Description

1. Lecture on Health and HygieneLecture on Health and Hygiene
By Dr. Sabir hussainBy Dr. Sabir hussain
MBBS, MRCPMBBS, MRCP

3. HealthHealth
Health is defined as beingHealth is defined as being
"a state of complete"a state of complete
PhysicalPhysical,, MentalMental, and, and
SocialSocial well-being and notwell-being and not
merely the absence ofmerely the absence of
disease or infirmity".disease or infirmity".

4. HygieneHygiene
Hygiene is the practice of keeping theHygiene is the practice of keeping the
body clean to prevent infection andbody clean to prevent infection and
illness, and the avoidance of contactillness, and the avoidance of contact
with infectious agents.with infectious agents.

5. Health careHealth care
Health care is the prevention,Health care is the prevention,
treatment, and management oftreatment, and management of
illness and the preservation ofillness and the preservation of
mental and physical well beingmental and physical well being
through the services offered by thethrough the services offered by the
medical, nursing, and allied healthmedical, nursing, and allied health
professions.professions.

6. Public healthPublic health
Public health is "the science and art ofPublic health is "the science and art of
preventing disease, prolonging life andpreventing disease, prolonging life and
promoting health through the organisedpromoting health through the organised
efforts and informed choices of society,efforts and informed choices of society,
organizations, public and private,organizations, public and private,
communities and individuals."communities and individuals."
The focus of public health interventionThe focus of public health intervention
is to prevent rather than treat a diseaseis to prevent rather than treat a disease
through surveillance of cases and thethrough surveillance of cases and the
promotion of healthy behaviors.promotion of healthy behaviors.

7. Health educationHealth education
Health education can be defined asHealth education can be defined as
the principle by which individuals andthe principle by which individuals and
groups of people learn to behave in agroups of people learn to behave in a
manner conducive to the promotion,manner conducive to the promotion,
maintenance, or restoration ofmaintenance, or restoration of
health.health.

8. DiseaseDisease
Dis + Ease = AnyDis + Ease = Any
condition which causescondition which causes
uneasinessuneasiness
Disease = physiological/PsychologicalDisease = physiological/Psychological
dysfunction.dysfunction.
Illness= Subjective state of a person who feelsIllness= Subjective state of a person who feels
aware of being not well.aware of being not well.
Sickness= A state of social dysfunction, i.e., aSickness= A state of social dysfunction, i.e., a
role that the individual assumes when he is illrole that the individual assumes when he is ill
(sickness role).(sickness role).

9. Causes of DiseasesCauses of Diseases
Epidemiological TriadEpidemiological Triad
Environment
Agent Host

10. Causes of Diseases the AyurvedaCauses of Diseases the Ayurveda
ConceptConcept
Dosha TriadDosha Triad
Vata
Pitta Kaffa

11. Various Systems Of TreatmentVarious Systems Of Treatment
Modren Medicine (Allopathy)Modren Medicine (Allopathy)
Indian Medicine –Ayurveda and siddhaIndian Medicine –Ayurveda and siddha
SystemsSystems
Chinese MedicineChinese Medicine
Egyptian MedicineEgyptian Medicine
Mesopotamian MedicineMesopotamian Medicine
Greek MedicineGreek Medicine
Roman MedicineRoman Medicine
HomeopathyHomeopathy
Alternative MedicineAlternative Medicine

12. Types of DiseasesTypes of Diseases
According to Causes:According to Causes:
Infective/ Communicative dideasesInfective/ Communicative dideases
Non Infective DiseasesNon Infective Diseases
Life style DiseasesLife style Diseases
Deficiency DiseasesDeficiency Diseases
Hereditary DiseasesHereditary Diseases
Genetic DiseasesGenetic Diseases

13. CommunicableCommunicable DiseasesDiseases
Spread from one person toSpread from one person to
otherother
Caused by GermsCaused by Germs

