Chapter Report:William N. Dunn,Policy Analysis: Concepts and Principles Chapter 07

1. UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 1
CHAPTER REPORT:
WILLIAM N. DUNN,
POLICY ANALYSIS:
CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER 07
Kuliah: Analisis Kebijakan Pendidikan (AP901)
Dosen: Prof.Dr.H. Nanang Fattah, M.PD.
Djadja Achmad Sardjana (0907904)
18 November
2009

2. UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 2
CHAPTER REPORT:
WILLIAM N. DUNN,
POLICY ANALYSIS:
CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER-07
Evaluating Policy Performance
18 November
2009

3. Chapter-07 Table of Contents (1):
3
Ethics and Values in Policy Analysis
Thinking about Values
Ethics and Metaethics
Standards of Conduct
Descriptive Ethics, Normative Ethics and Metaethics
Descriptive Value Typologies
Developmental Value Typologies
Normative Theories
Metaethical Theories
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

4. Chapter-07 Table of Contents (2):
4
Evaluation in Policy Analysis
The Nature of Evaluation
Functions of Evaluation
Criteria for Policy Evaluation
Approaches to Evaluation
Pseudo-evaluation
Formal Evaluation
Varieties of Formal Evaluation
Decision-Theoretic Evaluation
Methods For Evaluation
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

5. Chapter-07 has a strong public policy
analysis focus on :
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To distinguish policy outcomes, impacts, processes,
and inputs
Compare and contrast social systems accounting,
social experimentation, social auditing, and research
and practice syntheses
To describe and illustrate criteria for evaluating
policy performance
To contrast decision-theoretic evaluation and
metaevaluation
To distinguish values, ethics and metaethics
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

6. Two Perspectives of Values
MARKET-CENTERED POLIS-CENTERED
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Individual as focus Community as focus
Self-interest primary motivation Public and self-interest are primary motivations
Performance through private competition Performance through cooperation and publicly
managed competition
Society governed by fixed and impersonal
economic laws (“laws of matter”) Society governed by laws that are subject to
human change (“laws of passion”)
Personal decision criteria are individual
interest maximization and cost minimization Personal decision criteria are loyalty, public
commitment, and individual interest
Change occurs through material exchange
and the satisfaction of aggregate Information relatively incomplete and subjective
individual interests Change occurs through persuasion, alliances, and
Public administration is unproductive the satisfaction of public and community interests
(“bureaucracy”) Public administration can be productive (“public
trust”)
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

7. Values Are Central to Policy Analysis
RETROSPECTIVE: PROSPECTIVE:
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Analyzing the Past Analyzing the Future
POLICY
PERFORMANCE
Evaluation
Was it valuable? What will happen?
POLICY
OUTCOMES
What happened? Will it be valuable?
Recommendation
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

8. POLICY
PERFORMANCE
Evaluation Forecastingg
Problem
Structuring
OBSERVED POLICY EXPECTED
OUTCOMES PROBLEMS OUTCOMES
Problem
Structuring
Monitoring Recommendation
PREFERRED
POLICIES
8 UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

9. Criteria for Evaluating Policy Performance
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Effectiveness
Efficiency
Adequacy
Equity
Responsiveness
Appropriateness
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

10. Three Approaches to Evaluation
Approach Aims Assumptions Example
Causal Analysts Values can be Field
Evaluation determine described but experiment
outcomes not justified
Official Policymakers Values can be Summative
Evaluation determine stated and need evaluation
objectives no justification
Participative Stakeholders Values can be Evaluability
Evaluation determine stated and need assessment
objectives no justification

11. The Role of Policy Analysis In
The Policy Process
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Policy agenda setting Structuring policy problem
Policy formulation Forecasting policy outcomes
Policy adoption Recommending preferred policy
Policy implementation Monitoring policy outcomes
Policy evaluation Evaluating policy performance
Policy adaptation Recommending adapted policy
Policy succession (Re)commending existing policy
Policy termination Recommending no policy
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

12. UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 12
CHAPTER REPORT:
WILLIAM N. DUNN,
POLICY ANALYSIS:
CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER-07
Question & Answer
18 November
2009

13. Question & Answer
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1. Kebijakan Ujian Nasional
Q: Kebijakan Ujian Nasional telah mendatangkan dilema bagi pemerintah dan
masyarakat. Bagaimana kedudukan kebijakan tersebut? Apa yang harus
dilakukan untuk mengevaluasinya?
A: Menurut penyaji (DAS), kebijakan UN sebaiknya dijadikan bahan monitoring
bagi jajaran pendidik dan pemerintah ,mulai dari guru sampai menteri, sebagai
bahan perbaikan metodologi dan manajemen pendidikan ke depan. Sebaiknya
dilakukan analisis kebijakan yang komprehensif dengan membadingkan
kebijakan UN di masa lampau (sebelum dan sesudah kemerdekaan) serta bahan
pembanding dari negara lain.
2. Kebijakan Sertifikasi Guru
Q: Kebijakan Sertifikasi Guru saat ini menjadi salah kaprah karena lebih
mementingkan portofolio dibanding kompetensi. Evaluasi serta pemecahan
sistematis apa yang dibutuhkan ?
A: Menurut penyaji (DAS), kebijakan Sertifikasi Guru sebaiknya tidak
dihubungkan langsung dengan numerasi guru, namun menjadi bagian dari proses
evaluasi kompetensi yang kontinyu dari Depdiknas.
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

14. UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 14
CHAPTER REPORT:
WILLIAM N. DUNN,
POLICY ANALYSIS:
CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER-07
Additional Info & Reference
18 November
2009

15. Center of Policy Evaluation
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The Center of Policy Evaluation created by the team of
experts in order to promote the use of advanced
methods in evaluation of political outcomes of public
policy and program implementation, performance
management, as well as regulatory impact assessment;
The staff members of the Center are very experienced
also in applied projects on performance budgeting, field
studies (electoral campaigns, market research,
monitoring etc).
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

16. Government CPE
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USA
Russia
Norwegia
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

17. Office of Governmentwide Policy
Center for Policy Evaluation (CPE)
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www.gsa.gov/cpe
February 4, 2009
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

18. Overall Process
Agency writes
OGP discusses OGP Agency
Standard
policies w/ establishes or implements or
Operating
Committees & OMB changes policy supplements GSA
Procedures
policy
and internal
guidance
Continuous Improvement
Policy Evaluation Role
OGP identifies OGP Agency reports to
strengths, evaluates OGP Agency verifies
weaknesses, agency-provided policy is followed
opportunities and information in
threats the agency
OGP - GSA’s Office of Governmentwide Policy
UPI SPS ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses) 18 November 2009

19. Evaluation Criteria
1. Written Policy:
Address the mandate, and provide evidence of current policy
implementation
2. Awareness:
Evidence of communicating with affected agency personnel
about the mandate, including policy or implementation changes
3. Verification:
Check adherence with applicable documented performance
measures
More details available ADPEN - Kebijakan Pendidikan (Teori dan Proses)
UPI SPS at www.gsa.gov/cpescoring 19 November 2009
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