5. Energy Efficient
Computing
Infrastructure
(STFC)
De-identified admin
(inc. health) data
Business
data
Open data
(public sector)
Social media
data
Research
data
Longitudinal
survey data
Open data
Securely held data
Environment
data
Business and LG Data
Research Centres
(ESRC)
Admin Data Research
Centres (ESRC)
High Performance
Data Environment
(NERC)
Clinical
data
Medical Bioinformatics (MRC)
Understanding Populations
(ESRC)
Clinical Practice Datalink
(MHRA, NIHR)
100,000 Genome Project NHS)
Research Data Facility (EPSRC)
European Bioinformatics
Institute (EMBL)
Bioscience E-Infrastructure
(BBSRC)
Square Kilometre Array (STFC)
Digital Transformations
(AHRC)
Archive
data
Open Data
Institute
Commercial
Research
Understanding Populations
(ESRC)
6. New Research Questions
▶ Social media data offers
the possibility of studying
social processes as they
unfold at the level of
populations, as an
alternative to traditional
surveys or interviews.
▶ The data from social media
is described as "qualitative
data on a quantitative
scale" and requires
innovative analysis
techniques.
Social media data and
real time analytics
12. New Forms of Data
▶ Internet data, derived from social
media and other online interactions
(including data gathered by
connected people and devices, eg
mobile devices, wearable
technology, Internet of Things)
▶ Tracking data, monitoring the
movement of people and objects
(including GPS/geolocation data,
traffic and other transport sensor
data, CCTV images etc)
▶ Satellite and aerial imagery (eg
Google Earth, Landsat, infrared,
radar mapping etc) http://www.oecd.org/sti/sci-tech/new-data-for-
understanding-the-human-condition.htm
13. New Forms of Data Centre for Doctoral Training
Much of the value of ‘new forms of data’ lie in the
potential for them to be analysed in near real-time,
which presents opportunities for revealing
phenomena as they unfold, enabling timely response
with immediate influence.
Such analysis brings distinct new computational
requirements, requires new skills, and makes new
demands on the ease of use and capability of the
national e-Infrastructure.
http://www.esrc.ac.uk/funding-and-guidance/postgraduates/dtc/
dtc-policy/commissioning-of-centres-for-doctoral-training.aspx
14. A rehearsal for the future
▶ The Internet of Things
describes a world in which
everyday objects are
connected to a network so that
data can be shared
▶ But it is really as much about
people as the inanimate object
▶ It is impossible to anticipate
all the social changes that
could be created by connecting
billions of devices
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/internet-of-things-blackett-review
15. There is no such thing as the Internet of Things
There is no such thing as a closed system
Humans are creative and subversive
The Rise of the Bots A Swarm of Drones
Accidents happen (in the lab, bin)
Holding machines to account Software vulnerability
Where are the throttle points?
@dder
16. PETRAS Privacy, Ethics, Trust, Reliability, Acceptability, and Security
for the Internet of Things
• The fusion of the cyber, physical and human elements
• Scale: from 1mm3 devices to large infrastructure systems
• Managing devices throughout their (decades long) lifetimes
• New and evolving threat landscape
• Continue to operate when partially compromised
The Challenges are numerous
• Safety vs Security
• Security vs Efficiency
• Hardening vs Adaptive Response
Tradeoffs
19. Real life is and must be full of all kinds of social
constraint – the very processes from which society
arises. Computers can help if we use them to create
abstract social machines on the Web: processes in
which the people do the creative work and the
machine does the administration... The stage is set
for an evolutionary growth of new social engines.
The ability to create new forms of social process
would be given to the world at large, and
development would be rapid.
Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, 1999 (pp. 172–175)
Social Machines
21. Observer of
one social
machine
Observers using third
party observatory
Observer of
multiple social
machines
Human
participants in
Social
Machine
Human participants in
multiple Social Machines
Observer of Social
Machine infrastructure
1
4
2
3
5
6
SM
SM
SM
Social Machine
Observing Social
Machines
7
@dder
De Roure, D.,
Hooper, C., Page,
K., Tarte, S., and
Willcox, P. 2015.
Observing Social
Machines Part 2:
How to Observe?
ACM Web Science
22.
23. Edwards, P. N., et al. (2013) Knowledge Infrastructures: Intellectual Frameworks and Research
Challenges. Ann Arbor: Deep Blue. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97552
27. New Data New Computation
▶ From Large Hadron Collider to Large People Collider
▶ New forms of data, new social processes
▶ Internet of Things is a thing
▶ Growing requirement for realtime data fusion and
analytics
▶ Increasing automation: growth of machine learning
▶ Fourth quadrant is underpinned by emerging
computational capability