

19. Sperm
Maturation &
Development

20. Hormones Involved in
Spermatogenesis
• Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
• Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH=LH)
• Testosterone
• Inhibin
• ABP

21. Feedback Inhibition
InhibinInhibin
Acts on anterior pituitaryActs on anterior pituitary
Inhibits FSH productionInhibits FSH production
TestosteroneTestosterone
Acts on hypothalamusActs on hypothalamus
Inhibits GnRH productionInhibits GnRH production
Hormonal Control of
Spermatogenesis

22. Some Other Effects of
Testosterone
muscle and bone growthmuscle and bone growth
facial and pubic hair growthfacial and pubic hair growth
thickening of vocal cordsthickening of vocal cords
growth of pharyngeal cartilagegrowth of pharyngeal cartilage
hair follicle effectshair follicle effects
stimulates sebaceous glandsstimulates sebaceous glands
Increased BMRIncreased BMR

23. Vasectomy

24. FemaleFemale
Reproductive SystemReproductive System

25. cervix
vagina
fimbriae
uterine tube
ovary
uterus
bladder
urethra
clitoris
l. minora
l. majora
Female Reproductive System

26. Internal reproductive:
• Vagina
• Cervix
• Fallopian tube
(uterian tube/oviducts)
• Fimbrae
• Ovary
• Uterus
- Endometrium
- Myometrium
- Perimetrium
cervix
vagina
fimbriae
uterine tube
ovary
uterus
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

27. Fimbrae & Fallopian Tube

28. Oogenesis in the Ovary

29. Oogenesis
Ovary- contains 400,000 oocytes; release
about 500 in a lifetime
• Ovary- under influence of FSH. The
follicles mature every 28 days
• Primary follicle produces estrogens
• And primary oocyte completes its 1st
division produces 2ndary oocyte and
polar body

30. Oogenesis
• Aprox 1/2 way through the 28 day cycle the
follicle reaches the mature Vesticular or
Graffian follicle stage.

31. Oogenesis
• Estrogen levels rise and release LH and FSH
and triggers ovulation.

32. Oogenesis
• The 2ndary oocyte travels down the uterine
tube to the uterus.
• If fertilized by sperm, it will produce a zygote
Ovum in uterine tube

33. Ectopic Pregnancy

34. Oogenesis

35. Hormones Involved in the
Female Reproductive Cycle
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
EstrogenEstrogen
ProgesteroneProgesterone
InhibinInhibin
RelaxinRelaxin

37. The Uterine
Cycle

40. Hormone
Fluctuation

41. Some Other Effects ofSome Other Effects of
EstrogenEstrogen
• breast development
• external genitalia growth
• bone growth
• fat deposition
• Increase protein anabolism
• Decrease blood cholesterol
• Facilitate calcium uptake
• Promotes hydration of skin
• Feminizes brain

42. Menopause: cessation of ovarian and
menstrual cycles.
• Usually occurs between ages 46 and 54.
• Due to ovaries decreased responsiveness
to gonadotropins.
Menopause affects:
• changes in sexual desire
• triggers mood swings
• causes debilitating hot flashes
• may lead to bone and heart problems
• short-term memory loss
• insomnia