1. A project of
INNOVATION FONDEE SUR LES VALEURS
Atelier C1:
Le role du GOUVERNEMENT dans la promotion d’éthique
Mahmud Samandari
Président: European Baha’i Business Forum
mahmud.samandari@ebbf.org
www.ebbf.org
07/05/11

2. A project of
Questions pour notre atelier
• Quel est le rôle de la législation et les mécanismes de
contrôle gouvernemental dans l’application de la RSE?
• Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique appuyé
par le gouvernement peut contribuer a un comportement
éthique?
• Coopération regroupant une multiplicité d'acteurs
• Me concentrerai sur les 2 dernières questions
07/05/11 2

3. A project of
Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique
appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer à un
L’innovation est un des facteurs les plus
puissants du changement.
•Récemment: les changements politiques
•Mais il y a plus:

4. A project of
Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique
appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer à un
Education à distance
Groupes de pression de consommateurs
Nouvelles formes de collaboration
Microfinance
Droits d’auteur (Internet PubMed Central)
Autorégulation

5. A project of
Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique
appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer à un
Les gouvernements ont recours à des mesures
incitatives pour diriger l’innovation dans une
certaine direction:
L’environnement (Japon)
International Symposium "International Challenge for Promoting Green
Innovation to Realize a Low Carbon Society Worldwide" 17 Mai 2010
La santé (Thailande, Brésil, Inde)
Prix de médicaments pour SIDA

6. A project of
Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique
appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer à un
L’innovation devient de plus en plus globalisée:
•91% des 1000 entreprises avec les budgets de R&D les plus
élevés, ont des activités d’innovation dans d’autres pays.
•EN 2007, les 80 entreprises avec les plus grands budgets de
R&D ont dépensé US$ 80Md sur US$ 146Md à l’étranger.
•Les 50 européennes: US$ 51Md sur un total de US$ 117Md.
•Les 43 japonaises: 40Md sur un total de 72MD.
•Les entreprises étrangères ont dépensé US$ 43Md aux EEUU
dans R&D, 40% du total des dépenses R&D aux EEUU.

7. A project of
Comment est-ce que l’innovation technologique
appuyé par le gouvernement peut contribuer à un
• L’innovation peut avoir différents objectifs.
Entre autres:
Profit
Nécessité
Applications militaires
Erreur

8. A project of
Valeurs
• Que sont les valeurs?
• Qui détermine les objectifs?
Collaboration globale est essentielle pour
définir ces valeurs et ces objectifs

9. A project of
Coopération regroupant une multiplicité d'acteurs (1)
PROPSOSITION:
Un organisme multipartite regroupant:
•Etats
•Secteur privé
•Secteur académique
•Société civile

10. A project of
Coopération regroupant une multiplicité d'acteurs (2)
Fonctions:
•Etablir les priorités et produire des normes,
•Concevoir les mécanismes pour surveiller leur
applications,
•Fournir de l’assistance technique,
•Servir de forum de discussion pour les innovateurs de
tous les pays.

11. A project of
Merci

12. A project of
Date Aug.
27,
2010
Report from JST Topics May 24, 2010
Country Japan
JST held a symposium "International Challenge for Promoting
Green Innovation to Realize a Low Carbon Society
Worldwide", inviting representatives from funding agencies Interna:onal
Symposium
"Interna:onal
(FA)* in various countries. (Date: May 17, 2010; Venue: U Title Challenge
for
Promo:ng
Green
Innova:on
to
Thant International Conference Hall, United Nations Realize
a
Low
Carbon
Society
Worldwide"
University, Tokyo, Japan; Participants: 328)
Symposium organizer, JST President Koichi Kitazawa,
opened the symposium, followed by guest speaker Masaharu
Nakagawa, the senior vice minister of the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. In the
keynote speech session, representatives from each funding Finally, to conclude the symposium, the funding agencies of
agency introduced the policies and initiatives currently being each country acknowledged that green innovation was more
developed in each country to promote green innovation and important than ever before and agreed to further strengthen
tackle the problem of global warming. More than 300 their efforts. They also agreed on the importance of supporting
people attended the symposium, illustrating the high level of international cooperation, and to hold a conference of FA
interest, not only in Japan but in countries around the world, experts from each country on future measures and concrete
in efforts to realize a low-carbon society. issues that need to be solved by international cooperation. The
representatives released the following joint statement:
This was followed by a panel discussion, moderated by Mr.
Kitazawa. From the beginning, questions were fielded from Joint Statement (PDF24KB)
the audience, and there was a lively exchange of opinions
about international cooperation and coordination and the
future initiatives of each country.

13. A project of
http://www.avert.org/generic.htm
For the moment, most people that need antiretrovirals in the developing world are on first-line therapy.
However, as treatment becomes more widespread, people stay on treatment for longer and resistance
increases, the high price of second-line drugs is becoming a major issue. Addressing this issue will
become increasingly important to ensure the most cost-effective use of available resources and the
sustainability of treatment programmes.
Some countries, such as Thailand, Brazil and India have found innovative ways of securing cheaper
second-line drugs. But the problem is that these options are limited to countries with political clout and
financial stability and autonomy. As is all too often the case, it is the poorest countries already struggling
to manage their HIV epidemics that are the least likely to benefit from the current system.
This video shows the problems that are preventing people from getting the HIV drugs they need.
Some have suggested that the only way forward is to abolish the TRIPS system for medicines altogether,
and replace it with an alternative form of remuneration and reward for innovative research and
development. However as this is unlikely, an alternative solution needs to be found.
One initiative created by UNITAID in 2009 is the “patent pool".52 The objective of the pool is to hold
licences on various patented medicines, which generic companies can then produce at a lower cost for
poor countries.53 Although the creation of a patent pool for HIV/AIDS drugs is at an early stage, there is
hope that it will make the production of generic versions of antiretrovirals easier to negotiate and
therefore faster and more efficient. The first patent holder to license an ARV drug to the patent pool is the
National Institutes of Health for the drug darunavir.54 However, if the patent pool is to have a real impact
it will rely on the voluntary participation of larger pharmaceutical companies, many of whom may see
no benefit in cooperating with it.
Prices of ARVs have been driven down substantially over the years, allowing millions of people to live
with the virus. However, greater effort, cooperation and innovation is needed to achieve universal access

14. A project of