From plans to land change: how strategic spatial planning contributes to the development of urban regions (CONCUR) http://www.wsl.ch/fe/landschaftsdynamik/projekte/CONCUR/index_EN Oliveira & Hersperger (2016)

1. Prepared by Eduardo Oliveira, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL,
Birmensdorf, Switzerland, 19.05.2016
Key elements of governance
in strategic spatial
plan-making
and
plan-implementation

2. • Why is this research relevant?
• Where do we stand?
• What are the main research objectives?
• What are the main research questions?
• Our working definition of (territorial) governance?
• Our set of (territorial) governance elements?
• Finding answers for RQ (i.e. case studies, data, outputs)?
Wondering?...

3. Why is this research relevant (I)?
• Spatial planning and spatial planning strategies
are a part of the relations of governance
(Healey, 2006).
• Spatial planning consists of a set of governance
practices/elements/arrangements for
developing strategies and plans (Healey, 2006).
• Spatial planning strategies provide a credible
forum in which key actors / policy sectors /
society can envisioning agreed/collective
defined futures (Haughton et al., 2010)

4. Why is this research relevant (II)?
In spite of some academic and policy oriented
literature on governance
little attention has been paid to the role of
governance in strategic spatial
plan-making and plan-implementation
What happens in between…
*e.g. Van Well et al. (2016); ESPON (2014); Nuissl and Heinrichs, (2011).

5. Where do we stand (state of the art I)?
• Davoudi et al. (2008) focus on territorial dimension of
governance in relation to the actors / key players involved.
• Schmitt, P. & Van Well (2016) focus on what is territorial
governance and why does it matter in European projects.
• Stead (2014) examines how the notion is used and
understood in European policy debates.
• Allmendinger et al. (2015) focus on governance in soft
spaces / fuzzy boundaries / supra-regional partnerships.
• Faludi (2012) focus on the differences between multi-
level governance and territorial governance.

6. Where do we stand (state of the art II)?
Available studies* focus on governance and…Available studies* focus on governance and…
• Theoretical conceptualization / reconceptualization,
dimensions, why governance matters.
• Soft spaces such as macro-regions (Oresund),
cross-border territories (Fehmarn Belt).
• Neoliberalism, spatial justice, political condition.
• Specific geographical areas such as natural parks,
river basins, districts.
• Specific projects/programmes such as European
capital of culture, EU funding programmes.
*e.g. Schmitt and Van Well (2015), Hilier (2007), Davoudi, et al. (2008), Stead
(2013), Allmendinger et al. (2015), Salet et al. (2003)

7. Where do we stand (state of the art III)?
Key elements influencing the performance of governance
Impacts upon land use and land cover change
Strategic spatial
PLAN-MAKING
Strategic spatial
PLAN-IMPLEMENTATION

8. What are the main objectives?
1. Identify the key elements influencing the
performance of territorial governance in
strategic spatial plan-making and plan-
implementation.
2. Describe how do these elements of
governance impact land use and land
cover change in urban regions.

9. What are the main research questions?
What are the key
elements influencing the
performance of territorial
governance?
How are these key
elements
operationalised?
What are the impacts of
these key elements on
land use and
land cover change?
in strategic spatial
plan-making and
plan-implementation

10. Towards a working definition (I)
Depending on which concept of territory
is adopted - different concepts of
governance are applied and that imply
specific features,
elements and evaluations
(Davoudi et al., 2008).

11. Towards a working definition (II)
Spatial governance
(e.g.Tewdwr-Jones,
Allmendinger, 2006)
Regional governance
(e.g. Albrechts, Healey &
Kunzmann, 2003; Foster and
Barnes, 2012)
Metropolitan governance
(e.g.Salet, Thornley &
Kreukels 2003)
Evolutionary governance
(e.g.Beunen, Assche &
Duineveld, 2015)
Urban governance
(e.g.Brenner, 1999)
Urban land governance
(e.g.World Bank)
Multispatial Metagovernance
(e.g.Jessop, 2016)
Territorial governance
(e.g. Schmitt & Van Well,
2016)

12. Working definition of territorial governance
• The formulation and implementation of strategic plans
and public policies, for the improvement of the
environmental, economic, spatial and social conditions of
a territory (e.g. urban region).
• Is a process that focus on territorial capacity,
adaptiveness and purpose. Is responsive, accountable
and responsible. It implies coordination and integration
of perspectives of multiple interested groups, key
players, civic society - joined-up in a hopefully
collectively defined strategic-territorial agenda.
• It adds territorial-knowledge. Is context-sensitive, focus
on real-world plan-making, plan-implementation
processes and on the impacts upon land change.