14. Mode Of spreadMode Of spread
AirAir
WaterWater
SoilSoil
Close contactClose contact

15. Mode Of SpreadMode Of Spread
FingersFingers
FoodFood
FomitesFomites

16. Communicable Disease:Communicable Disease:
Are Caused by GermsAre Caused by Germs
Germs Spread throughGerms Spread through
AirAir
WaterWater
SoilSoil
Close ContactClose Contact
VectorsVectors
– House flyHouse fly
– MosquitoMosquito
– MammalsMammals
– Bugs etcBugs etc

17. Communicable Deseases can beCommunicable Deseases can be
Prevented byPrevented by
Maintaining HygieneMaintaining Hygiene
Washing handsWashing hands
BathingBathing
Using handkerchief while Coughing andUsing handkerchief while Coughing and
sneezingsneezing
Not spitting, Urinating, defecating in openNot spitting, Urinating, defecating in open
Using ToiletsUsing Toilets

18. Life style diseasesLife style diseases
These are caused by our Changing HabitsThese are caused by our Changing Habits
of lifeof life
More in developed NationsMore in developed Nations
Increasing rapidly in IndiaIncreasing rapidly in India
These areThese are
High B.P.High B.P.
DiabetesDiabetes
Heart DiseasesHeart Diseases
StrokeStroke
ObesityObesity
CancersCancers
AccidentsAccidents

19. Life style diseasesLife style diseases
Can be prevented byCan be prevented by
Regular Exercise/ Physical workRegular Exercise/ Physical work
Eating vegetables and fibrous foodEating vegetables and fibrous food
Balanced DietBalanced Diet
Not SmokingNot Smoking
Not drinking alcoholNot drinking alcohol
Leading Tension free LifeLeading Tension free Life

20. Deficiency Diseases/ NutritionalDeficiency Diseases/ Nutritional
diseasesdiseases
Caused by deficiency of vitamins andCaused by deficiency of vitamins and
minerals in the bodyminerals in the body
Cause - Poverty and ignoranceCause - Poverty and ignorance
PEMPEM
Protein MalnutritionProtein Malnutrition
Vitamin deficiencyVitamin deficiency
– Vit. A –Night BlindnessVit. A –Night Blindness
– Vit B deficiencyVit B deficiency
– Vit C deficiencyVit C deficiency
– Iron DeficiencyIron Deficiency

21. Health Care Facilities in UttrakhandHealth Care Facilities in Uttrakhand
Govt. Health systemGovt. Health system
Private Clinics and HospitalsPrivate Clinics and Hospitals

22. Govt. Health systemGovt. Health system
At Village LevelAt Village Level
AshaAsha
Trained DaiTrained Dai
ICDS- AnganvadiICDS- Anganvadi

23. Sub CenterSub Center
At a population of 5000 in plains andAt a population of 5000 in plains and
3000 population in hills3000 population in hills
Female MPHWFemale MPHW
Assisted by AshaAssisted by Asha
Trained DaiTrained Dai
FacilitiesFacilities
– ImmunizationImmunization
– RCHRCH
– Institutional deliveriesInstitutional deliveries
– Referral servicesReferral services

24. Primary Health CentrePrimary Health Centre
1 for 30000 people in plains and for 200001 for 30000 people in plains and for 20000
peoples in hills.peoples in hills.
FacilitiesFacilities
Medical CareMedical Care
MCH and family PlanningMCH and family Planning
Safe water supply and basic sanitationSafe water supply and basic sanitation
Prevention and control of Locally endemic diseasesPrevention and control of Locally endemic diseases
Collection of vital statisticsCollection of vital statistics
Health educationHealth education
National Health ProgramsNational Health Programs
Referral servicesReferral services
Basic Lab servicesBasic Lab services

25. CHCCHC
One in Each community BlockOne in Each community Block
30 bedded hospital30 bedded hospital
Specialist doctorsSpecialist doctors
X ray and Lab servicesX ray and Lab services

26. Higher CentersHigher Centers
Composite hospitalsComposite hospitals
Base HospitalsBase Hospitals
District hospitalsDistrict hospitals
Medical colleges- Tertiary CareMedical colleges- Tertiary Care
HospitalsHospitals

