Yes we can

Android for Automotive – Yes We CAN

Michael Uelschen, Ralph Rakers
Hochschule Osnabrück

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Yes We CAN
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Overview
_ Introduction
_ Innovation Cycle Dilemma
_ Our Approach
_ Electric Vehicle Charging App*
_ Results
_ Conclusion
_ Discussion
* Supported by Lemförder Electronic GmbH, Espelkamp (ZF)

droidcon.2012 | A Android for Automotive | Uelschen, Rakers 2

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INTRODUCTION


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Distributed System
_ A modern car is a distributed system with up
to 100 nodes.
_ Several networks with different physical layers
and protocols are used depending on the
application.
_ Controller Area Network is central network
and connects engine, transmission, and driver
information and control etc.


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Controller Area Network (CAN)
_ Developed by BOSCH and Intel in 1983.
_ Major design goals:
 High reliability
 Low costs
_ Event-based communication with short
messages (130 bits) with high bandwidth (up
to 1 Mbit/s).
_ CSMA/CD to fulfill real time requirements.

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CAN Message (Data Frame)

1 11 1 1 1 4 0-64 16 2 7

SOF Ident RTR IDE r. DLC Data Field CRC ACK EOF

Type of the message Data length and payload of the message

_ Frame is read by all nodes (no address field).
_ Data field depends on data length counter.


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INNOVATION CYCLE DILEMMA


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Innovation Cycles -- Examples
1. CAN Bus: 10 years
 Development by BOSCH started in 1983
 Introduction to Mercedes S-class in 1991
 Introduction to lower-mid segment cars in 2001
2. Apple iPod: 1 year
 Introduced in 2001
 5th generation introduced in 2005
 Innovation cycle shorter than 1 year
3. Mobile phone: < 1 year
 New devices every 6 months or less

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Consumer vs. Automotive Domain
Consumer Electronics Domain Automotive Domain
_ “Fast moving” technologies _ Vehicle related technologies
 short lifecycles  long lifecycles
 high requirements on  high requirements on
• Performance • Quality
• Flexibility • Reliability
 high volume / low cost  low volume
 driven by IT, Telecom und CE  driven by vehicle industry
 new upcoming applications  fix attached components
 fast growing performance  scalable over segments
requirements  automotive ease to use
_ Open System _ Reliable System


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OUR APPROACH


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Linux inside the car?
_ Linux was ignored for automotive applications
 Development model : community-based
 License model : open source (e.g. GPL)
 Patent situation : owner of the rights
_ There are some changes:
 GENIVI initiative to enable Linux for automotive
 MeeGo/Tizen platform for In-Vehicle information
_ Our idea: Using Android-based Linux-system


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Our Idea
_ Android is not just a technology but also a
complete eco-system (e.g. Android Market).
_ Integration of an Android-based head-unit
into automotive network (CAN).
_ Show the interaction with automotive
development tools (here: CANoe simulation).
_ Developing App: Control and visualization of
the charging process for electric vehicle.


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Hardware Platform
_ Freescale i.MX51 EVK
_ Cortex A8@800 MHz
_ 512 MB DDR2
_ 7“ WVGA Touchscreen
_ Other peripherals as USB,
Ethernet, SD, …
_ No automotive interfaces
integrated on the eval
board.
_ Android patches by
Freescale.

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CAN Interface
_ PEAK System PCAN
_ CAN-to-USB Adapter
_ USB 1.1 (2.0)
_ CAN Specification
2.0A/B
_ Linux-driver (GPL)
available for kernel 2.4-
3.0


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Socket-CAN
_ CAN Implementation for Linux-Kernel
 Project from Volkswagen Research
 Official part since Kernel 2.6.25
 Configuration via make menuconfig
_ BSD-Sockets API
 socket(), bind(), read(), write(), close()
_ CAN-Frame defined in <linux/can.h>
struct can_frame ping;
ping.can_id = 0x123;
ping.can_dlc = 1;
ping.data[0] = 0xFF;


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Native CANComLib Implementation
_ Shared library CANComLib (~ 200 LOC) encapsulates
socket functions like
 socket(), bind(), read(), write(), close()
_ Provides an easy-to-use interface to send and receive
CAN messages:
int initialize();
struct can_frame receive_can(struct can_filter filter);
void send_can(struct can_frame sendFrame);
int terminate();

_ Android applications call the native library by using
the Android NDK.

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ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING APP


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Vehicle-to-Grid Communication
_ The communication between EV and charging
station is based on ISO61851 and ISO15118.
_ Several services are defined
 Battery Charging
 Internet Access
 User-defined Service
_ App to initialize, to control and to visualize the
charging process based on ISO standards.


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System Overview (Development)
Electric Vehicle
Touch Screen

Peak-Box

Head- Charging
USB
CAN-Netzwerk PC
Unit ECU Powerline Communication (PLC)

Freescale i.MX51

CANcaseXL
USB

PC

Residual Bus Simulation with CANoe


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Overview (Components)


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Overview (Bus Simulation)


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RESULTS


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Statechart UI -- Welcome
tm Zustandsmaschine

Initial

Lade-Applikation starten

Start

Unbekannte Ladesäule angeschlossen

Dienst
Authentifizierung
Ladeparameter
Ladetarife

Ladeparameter eingegeben

Laden

Ladevorgang manuell beendet | Ladeziel erreicht

Ladeziel erreicht

Lade-Applikation beendet

Final

Yes We CAN
Statechart UI -- Parameter
tm Zustandsmaschine

Initial


Start


Dienst
Authentifizierung
Ladeparameter
Ladetarife


Laden


Ladeziel erreicht


Final

Yes We CAN
Statechart UI -- Charging
tm Zustandsmaschine

Initial


Start


Dienst
Authentifizierung
Ladeparameter
Ladetarife


Laden


Ladeziel erreicht


Final

Yes We CAN
Statechart UI -- Charging ended
tm Zustandsmaschine

Initial


Start


Dienst
Authentifizierung
Ladeparameter
Ladetarife


Laden


Ladeziel erreicht


Final

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CONCLUSION


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Conclusion
_ How to enable Android-System to
communicate with automotive CAN network.
_ Approach can be transferred to other domains
using CAN e.g. automation.
_ Product would require deeper integration of
the components (e.g. CAN controller).
_ Future Trends:
 Using multicore and/or virtualization to combine
Android and RTOS on same hardware (CPU).


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_ Thank you very much for your attention!


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Contact Information
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Uelschen
University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück
Faculty Engineering and Computer Sciences
Laboratory for Computer Engineering
Barbarastraße 16, 49076 Osnabrück (Germany)

Postal Address : P.O. Box 1940, 49009 Osnabrück
m.uelschen@hs-osnabrueck.de
Tel.: +49 (0)541 / 969 3885
Room: SI0212


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