SLU ECE 528T1: Design of Communication Systems Module 1

ECE 528: Module 1
Design of Communication Systems
ECE 528 (Design of Communication Systems)
ECE @Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines 1
Prepared by: Engr. Jeffrey Des B. Binwag
http://www.slideshare.net/desbinwag

Course Requirements
• Quizzes
• Groupworks
• Homeworks
• Exams
• 60% Class Standing Scores
– Quizzes, Groupworks, Homeworks
• 40% Exam Score
• Term Grade= 50 + 30(CS)/TCS+20(Exam)/Exam Total
• FG=(PG+MG+TFG)/3
ECE @Saint Louis University, Baguio City 2
Grading System

21 3
4 cm
3 cm
2 cm
2 cm
3 cm
2 cm
Page Format
(for homeworks/ seatworks)
• Computer printout
• Margins in red ink
• Text in black ink
• Section 1 contains the
• Subject
• Schedule
• Room
• Section 2 contains the names of
group members in two columns
• Section 3 remains blank for
scores/remarks
• Font is Arial, 12 pt.
• CONTENTS
• Homework Title/ Coverage
• Answers to Questions/
Solutions to Problems
• Essential Learning Insights

Module 1
Introduction to Design of
Communication Systems,
Standards Organizations
ECE 528 (Design of Communication Systems)
ECE @Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines 4
Prepared by: Engr. Jeffrey Des B. Binwag
http://www.slideshare.net/desbinwag

Introduction
• Electronic Communication Systems. An organized collection
of equipment, processes, and procedures designed for the
transmission and reception of information using electronics
as primary enabling technology.
• Major Fields of Electronic Communication Systems.
o Telecommunications and Broadcasting
o Fire Detection and Alarm Systems (FDAS)
o Community Antenna Television (CATV)
o Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)
• Design of Communication Systems. Refers to the various
techniques utilized to plan, implement/ establish, operate,
and maintain electronics communication systems according
to established protocols and standards.

Introduction
• Protocol. Sets of rules governing the orderly operation
of systems.
• Standard. An object or procedure considered by an
authority or by general consent as a basis of
comparison. For instance, data communication
standards are guidelines that have been generally
accepted by the data communications industry. They
outline procedures and equipment configurations that
help ensure an orderly transfer of information between
two or more data communication equipment of
networks.

Introduction
• Classification of Standards.
– Proprietary Standards. Closed system standards
generally manufactured or controlled by one
company.
– Open System Standards. Guidelines that can be
used by any company to produce compatible
equipment or software after a royalty has been
paid to the original company.

Associated Standards Organizations for
Electronic Communication Systems
• ACM. Association for Computing Machinery
• ANSI. American National Standards Institute
• ATIS. Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions
• CCITT. International Consultative Committee for Telegraphy
and Telephony (Comité Consultatif Internationale de
Télégraphie et Téléphonie
• CENELEC. European Committee for Electrotechnical
Standardization
• CISPR. International Special Committee on Radio
Interference (Comité International Spécial des Perturbations
Radioélectriques) ECE @Saint Louis University, Baguio City 8

• BICSI. Building Industry Consulting International
• ECMA. European Computer Manufacturer’s Association
• EIA. Electronics Industry Association
• FCC. Federal Communications Commission
• IAB. Internet Architecture Board
• IEC. International Electrotechnical Commision
• IETF. Internet Engineering Task Force
• IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• IRTF. Internet Research Task Force
• ISO. International Standards Organization

• ITU-T. International Telecommunications Union
• JEDEC. Joint electron Device Engineering Council
• JEITA. Japan Electronic Industries and Technologies
Association
• NIST. National Institute of Standards and Technology
• OMG. Object Management Group
• OSF. Open Software Foundation
• SAG. SQL (Structured Query Language) Access Group
• TIA. Telecommunications Industry Association

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
• Founded in 1947 and is headquartered in Geneva,
Switzerland. ISO has three official languages: English,
French, and Russian. Its membership comprises national
standards organizations, one from each of 163 countries.
• ISO defines a standard as “a document that provides
requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics
that can be used consistently to ensure that materials,
products, processes and services are fit for their
purpose.”

