The aquatic biome includes freshwater and marine ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems include lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams, which can be divided into lentic (calm water) and lotic (running water) systems. Marine ecosystems cover the vast oceans and include pelagic, benthic, abyssal, and intertidal zones. Key aquatic habitats include coral reefs, which support high biodiversity, estuaries where freshwater mixes with saltwater, and wetlands that provide habitat for many species. Aquatic ecosystems contain diverse communities of plankton, nekton that actively swim, and benthos attached to surfaces.

2. Aquatic Biome
• it makes up the largest part of the
biosphere
• There are two main types of Aquatic
Biomes: 1.Freshwater
2. Marine
• High biodiversity

3. • The amount of dissolved materials present
• The depth of water
• The availability and quality of light
• The nature of the bottom substrate
• Water temperature and circulating System

4. Three Main Ecological Groups
1. Plankton
– organisms incapable of
swimming from current
system to another
current system
(floating)
Two Major Categories
1. Phytoplankton- plant
plankton
2. Zooplankton- animal
plankton

5. Three Main Ecological Groups
• 2. Nekton
- stronger swimming
species that are capable of
swimming between
current system
Examples: fishes, squids and
whales

6. Three Main Ecological groups
3. Benthos
- attached organisms
or resting on bottom
mostly filter feeders
Examples: seaweeds,
barnacles and lobsters

7. FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM
• It makes up only 0.01% of the worlds water
and approximately 0.08% of earth’s surface
• Have a salt concentration of less than 1%,
• Covers Ponds ,lakes streams and rivers

8. Two distinct categories of Freshwater
Ecosystem
1. Lotic System
- Running water
- It includes streams
and rivers
2. Lentic System
- Calm water
- includes Lakes and ponds

9. Streams and Rivers (LOTIC SYSTEM)
• These are bodies of
flowing water
moving in one
direction
• has higher oxygen
levels

10. 3 DIFFERENT ZONES IN LOTIC SYSTEM
1. Littoral zone
- shoreline, shallow
water region with light
penetrating up to
bottom with rooted
plants

11. 2. Limnetic
- open water zone to
depth of effective light
penetration

12. 3. Profundal
- bottom and deep
water area beyond
effective light
penetration ( absent in
ponds)

13. In lotic system ….
• Critical water velocity is
50 cm/sec
• Lotic food chains are
detritus based

14. PONDS AND LAKES
• These regions range in
size from just a few
square meters to
thousands of square
kilometers.
• Ponds and lakes may
have limited species
diversity since they are
often isolated from one
another

15. Classification of Lake
1. Eutrophic lakes
- well nourished lake
- shallow
- very poor visibility

16. 2. Oligotrophic Lakes
- a poorly nourished
lake
- Often deep w/ deep
banks

17. 3. Mesotrophic Lake
- lake with moderate
supply
-these are lakes that fall
between ntwo extreme
of nutrient enrichment

18. WETLANDS
• Wetlands are areas of
standing water that
support aquatic plants
• Many species of
amphibians, reptiles,
birds (such as ducks and
waders), and furbearers
can be found in the
wetlands

19. MARINE ECOSYSTEM
• The largest of all the ecosystems
• Oceans are very large bodies of water that
dominate the Earth's surface.
• Ocean contains the richest diversity of species
even though it contains fewer species than
there are on land.

20. 4 ZONES
1. Intertidal zone
- is where the ocean
meets the land —
sometimes it is
submerged and at
other times
exposed, as waves
and tides come in
and out

21. 2. Pelagic zone
-includes those
waters further from
the land, basically
the open ocean

22. 3. Benthic zone
- is the area
below the pelagic
zone, but does
not include the
very deepest
parts of the ocean

23. 4.Abyssal zone
-deep ocean
-The water in this
region is very cold
(around 3° C),
highly pressured,
high in oxygen
content, but low in
nutritional content

24. CORAL REEFS
• Sometimes called
“Tropical Rainforest of
the Ocean”
• They can be found as
barriers along
continents
• Highly diverse in species

25. 3 TYPES OF CORAL REEFS
1. FRINGING REEFS
-coral reefs that are
close to the shore,
separated by low
waters

26. 2. BARRIER REEFS
-Reefs that are at least
10 kilometers away
from land are called
barrier reefs.

27. 3. ATOLL REEFS
-A circular coral island
that is far away from
land is called an atoll
- Atolls form when
coral develops on a
volcanic island that has
sunk below the wateR

28. ESTUARINES
• Are areas where
freshwater streams or
rivers merge with the
Ocean
• Microflora like algae,
and macroflora, such as
seaweeds, marsh
grasses, and mangrove
trees (only in the
tropics), can be found
here.

29. • Estuaries support a
diverse fauna, including
a variety of worms,
oysters, crabs, and
waterfowl.

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