1. Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

2. LOGIC - “logic is, in a first approach, the study
of the conditions of truth”1
However, as the truth implies a relation
(structure) between subject and object, one
might need a clearer approach: “logic is the
study of the formal conditions of truth” –
performing a deductive or inductive
validation of the relations independently of
the real subject and object: for example:
2+2=4 is a valid assumption although not
universally based on the “experience” of a
real subject and object.
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

3. The Piaget’s Learning Theory based on the
observation of children, conducted to the
understanding of the notions of
Accommodation and Assimilation as structures
for knowledge and to the establishment of the 4
stages theory of learning.
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

4. Accomodation
The accommodation is the activity by which
patterns of action and thought are modified in
contact with the object. It can be spontaneous if
it is a reflection scheme or automated, or may
be voluntary, directed and reflected.
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

5. Assimilation:
Assimilation is the incorporation of elements from
the environment in the mental schemes the
subject has and his action over the objects and
the surroundings.
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

6. In accommodation there are mental changes
in the subject but in assimilation there aren’t.
Example of accommodation: a child is sequent
adapting his/her crying through time in order to
call the attention over his/her needs, until no
more crying is made but other resource is used
(there has been a change in the resource);
Example of assimilation: to grab an object is a
resource maintained during the entire life
although in the same resource there is
adaptation depending on the object that
needs to be grabbed.
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

7. Piaget’s 4 Stages Theory of
Cognitive Development:
1st - Sensorimotor stage (0-2 yo)
(reflexive, instinct and beginning of creativity (or symbolic thought)
2nd – Preoperational stage (2-7 yo)
(mentally acting on objects; representations: drawings, images,
words)
3rd – Operational stage (7-11 yo)
(beginning of the appropriate use of logic through several process
but only real object concerned – not abstractions)
4th – Formal stage (11yo and beyond)
(use of logical reasoning by incorporating abstracting thinking and
achieve conclusions from the information available – application to
hypothetical situations)
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

8. Adults Cognitive Functioning
= Learning =
Self-Poiesis / Constructivism
1. – Critical thinking (including self-thinking)
2. - Development of knowledge based on
activity/experience
3. - Autonomy (self-regulation; self-
orientation)
4. - Emotional Reasoning (emotional
management)
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

9. 1. – Critical thinking (including self-thinking):
a). Meta-cognitive reasoning and
Capacity of Abstract Thinking
b). Deductive and Inductive Thinking
(and Abductive Thinking)
c). Judgments of value
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

10. 1.a)
Capacity of Abstract Thinking:
- Dialectical Thinking
- Reciprocal Thinking
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

11. 1.b)
Deductive, Inductive (and Abductive) reasoning
are, accordingly, the assumption of the formal
conditions of truth as valid. They do not create
knowledge, they only organize and expand
previously achieved knowledge!
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

12. Deductive conclusions are necessarily truth once
both its premises are also truth; Deduction is,
accordingly, the application of a Truth already
confirmed within a whole relation to only a part
of that same relation.
all the project partners are European Institutions
(whole relation); Radar B is a project partner
(partial relation); deduction states that Radar B is
a European Institution (true partial relation
achieved by deductive thinking).
In such cases, as the part belongs to the whole,
the truth relation for the whole will always be
valid for the part.
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

13. Induction is, on contrary, the application of a
Truth only confirmed for the part, to the whole of
a relation (very common in Statistics). It is,
accordingly more fallible, since not all the terms
of the relation were confirmed.
Radar B is a project partner (true partial relation);
Radar B is a European Institution (true partial
relation); all the project partners are European
Institutions (true whole relation);
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

14. In such cases, as the whole is made of verified
but also non-verified parts, there is a risk of
obtaining a false result.
Radar B is a project partner (true partial relation);
Radar B is a French Institution (true partial
relation); all the project partners are French
Institutions (false whole relation)
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

15. Abductive reasoning allows a perspective of
truth for the “cause” based on the knowledge
over the “effect”.
All the project partners are European Institutions.
[effect]
[Most probably] Being a European Institution is
compulsory for joining in the partnership for the
project [cause].
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

16. Key Elements:
- Accommodation
- Assimilation
- Deduction
- Induction
- Formal Relations
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education

17. Thank you!!
Logic Reasoning
The theories of Jean Piaget – topics for a discussion
focused on adult education