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
• Creates and publishes standards for electrical and electronic
technologies. Founded in 1906 and is headquartered in Geneva,
Switzerland.
• Members of the IEC are called National Committees. Each country
can have just one National Committee in the IEC. There are 82
members. ANSI represents the United States.
• IEC has more than 170 technical committee and subcommittees,
along with about 700 project/ maintenance teams that produce
and maintain their standards. Individuals who work on IEC
standards do so through their country’s National Committee.
Voting on IEC standards follows a “one country, one vote” model.

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
• A specialized agency of the United Nations. Its original name was the
International Telegraph Union, and it was founded in Paris in 1865.
• Serves the field of information and communications technology. Now
headquartered in Geneva, it has a membership of 193 countries and over
700 private sector entities and academic institutions. It operates using
the six official languages of the United Nations: Arabic, Chinese, English,
French, Russian, and Spanish.
• The ITU allocates global radio spectrum and satellite orbits. It also
develops technical standards for interconnecting networks and other
technologies in international telecommunications. Some of its standards
work deals with economic and policy issues as well.

• ITU-T Study Groups:
– Network and Service Operation
– Tariff and Accounting Principles
– Telecommunications Management Network and Network Interface
– Protection Against Electromagnetic Environment Effects
– Outside Plant
– Data Networks and Open Systems Communications
– Characteristics of Telematic Systems
– Television and Sound Transmission
– Language and General Software Aspects of Telecommunication Systems
– Signaling Requirements and Protocols
– End-to-end Transmission Performance of Networks and Terminals
– General Network Aspects
– Transport Networks, Systems, and Equipment
– Multimedia Services and Systems

Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC)
• A semiconductor engineering trade organization that also develops
standards for the microelectronics industry. It was created around
the same time that the IC was invented, in 1958, by the Electronics
Industry Association (EIA). EIA had previously helped establish the
Joint Electron Tube Engineering Council.
• JEDEC’s headquarters are located in Arlington, Va. It is accredited
by ANSI and has almost 300 member companies. More than 4000
people from these companies volunteer on JEDEC’s standards
committees. Voting on JEDEC standards follows the “one company,
one vote” model.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• Founded in 1918 and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with
an operational office in New York City. Its mission is “to enhance
both the global competitiveness of U.S. business and the U.S.
quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus
standards and conformity assessment systems, and safeguarding
their integrity.”
• The private, non-profit organization oversees the development
of voluntary, consensus-developed standards. It is dedicated to
strengthening the U.S. in the global marketplace while ensuring the
health and safety of consumers and the environment. Its annual
budget is a modest $22 million.

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
• Headquartered in New York City, it was founded in 1947. ACM is
dedicated solely to computing. This scientific and educational
society has more than 100,000 members around the world from
industry, academia, and governments. The current president of
ACM is Vint Cerf, well known as one of the “fathers of the Internet”
(along with Bob Kahn).
• ACM has many special interest groups (SIGs), and some of them
address standardization in their fields of interest. For example, one
of ACM’s SIGs standardized the Ada programming language.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
• Part of the U.S. Department of Commerce, it was founded in 1901
as the National Bureau of Standards. In 1988 its name was changed
to NIST to include a general technology direction for its standards
in addition to its original charter of measurement standards.
• NIST’s overall goal is to enhance industry in the U.S. through
standards-related tools and information to more effectively
compete in the global marketplace. NIST standards touch a wide
range of technologies including the smart power grid, nanoscience,
and semiconductors.

Ecma International
• A private, non-profit organization based in Geneva. It enables the
creation of standards for consumer electronics (CE) and
information and communications technology (ICT).
• Formed in 1961 as the European Computer Manufacturers
Association (ECMA). In 1994 it changed its name to Ecma
International, dropping the acronym and full capitalization, to
signify the global nature of its activities. Today, Ecma’s Web site
specifically calls out its versions in the Belorussian and Romanian
languages.

CENELEC
• The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. It
was founded in 1973 as a merger of two previous European
organizations and is headquartered in Brussels, Belgium.
• It is a non-profit organization set up under Belgium law and is
responsible for standardization in Electrotechnical engineering.
The European Commission has designated CENELEC as one of the
three European Standards Organizations, along with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).

JEITA
• Formed in 2000 from the merger of two long-standing previous
organizations, the Electronic Industries Association of Japan (EIAJ)
and the Japan Electronic Industries Development Association
(JEIDA).
• Its charter is to further Japan’s economy by advancing its
electronics and information technology industries. JEITA supports
manufacturing, trade, and consumption internationally of products
from these industries.

Comité Consultatif Internationale de Télégraphie et Téléphonie
(CCITT)
• Based in Geneva, Switzerland, it was established as part of the
United Nations International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and
ITU remains its parent organization. The CCITT studies and
recommends use of communications standards that are recognized
throughout the world, and publishes its recommendations every
four years.
• The CCITT has been divided into study groups for the 1997-2000
study period; each study group is preparing recommendations for
standards in a different subject area.

Electronics Industries Association (EIA)
• An organization founded in 1924 by U.S. manufacturers
of electronic parts and equipment. It develops industry
standards for the interface between data processing and
communications equipment and has published many
standards associated with telecommunications and
computer communication.
• The EIA works closely with other associations such as
ANSI and ITU (CCITT).

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
• A U.S.-based society that publishes a variety of standards including those
for data communications.
• A subgroup of the IEEE, the 802 committees began developing network
specifications in 1980 to ensure low-cost interfaces. These specifications
are passed on to the ANSI for approval and standardization within the
United States. They are also forwarded to the ISO.
• The IEEE realized that a single network standard would be inadequate
because it would not be able to account for the diverse hardware and
emerging architectures. To adequately cover the wide range of subjects,
the society established committees that were to be responsible for
defining standards in different networking areas.

• The IEEE standards development process can be broken
down into seven basic steps:
1. Securing Sponsorship
2. Requesting Project Authorization
3. Assembling a Working Group
4. Drafting the Standard
5. Balloting
6. Review Committee
7. Final Vote
• Each year, the IEEE-SA conducts over 200 standards
ballots, a process by which proposed standards are voted
upon for technical reliability and soundness.

Object Management Group (OMG)
• Consists of almost 300 organizations involved in
developing a suite of languages, interfaces, and protocol
standards that vendors can use to create applications
that will operate in multivendor environments.
• OMG certifies products designed to meet the standards
and specifications agreed upon by the OMG members.

Building Industry Consulting Service International (BICSI)
• A global professional association that supports the
information and communication technology (ICT)
community.
• BICSI members and credential holders are individuals
that design, install and maintain ICT infrastructure.
• Serves more than 23,000 ICT professionals through
training, publications, conferences, and credentialing
programs.
• Its headquarters is located in Tampa, Florida, USA with a
membership spanning nearly 100 countries

Open Software Foundation (OSF)
• The OSF, part of the Open Group, creates computing
environments by acquiring and combining technologies
from other vendors and distributing the results to
interested parties.
• These vendor-neutral environments, referred to as the
Open System Software Environment, can be used to
create a collection of open systems technologies in which
users can incorporate software and hardware from
several sources.

SQL Access Group (SAG)
• A part of the ANSI standards, SAG is a consortium of 39 companies
that was founded in 1989 by Hewlett-Packard, Digital, Oracle
Corporation, and Sun Microsystems. Its charter is to work with the
ISO to create standards covering the interoperability of front- and
back-end systems.
• SAG's purpose is to promote interoperability among structured
query language (SQL) standards so that several SQL-based
relational databases and tools can work together in a multivendor
database environment. This will make it possible for different
database applications running on different platforms to share and
exchange data.

Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
• IAB earlier known as Internet Activities Board is a committee created by ARPA
(Advanced Research Projects Agency) so as to analyse the activities of ARPANET
whose purpose is to accelerate the advancement of technologies useful for U.S
military. IAB is a technical advisory group of the Internet Society and its
responsibilities are:
A. Oversees the architecture protocols and procedures used by the Internet.
B. Manages the processes used to create Internet Standards and also serves
as an appeal board for complaints regarding improper execution of
standardization process.
C. Responsible for administration of the various Internet assigned numbers.
D. Acts as a representative for Internet Society interest in liaison relationships
with other organizations
E. Acts as a source of advice and guidance to the board of trustees and
officers of Internet Society concerning various aspects of internet and its
technologies.

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
• The IETF is a large international community of network designers,
operators, vendors and researchers concerned with the evolution
of the Internet architecture and smooth operation of the Internet.
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)
• The IRTF promotes research of importance to the evolution of the
future Internet by creating focused, long-term and small research
groups working on topics related to Internet protocols,
applications, architecture and technology.

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SLU ECE 528T1: Design of Communication Systems Module 1