2. MACROCEPHALY
Head circumference >2 S.D./>2.5cm above the mean for
the age and sex
Head circumference >97th percentile for the age and sex
Expected HC for a particular child by comparing with
standardized charts
3. Causes
Big skull-chronic anemia,osteogenesis
imperfecta,rickets
Big brain-megalencephaly(tay-sach),cerebral
gigantism
More CSF in ventricles-hydrocephalus
Abnormal accumulation-subdural effusion
Familial-commonest cause
5. TYPES OF HYDROCEPHALUS
OBSTRUCTIVE OR NON-COMMUNICATING
-at the level of aqueduct 3 mm long & 2 mm wide
NON OBSTRUCTIVE OR COMMUNICATING
-increased production
-decreased absorption
6. CAUSES OF HYDROCEPHALUS
COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS
Increased Production
• Tumors in choroid plexus
Decreased Absorption
Congenital-TORCH
Acquired-Meningitis,leukemia
10. • After AF closure
-Headache,vomiting
-Blurring of vision
-Bradycardia,increased Bp
-6th CN Palsy
-Papilloedema
-Transillumination Test
-Macewen Sign “Cracked Pot”
-Prominent Occiput (Dandy-walker)
15. TREATMENT
MEDICAL: (for decreasing the production)
_
MANNITOL/ORAL GLYCEROL
-ACETAZOLAMIDE
-FUROSEMIDE
SURGICAL:(for obstruction and decreased
absorption)
V-P SHUNT PLACEMENT
16. PROGNOSIS
INCREASED RISK FOR DEVELOPMENTAL
DISABILITIES
MEAN IQ IS REDUCED COMPARED TO GENERAL
POPULATION
ABNORMALITIES IN MEMORY
SOME PATIENTS SHOW AGGRESSIVE OR
DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR.