[DCSB] Charlotte Roueché (King's College London), "Digital Classics: Back to the Future?"

Digital Classics: Back to the
Future?
Charlotte Roueché
Berlin
14 October 2014

Text in Context
Johann Joachim Winckelmann
1717-1768

Page from the
notebook of John
Deering, 1812

Martin William
Leake, geographer,
1777-1860
National Portrait
Gallery, London

Philipp August
Böckh, classical
scholar, 1785-1867

< Annotation by
Louis Robert
< Letter from William
Martin Leake
< On behalf of the
Royal Society of
Literature (est. 1820)
< Enclosing
transcripts by John
Gandy Deering
<Addressed to
Augustus
Boeckh

I work with
inscriptions,
which means that
I deal with
fragments

ala2004 number 59: Gameboard, recomposed

ala2004 number 57: Inscription of Pytheas

ala2004 Gameboard:
Reassembling
fragments may require
personal intervention!

What is epigraphy?
1.The study of language and texts
2. The study of objects
3. Archaeology
4.Art History
5.History of events and institutions
6.Social History
7.History of thought
8.History of scholarship

What is Classics?
3. Archaeology
4.Art History
6.Social History

Epigraphy
3. Archaeology
4.Art History
6.Social History

Perge: on a pilaster in
the ‘Takitosstrasse’:
SEG 34.1306, from I.
Kaygusuz, Epigraphica
Anatolica 4 (1984); SEG
39.1389, from C.
Roueché, in M. M.
Mackenzie and C.
Roueché edd., Images of
Authority: Papers
presented to Joyce
Reynolds (Cambridge
1989) 206-28; SEG
41.1334, from P. Weiss,
'Auxe Perge', Chiron
(1991), 353-92; 47.1789.

Perge: capital of pilaster with acclamations

αὖξε Πέργη, ἡ μόνη ἄσυλος
αὖξε Πέργη,ᾗ Τάκιτος
[ . . .
[ . . .
[αὖξε Πέργη, ἡ ἀπὸ Οἁεσ[πα]-
[σιανοῦ ν]εωκόρος
[αὖξε Πέργ]η, ἡ ἱερῷ οὐιξίλλῳ
[ τετ]ειμημένη
[αὖ]ξε Πέργη, ἡ ἀργυρῷ νομίσ-
ματι τετειμημένη·
Διάν<ε> Εφεσίᾳ καὶ Διάνῃ Περγησίᾳ
αὖξε Πέργη,ὁ θησαυρὸς
τοῦ κυρίου
αὖξε Πέργη, δ᾿ νεωκόρος
αὖξε Πέργη,ἡ πρώτη τῶν
ἀγορέων
αὖξε Πέργη, ᾗ ὑπα[τι]κοὶ
φιλοδοξοῦσιν
αὖξε Πέργη, ᾗ ὑπα[τι]κοὶ
ἀγω[ν]οθετοῦσιν
αὖξε Πέργη, ἡ κορυφὴ
τῆς Παμφυλίας
αὖξε Πέργη, ἡ μηδ[ὲ]ν
ψευδομένη
πάντ[α] τὰ δίκαια [δ]όγμα-
τι Συνκλήτου
Perge.
Acclamations, 275-6 AD
On a pilaster (ll 1-2 on the capital)

Up with Perge, only (city) with asylum!
Up with Perge, to whom Tacitus
( . . .)
Up with Perge, temple warden since Vespasian!
Up with Perge, honoured with a sacred standard!
Up with Perge, honoured with silver coinage!
Dian of Ephesus and Diana of Perge!
Up with Perge, treasury of the Emperor!
Up with Perge, 4 times temple-warden!
Up with Perge, first of the assizes!
Up with Perge, in which consulars delight!
Up with Perge, in which consulars hold contests!
Up with Perge, supreme in Pamphylia!
Up with Perge, never false!
All the rights (confirmed) by decree of the Senate
SEG 34.1306, from I. Kaygusuz, Epigraphica Anatolica 4
(1984); 39.1389; 41.1334; 47.1789.

Aphrodisias:
Funerary
monument for
Asclepiodotus
(left side)
ala2004 54

Anthologia Palatina 9, 704
Τήκει καὶ πέτρην ὁ πολὺϲ χρόνοϲ· ἀλλ̣' ἀρετάων
Ἀϲκληπιοδότου τὸ κλέοϲ ἀθάνατον,
ὅϲϲα καὶ οἷα πόρεν γέρα πατρίδι τοῖϲ ἐπὶ πᾶϲιν
καὶ τόδε μετρείϲθω κοῖλον ἔρειϲμα θόλου.
Long time wears away even stone; but the fame of Asclepiodotus’
virtues is immortal, the number and kind of privileges which he
obtained for his country. In addition to all these, let this adjacent
structure of the vaulted chamber be counted as well.

