1. Framing Elements (contd.)
Sheathing
#11
Rafter Ceiling joist
#9 #8
Roof
Decking
#10

2. Framing Elements (contd.)
Stringer
#12

3. Front End Loader
Front end loader is used in the early stages like a
backhoe, but is not meant for digging. It is used to
move dirt and gravel or anything necessary. It
doesn’t just push dirt like a bulldozer, it also picks it
up

4. Gypsum Board
Gypsum board is gypsum in between two sheets of paper. A
material used for walls and ceilings. Also known as sheet
rock or drywall.

5. Heat pump
An advantage is that you do not need seperate
heating and cooling units. A disadvantage is that it
Air handling unit
only works in mild climates. The air handler
circulates air through the house and moves the air
over coils. The compressor pressurizes and
circulates refridgerant gas to produce heat or
cooling in the coils.
Compressor/evaporat
or

6. Insulation
Batt/blanket
Insulation is a material used that has a low conductivity to help keep heat and cold air
through the structure or assembly.

7. Insulation (contd.)
Loose fill insulation

8. Lintel
A lintel is a beam that carries a load of an opening.

9. Mortar Joints
A vee joint is tooled and this one is 3/8” thick. It is an
office building and I would guess type N mortar
Vee joint

10. Mortar Joints (Contd.)
Raked joint-it is tooled, this is also your
typical 3/8” thick. It is located on an
apartment complex. Probably type N
mortar.

11. Oriented Strand Board
A type of sheathing similar to plywood. It is
not veneered, and it is strands of wood that is
bonded together by pressure in specific
directions. Its typical dimensions are 4’ by 8’.

12. Plumbing
Typical 3” piping used to drain. A lavatory is a sink and it typically
uses 1.5” piping to drain it.
lavatory
Water closet

13. Plumbing (Contd.)
Manufactured
shower and
tub
This plumbing vent is letting the gas
from plumbing pipes escape through
the roof instead of coming back into
the house.

14. Plumbing (Contd.)
Drop in Sink

15. Plywood
4’ by 8’ sheets
Plywood is a wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood
veneer bonded together under pressure. Veneer is a thin layer or sheet.

16. Rebar
This is #4 rebar, meaning it is ½” in
diameter. It is tied together to form a rebar
mat that will be placed in a footing. It will
be used to reinforce the concrete, the
grooves are helpful because the concrete
can mold to the rebar.

17. Steep Roof Drainage
Downspout- vertical
piping used to drain
downspout water from roof to lower
level or ground.
Splashblock-small piece
of concrete or plastic
used to divert water at
gutter
bottom of the
downspout
Gutter-channel that collects
splashblock rainwater and snowmelt at the eave
of a roof

18. Steep Roof Materials
Underlayment- Underlayment helps
keep moisture and any penetration out
of the sheathing.

19. Steep Roof Materials (contd.)
Clay tile
Wood shingles
Shingle-small unit of water resistant
material nailed in overlapping fashion to
render a wall or sloping roof water tight.

20. Steep Roof Materials (Contd.)
Metal roof- I believe this is simply a
sheet metal roof

21. Steep Roof Shapes
Gable
gambrel

22. Steep Roof Shapes (Contd.)
Hip roof

23. Steep Roof Terms
ridge
Valley-trough formed by the
intersection of two parts of a roof valley
Rake-sloping edge of a steep roof
Ridge-level intersection of two rake
roof planes in a gable vent.

24. Steep Roof Terms (contd.)
fascia
soffit
eave
Soffit-undersurface of a horizontal
element of a building, especially a Fascia-exposed vertical face of an eave.
roof overhang.

25. Steep Roof Terms (Contd.)
Eave-horizontal edge at the low side of
a roof.
Eave with no fascia
Building without a fascia has no
board or face to the eave.

26. Stone
Random rubble
Coursed ashlar

27. Stone (contd.)
Coursed ashlar

28. Vapor retarder
Vapor retarder protects moisture. It is
usually put on the warm winter side of
the insulation.

29. Weep hole
Weep
Weep hole or wick allows water
hole/wick
to drain from where it has
seeped through the mortar.

30. Welded Wire Fabric
The grid is 6” x 6”
The welded wire fabric is placed to
increase the tensil strength of the
concrete.

31. Windows
This is an awning window because it
is hinged at the top of the window.
This is double hung because it has two
overlapping sashes that slide vertically
in tracks.

32. Windows (contd.)
This is an outswinging casement
window because it is hinged at
the side and it swings outward.