2009 Uzelac Croatia Legal Reform

Judicial Reform in Croatia Is The Glass (Half) Full or (Half) Empty ? Prof. Dr. ALAN UZELAC University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law [email_address]

Why judicial reform? BBC and safety for tourists in Croatia The Hague complex Chapter 23

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“ Strategy” of judicial reform Croatian way of dealing with unpleasant jobs

History of Action Plans ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Strategy? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How to evaluate reforms? Criteria? Indicators?

Methodologies: two options ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Corruption perception index 2004 2005 2006 Judiciary 3,8 Political parties 4 Judiciary 4,4 Political parties 3,6 Judiciary 3,7 Health services 4,3 Parliament 3,6 Parliament 3,6 Economy 4,2 Health services 3,6 Economy 3,5 Parties & Parliament 4,1

Vis-à-vis : Avis on judiciary

EU Progress report for Croatia (XI/200 7 )

Comparing legal professions Structural Comparisons

Objective evaluation of the European justice systems? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Evaluation of the European justice systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lawyers in Europe (per 100.000 inh.) Source: CEPEJ Report, 2008. (2006 data)

Number of lawyers: trends 1992-2009 Year Lawyers % Interns % 1992 1221 100 380 100 1994 1782 146 483 127 1997 2100 172 550 145 2004 2493 204 965 254 2008 3427 280 1620 426

Enforcement agents and notaries

Legal professions in Europe and Croatia

Judicial organization - court locations (general competence courts and specialized courts) per 100.000 inhabitants (data 2004 )

Results of the Twinning Project (Finnland and Austria) COUNTY COURTS MUNICIPAL COURTS COMMERCIAL COURTS MISDEMEANOUR COURT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],126 266

Structural conclusions for Croatia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Judicial process - comparisons … a much harder task …

Expenses of European states for their justice systems € / # inhabitants (100k) data 2002. Court budget + Legal aid expenses Austria 71,30 France 32,99 Romania 5,48 Finland 51,03 Hungary 27,00 Ukraine 2,32 Croatia 30,43 Italy 46,76 Netherlands 53,07

Structure of cases 2000 to 2008

Stimulating peaceful resolution of disputes by consent? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2007. Litigations in MC Judgment Settlement Else 62% 2% 36% Commercial litigations Judgment Settlement Else 50,8% 3,6% 45,6%

Can you see some change? 2001.-2007. Year Litigations resolved by: Judgment % Court settlement % Else % 2001. 2002. 2003. 2004. 2005. 2006. 2007. 73154 67805 76407 103589 87762 79612 79446 62,6 58,2 64,1 65,1 57,0 61,4 62,2 3327 2857 2565 3528 3527 2814 2742 2,8 2,5 2,2 2,0 2,3 2,2 2,1 40312 45779 40135 52376 62623 47284 45619 34,5 39,3 33,7 32,9 40,7 36,5 35,7 Year Judgment based on A full hearing % Admittance % Default % 2001. 2002. 2003. 2004. 2005. 2006. 2007. 55603 51832 60180 75620 62806 61309 63927 76,0 76,4 78,8 73,0 71,6 77,0 80,5 7132 6985 6720 13474 13496 8115 4945 9,7 10,3 8,8 13,0 15,4 10,2 6,2 10419 8988 9507 14495 11460 10188 10574 14,2 13,3 12,4 14,0 13,1 12,8 13,3

Reform as a task in European accession? Can EU accession process resolve the problem?

European justice systems and the EU

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2009 Uzelac Croatia Legal Reform

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2009 Uzelac Croatia Legal Reform