27. First aidFirst aid
The help given to a person beforThe help given to a person befor
proper Medical aid is available to himproper Medical aid is available to him
Given mainly to accident victimsGiven mainly to accident victims
AccidentsAccidents
Vehicle accidentsVehicle accidents
Fall from heightFall from height
ElectroductionElectroduction
BurnBurn
BitesBites

28. VaccinationVaccination
Some diseases can be prevented bySome diseases can be prevented by
VaccinesVaccines
UIPUIP

29. NATIONAL IMMUNIZATIONNATIONAL IMMUNIZATION
SCHEDULESCHEDULE
Age Vaccine Name Diseases Prevented
At Birth or within 48 Hrs Hepatitis B & Polio drops. Hepatitis B & Polio
0-1 month B.C.G T.B. (Tuberculosis)
1 & ½ month DPT, Polio, Hepatitis B Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Tetanus,
Polio & Hepatitis B
2 & ½ month DPT, Polio, Hepatitis B Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Tetanus,
Polio
3 & ½ month DPT, Polio, Hepatitis B Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Tetanus,
Polio & Hepatitis B
9-12 months Measles Measles
15-18 months 9-12 months Measles, Mumps & Rubella
16-24 months DPT, Polio(Booster dose) Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Tetanus
& Polio
5 Years DT
Diphtheria & Tetanus
DT Diphtheria & Tetanus
.For Pregnant women
As Early as possible In pregnancy
After 1 month
T.T.
T.T.
Tetanus

30. PregnancyPregnancy
It is not a disease but requires Medical CareIt is not a disease but requires Medical Care
Covered in RCH programCovered in RCH program
T.T. immunizationT.T. immunization
Minimum 4 visits to Health care centreMinimum 4 visits to Health care centre
100 IFA Tablets100 IFA Tablets
200 Calcium Tablets200 Calcium Tablets
Proper FoodProper Food
Rest and tension free EnvironmentRest and tension free Environment
Timely detection of high risk casesTimely detection of high risk cases
Delivery under supervisionDelivery under supervision

31. Pregnancy and Family supportPregnancy and Family support
Emotional SupportEmotional Support
Physical supportPhysical support
Medical SupportMedical Support

32. Medical SupportMedical Support
T.T. InjectionsT.T. Injections
Iron and Folic acid tabletsIron and Folic acid tablets
Calcium TabletsCalcium Tablets
Regular Attending Health ClinicRegular Attending Health Clinic
Warning Signs Of Emergency:Warning Signs Of Emergency:

33. Warning Signs Of Emergency:Warning Signs Of Emergency:
Uncontrolled VomitingUncontrolled Vomiting
Bleeding P.V.Bleeding P.V.
Pain in AbdomenPain in Abdomen
Swelling on body and HeadacheSwelling on body and Headache
No baby movement for 6 hoursNo baby movement for 6 hours
ConvulsionsConvulsions
Leaking P.V.Leaking P.V.
Labor Pains for more than 6 hoursLabor Pains for more than 6 hours

34. Family Planning MethodsFamily Planning Methods
Temporary- Spacing MethodsTemporary- Spacing Methods
Permanent methods:Permanent methods:

35. Family Planning MethodsFamily Planning Methods
Temporary- Spacing MethodsTemporary- Spacing Methods
CondomCondom
Oral PillsOral Pills
Copper TCopper T
JellyJelly
DiaphragmDiaphragm
InjectionsInjections

36. Family Planning MethodsFamily Planning Methods
Permanent methods:Permanent methods:
For Man- VasectomyFor Man- Vasectomy
For Woman- TubectomyFor Woman- Tubectomy

37. Sexually Transmitted diseasesSexually Transmitted diseases
and AIDSand AIDS
Spread from Person to personSpread from Person to person
Through sexual contactThrough sexual contact
High risk – ppl. with multiple sexualHigh risk – ppl. with multiple sexual
partnerspartners
Can be preventedCan be prevented
Remember SabakRemember Sabak