The Holocaust was a systematic genocide of approximately 6 million European Jews and millions of others by Nazi Germany between 1933-1945. Key events included the Nuremberg Laws stripping Jews of citizenship, Kristallnacht resulting in mass arrests and violence against Jews, establishment of ghettos and concentration/death camps, and the 1942 Wannsee Conference formalizing the "Final Solution" of industrialized mass murder. The Holocaust demonstrated how racism, eugenics and state power can enable industrialized genocide on a massive scale.

1. Shoah
The Hebrew word for catastrophe.
• 12 million died
• 6 million were Jewish
• 1 million were children

2. First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out—
because I was not a socialist.
Then they came for the trade-unionists, and I did not speak out—
because I was not a trade-unionist.
Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out—
because I was not a Jew.
Then they came for me—
And there was no one left to speak for me.
- Reverend Martin Niemoller

3. 1933: Boycott of Jewish businesses.

6. 1935: Nuremberg Laws

7. Jews were stripped of German citizenship.

9. Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor
Firm in the knowledge that the purity of German blood is the basis for the survival of the German people
and inspired by the unshakable determination to safeguard the future of the German nation, the
Reichstag has unanimously resolved upon the following law, which is promulgated herewith:
Section 1: Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or some related blood are
forbidden. Such marriages contracted despite the law are invalid, even if they take place
abroad in order to avoid the law.
Section 2: Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and citizens of German or
related blood are forbidden.
Section 3: Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens of German or related blood
who are under 45 years as housekeepers.
Section 4:
1. Jews are forbidden to raise the national flag or display the national colors.
2. However, they are allowed to display the Jewish colors. The exercise of this right is
protected by the state.
In the subsequent clarifying regulation of Nov. 14, 1935, a Jew is defined as anyone who was descended
from : (a) at least three racially full Jewish grandparents or (b) two full Jewish parents if he or she
belonged to the Jewish religious community ( i.e.an observing Jew); was married to a Jewish person ; was
the offspring of a full Jew (as defined in a.) or the offspring of an extramarital relationship with a full Jew.
Neither could a Jew be a citizen of the Reich, vote or hold public office.

10. 11/9/1938: Kristallnacht
“Night of Broken Glass”
Herschel Grynszpan

13. Results:
• 100 Jews killed
• 1,000 synagogues and businesses burned or destroyed
• 30,000 Jews arrested and sent to concentration camps
• Fined $400 million for damages

14. Einsatzgruppen: mobile killing units

17. Ghettos
• separated from non-Jews
• over 400 built
• labeled with badges or armbands
• little food, unsanitary
• cramped housing
Warsaw Ghetto population: 450,000 people
Area: 1.3 sq. miles
South Pasadena population: 25,000 people
Area: 3.4 sq. miles

18. Eugenics: The “science” that attempts to control and improve the racial
qualities of future generations, either physically or mentally.

19. Medical and Military Research:
Prisoners used for “experiments”
• Disease experiments

20. Racially Motivated Experiments
Attempts to unlock the “secrets” of human reproduction and multiple births.Tests done on twins, “dwarves” and “giants”
Joseph Mengele
“The Angel of Death”

21. The T-4 Program

22. The first time gas chambers were used.
“the incurably ill”

23. "This person suffering from hereditary defects
costs the community 60,000 Reichsmark
during his lifetime.
Fellow German(s), that is your money, too."

25. 200,000 killed

26. The Lebensborn Program
“The Fountain of Life”

27. 12 camps were set up.

28. 250,000 “racially pure” Aryan children were kidnapped.

29. Children were sent to concentration camps to determine racial purity…
Polish children waiting to be
sent to live in Germany.

30. …and to begin indoctrination.

31. 1942: Wannsee Conference
Final Solution to “Jewish problem”
Wannsee Conference house.

32. Reinhard HeydrichHeinrich Himmler
Adolf Eichmann Hermann GoeringRudolf Hess
Adolf Hitler

33. Concentration Camps in Modern History
• British: South African War
(1899-1902)
• Spanish: Cuban rebellion
(1838-1930)
• Russian: Stalin’s gulags
(1930’s-1960’s)
• German: Nazis’ concentration camps
(1933-1945)
• American: Japanese internment camps
(1942-1944)

34. Concentration and Death Camps
• Dachau
• Buchenwald
Auschwitz
• Treblinka
• Bergen-Belsen

36. The Final Solution was pre-planned, systematic and organized.

37. The Final Solution was pre-planned, systematic and organized.

38. The Final Solution was pre-planned, systematic and organized.

39. The Final Solution was pre-planned, systematic and organized.

40. “Labor wins freedom.”

43. gas chambers

45. Zyklon B

50. The White Rose Society

51. As part of the de-Nazification process, Hitler Youth and
other German prisoners were forced to watch documentary
footage of the Nazi concentration camps.

52. Nuremberg Trials & Tokyo Trials
“Crimes against Humanity”

55. Why did they do it?

56. Never again?