Python教程 / Python tutorial

Python Tutorial
For Beginners
对
2015-11-20
http://pqx.ee/

Python
/ˈpaɪθɑːn/ in us
or
/ˈpaɪθən/ in uk

Created By
Guido van Rossum
in 1989
- 1989 快以可
⽣生起快 “ ”
- ABC 快⼤大
perl lisp
-

Monty Python's Flying Circus
BBC 来

• 了了
• 了中⼀一了
• ( )
• 著
• ( & )
Language Features

• Beautiful is better than ugly
• Explicit is better than implicit
• Simple is better than complex
• Complex is better than complicated
• Readability counts
The Zen of Python

there should be one
and preferably only one
obvious way to do it
快
• 和
• 发好

batteries included
快
• GUI
•
•

为过成
“ ⾃自” “ 上” “ ”

• Web Web
• Scipy Numpy
• 有 (google TensorFlow)
• GUI PyQT wxWorks
• ( perl bash)
•

Raspberry Pi python GPIO
Pi python

Installation /
• brew install python
• apt-get install python
• yum install python
• … also, binary Installer for Windows

Hello World
print “hello world”
• Just as simple as

Interrupter / 能
能 evaluate
能
有
有
能
* python
能
能

run python code /
$ python helloWorld.py
• python 有
• CPython • IPython
• PyPy
• IronPyton
• Jython

run python code /
• REPL 也
$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul 14 2015, 19:46:27)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.39)] on
darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more
information.
>>> print "hello world"
hello world
(Read-Eval-Print Loop)

Mathematics /
+, -, *, /, //, %, **
出 (3.5 ) @
==, >, <, >=, <=, !=
and, or, not
=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=

variables /
x = 1
x = ‘hello world!’
• 了快
•
• 好

Mathematics /
• (++) 不(--)
x = 3
x += 1
x -= 2

indentation /
if x >= 60:
print ‘passed!’
else:
print ‘failed!’
• { }
python

comments /
# comments in single line
•
•
'''comments in multi line
line 2
line 3
'''

conditions /
if x >= 90:
print ‘A’
elif x >= 75:
print ‘B’
elif x >= 60:
print ‘C’
else:
print ‘D’
• if else elif

conditions /
switch !!!
成if... elif... elif... else

loops /
x = 0
while(x<100):
x = 1
print x
• while

loops /
for i in range(100):
print i
• for..in..

loops /
• continue break
(c java )
x = 0
while True:
x = x + 1
if x > 100:
break

loops /
• while for..in..
• do..while
• until
• goto

numbers /
• int
• ﬂoat
• complex

str /
• 好
• % format
•

list /
•
• 的
• (List comprehensions)

tuple / 个
• 快都 key
• list ,
• 新

set / 是
• 新 list
>>> set([1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2])
set([1, 2, 3, 4])

bool /
• True / False
• python :

• int
• ﬂoat
• complex
Mutable Immutable
• str
• list
• set
• dict
• tuple
•

function /
• 快 None
def square(x):
return x*x

• 要
快快
def pow(x, y=2):
return x**y

好在
• 好在
pow(y=3, x=2)

• *
def square_sum(*values):
s = 0
for i in values:
s += i*i
return s

( )
• * *
def print_values(**values):
for k in values:
print ‘%s => %s’ % (k, values[k])

class / 了好
class Animal():
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def sayHi(self):
print self.name, 'says Hi!'

builtin method / 要
• __init__
• __del__
• __repr__
• __str__
• __unicode__

class Cat(Animal):
def __init__(self, name='kitty'):
self.name = name
def sayHi(self):
print ‘hello %s mio!’ % self.name

module /
• 最
• sys.modules
开
开 PYTHONPATH
开要

import /
• 快
• (__import__)
• execﬁle

IO
• raw_input (python3 input)
• sys.stdin sys.stdout
• print

• lambda ( )
•
• map reduce ﬁlter
•

—
• dir hasattr getattr setattr
• eval exec
• locals globals

要
• 成 __doc__ __name__ __ﬁle__
• : __dict__ __class__
• 了: __doc__ __module__ __dict__
__bases__

• yield 有
• 有
• 了
• C/C++ 分 python

• 了了
• 了中⼀一了
• ( )
• 著
• ( & )
Features /

https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python

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