13. Towards set of key elements of territorial governance

14. Set of key elements of territorial governance
Coordination and integration of
interests & perspectives
Contribute to solve socio-spatial and
spatial-economic issues.
Framing a strategic territorial
agenda
Agendas jointly prepared in favour
of the physical condition of the
territory.
Interest groups and key players Mobilisation of local and regional
actors, their participation and
involvement
Civic participation Cope with the needs and demands
of communities
Territorial knowledge Utilising multiple sources of
knowledge
Accountability Decisions are accountable to the
public
Regional capacity & adaptiveness Resolving everyday issues/adapte
Authority and leadership Drive change, show direction and
motivate others to follow.

15. Finding answers to research questions
In-depth interviews
• Spatial planning practitioners
• Spatial planning, regional
studies, regional science,
territorial governance scholars
Content analysis
• Strategic spatial plans
(past/present)
• Minutes of decision-making
• Communication material
• Participatory platforms (e.g.)

16. Barcelona
Hannover
Stockholm
Hamburg
Oslo
Vienna
Stuttgart
Copenhagen
Cardiff
Dublin
Edinburgh
Helsinki
Lyon
Milan
Of/In 14 Western European urban regions

17. Content analysis (e.g. Oliveira, 2015, Olesen, 2012)
Data collection and data analysis with focus on
Step 1: Searching context-specific documents
Step 2: Organising documents
Step 3: Analysing by using
• Protocol
• Qualitative analysis software for content research
• Coding the preliminary set of key elements of territorial
governance (e.g. partic) – identify processes
Key elements
of governance
Operationalization Impacts on
land change

18. In-depth interviews (e.g. Jacuniak-Suda et a., 2015)
Step 1: Identifying spatial planning practitioners / scholars (i.e. snowball process)
Step 3: Preparing semi-structured interview guide
• Questions covering preliminary set of elements of governance
• Open-end questions to all the respondents to share their experiences (e.g. new
elements, details)
Step 2: Schedule 3 interviews in each case study
Step 4: Conducting face-to-face interviews / digitally recorded
• 14 cases
• 3 interviews
• 42 interviews in total
• 90 minutes each interview (max.) = 3780 minutes of qualitative content
Step 5: transcribing interviews (outsourced task)
Step 6: analysis and output production
Data collection and data analysis with focus on
Key elements
of governance
Operationalization Impacts on
land change

19. Research outputs and activities 2016-17?
1) January-April: refining governance theories/
working set of elements of territorial governance
2016
• Oliveira, E. (2016), Book Review - Territorial Governance across Europe -
Pathways, Practices and Prospects, Regional Studies. (in press)
• Oliveira, E. (2016), Conference report - Regional Studies Association Annual
Conference 2016, Town Planning Review, 87(4): 481-846 (in press)
• Oliveira, E. (forthcoming), Editorial – virtual special issue on governance,
innovation and the emergence of city regions in Europe , Regional Studies
Regional Science

20. Core data, research outputs and activities 2016-17?
2) May - September: interviews + organizing transcriptions
3) September - December: data analysis + active-writing
2016
What are the key elements
influencing the performance
of territorial governance?
What are the impacts of on
land use and
land cover change?

21. Research outputs and activities 2016-17?
4) January – May : Comparative study
2017
How are these key elements operationalised in plan-making
and plan-implementation in selected urban regions?
• Comparative study between German
(Hamburg, Hannover, Stuttgart) and
Nordic (Oslo, Stockholm, Helsinki,
Copenhagen) urban regions.
• Comparative study between Cardiff,
Dublin, Edinburgh, Barcelona, Lyon,
Milan and Vienna.

22. Core data, research outputs and activities 2016-17?
5) June – December: Linking territorial governance,
socio-ecological systems and strategic spatial
planning
2017

23. Prepared by Eduardo Oliveira, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL,
Birmensdorf, Switzerland, 19.05.2016
Thank you for your attention