Presentation on the designed cooling tower.

1. ABSTRACT DETAILS
COOLING TOWER
Made by : Dev Mehta
FTE MSU.

2. Cooling tower
Basic definition:
Cooling towers are heat removal devices used
to transfer process waste heat to
the atmosphere. Cooling towers may either
use the evaporation of water to remove
process heat and cool the working fluid to near
the wet-bulb air temperature

3. Uses Of Cooling Tower in industry
Industrial cooling towers can be used to remove heat
from various sources such as machinery or heated process
material. The primary use of large, industrial cooling
towers is to remove the heat absorbed in the circulating
cooling water systems used in power plants, petroleum
refineries, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing
plants, food processing plants, semi-conductor plants, and
for other industrial facilities such as in condensers of
distillation columns, for cooling liquid in crystallization, etc

4. Wet bulb temperature:
Wet bulb temperature is the lowest
temperature that can be reached by the
evaporation of water only. It is the
temperature you feel when your skin is wet
and is exposed to moving air. Unlike dry bulb
temperature, wet bulb temperature is an
indication of the amount of moisture in the
air.

5. Heat Transfer Method:
There are different mechanisms for different
cooling towers the method employed in this
particular cooling tower design is on the
principal of evaporation as the cooling tower
designed is wet type.

6. Wet Type Cooling Tower:
In a wet cooling tower, the warm water can be cooled
to a temperature lower than the ambient air dry-bulb
temperature, if the air is relatively dry. As ambient air
is drawn past a flow of water, an small portion of the
water evaporates, the energy required by that portion
of the water to evaporate is taken from the remaining
mass of water reducing its temperature. Evaporation
results in saturated air conditions, lowering the
temperature of the water process by the tower to a
value close to wet bulb air temperature, which is lower
than the ambient dry bulb air temperature, the
difference determined by the humidity of the ambient
air.

7. Air Flow Generation method employed:
Mechanical draft, which uses power driven fan motors to
force or draw air through the tower.
Induced draft: Mechanical draft tower with a fan at the
discharge which pulls air through tower. The fan induces hot
moist air out the discharge. This produces low entering and
high exiting air velocities, reducing the possibility
of recirculation in which discharged air flows back into the air
intake. The main advantage over natural draft is that natural
draft is a comparatively slower process and also it demands
large height of the tower. Advantage over forced draft
method is it has low discharge velocities so air may enter also
it requires a motor with greater horsepower as compared to
the induced draft .

8. Cooling Tower fills :
To achieve better performance (more cooling), a
medium called fill is used to increase the surface area
and the time of contact between the air and water
flows. Splash fill consists of material placed to
interrupt the water flow causing splashing. Film fill is
composed of thin sheets of material upon which the
water flows. Both methods create increased surface
area and time of contact between the fluid (water)
and the gas (air). In this particular design both the
types of fills are used

11. The large arrows show the
Path of water first through the The small arrows show the
sprinkler. Then on the metal direction of air. Atmospheric air
plate which acts as a splash fill enters through various holes
where tiny droplets are formed along all four sides of the plates,
then the water passes through the small holes which are
the Perforated mesh which provided on all four sides at the
removes impurities from the shower and straw pad levels
water and then the water travels and enters the system where
through The straw pads which maximum dissipation of heat
further act as a packing material takes place, then the air along
for increased contact time with water vapor exits to the
Then the water travels through atmosphere from the fan.
the perforated plate having Slits at the bottom of the tower
larger diameters and again also suck in air and discharge
through the Straw pads . The the air from the top of the
water then travels through the tower through the fan.
inclined plates which act as film The positions of the holes are
fill and increase the contact time such that leakage is prevented
And finally the water is collected
in the hopper and then removed
from the system. So the air moving upward will
get humidified and the water
looses its heat as some of it is

12. Tower assembly

14. Closer view of the
Sprinkler and the perforated
plates

16. Material Used:
The material used for the fabrication of this particular cooling
tower is Mild Steel(M.S)
The main advantages of mild steel are :
1. The structure has high strength and hardness .
2. Can withstand high pressures.
3. Has high salvage/scrap value.
4. Can be easily be cleaned and inspected .
The disadvantages of mild steel are :
1. Corrosion- this has been dealt with applying a zinc primer
along with paint.
2. Weight of the structure – cooling tower is not a mobile
structure and so weight doesn’t play a major role

17. Cost Estimate:
1 . Scrap M.S angle/scrap MS plate 50kgs*19 /- per kg =950
2.Old fan =200
3.Over head shower =100
4.Piping/straw pad =100
5.S.S grill and wire mesh =200
6.Colour =150
7.Labour charges for fabrication 50*8 =400
Grand Total =2100 rs.

18. Thank
you