Aphrodisias
Funerary
monument
for
Asclepiodotus
(left side)
ala2004 54

Aphrodisias:
Funerary
monument
for
Asclepiodotus
(top)
ala2004 54

Aphrodisias:
Funerary
monument
for
Asclepiodotus
(left side)
ala2004 54

I Eph 1939
Ἑχ(ουσιν) οἱ ἵπποι
σὺν τῇ Σκοτ(εινῇ)
κ(αν)δ(ήλας) ιη΄
See D. Feissel
SEG 49.1486

Selcuk Museum:
Bronze statue
of a
Victory
found during
excavation of the
Embolos

Aphrodisias:
Base for a statue of
the governor
Flavius Palmatus
ala2004 62

Aphrodisias
Drawing to show statue
of Flavius Palmatus
(governor, early 6th century)
reassembled on the original base
Provided by
Professor R.R.R.Smith

Aphrodisias
The city honours
Candidianus
victor in the
circuit of contests,
and in Aktia
IAph2007, 8.87

Aphrodisias: Archive Wall of imperial letters

Aphrodisias:
Base of honorific statue of
Marcus Aurelius Diogenes
governor of Caria-Phrygia
250’s
ala2004 5

Aphrodisias: Hadrianic Baths: ‘If anyone who has money in
his purse or pocket doesn’t deposit it, it is his own
responsibility’.

Aphrodisias: Theatre stage: tightrope walker

Aphrodisias: Odeon/Bouleuterion
Stage rooms:Graffito IAph2007 2.3

Aphrodisias: Theatre: seat with image of Thrax

Aphrodisias: Honorific epigrams for Asclepiodotus ala2004 53

[λ]άμπει κ(αὶ) φθιμένοιϲ ἀρετῆϲ φάοϲ, οἳ περὶ πά̣τ̣ρη̣[ϲ]
πολλὰ πονηϲάμενοι ξυνὸν ἔθεντ' ὄφελ̣[οϲ.]
Ἀϲκληπιοδότωι λόγοϲ ἥρμο̣ϲεν, ὧι πόλιϲ ἥ̣[δε]
οἷάπερ οἰκιϲτῆι τόνδ' ἀνέθηκε τύπο[ν.]
dash
5 Τήκει καὶ πέτρην ὁ πολὺϲ χρόνοϲ· ἀλ̣λ̣' ἀ̣[ρετάων]
Ἀϲκληπιοδότου τὸ κλέοϲ ἀθάνατον,
ὅϲϲα καὶ οἷα πόρεν γέρα πατρίδι τοῖϲ ἐπὶ π[ᾶϲιν]
καὶ τόδε μετρείϲθω ξυνὸν ἔρειϲμα θό̣[λου.]
Line 8, for ξυνὸν, AP has κοῖλον.
The light of virtue shines even for dead men, who, undertaking
many labours for their country, established general benefits. The
saying fits Asclepiodotus, for whom this city has dedicated this
statue as for a founder.
Long time wears away even stone; but the fame of Asclepiodotus’
virtues is immortal, the number and kind of privileges which he
obtained for his country. In addition to all these, let this adjacent
structure of the vaulted chamber be counted as well.
.

Aphrodisias
Archive of
imperial letters:
detail

Jeanne and Louis Robert at Claros

We have written this after reading it
from inscriptions on marble tablets or
after making enquiries of those who
have read it.
Parastaseis syntomai chronikai, edd.
and trans. Averil Cameron and Judith
Herrin, Constantinople in the early
eighth century (Leiden 1984), section
24.

One day we went off to the Kynegion with Himerius the aforementioned
honourable chartularius to investigate the statues (eikones) there, and found
among them one that was small in height and squat and very heavy. While I was
wondering at it and not getting on with my enquiry, Himerius said ‘You are right
to wonder, for he is the builder of the Kynegion’. When I said ‘Maximian was the
builder and Aristides the architect’, immediately the statue (stele) fell from its
height, which was great, and dealt Himerius a great blow and killed him on the
spot. I was afraid, for there was no-one else there except for the men who were
holding our mules, and they were outside the steps. Terrified of being hurt
myself, I dragged him by the right foot to where they throw the convicts and tried
to throw him in, but in my terror I let go of the load at the edge of the bank and
ran away and sought asylum in the Great Church. When I told the truth about
what had happened, I was not believed until I resorted to confirmation by oath,
since I was the only one who had seen the event at the time. So the dead man’s
relations and the friends of the emperor went with me to the place, and before
approaching where the man lay fallen, stared in amazement at where the statue
lay fallen. A certain John, a philosopher, said ‘By divine providence, I find it so in
the writings of Demosthenes, that a man of rank would be killed by the statue
(zodion)’. And he told this at once to the Emperor Philippicus (711-13) and was
commanded to bury the statue (zodion) in that place; which indeed was done, for
it was impossible to destroy it.
Parastaseis 28

Epigraphy and Technology
1.Transport
2.Photography
3.Digitisation

From the papers
of William Calder,
epigrapher.

Joyce Reynolds at Cyrene, February
2008

Epigrapher - Calder - at work, 12 June 1926
‘was able to make a first-rate squeeze’

As compared with the speed of the
hand-copyist, ours was necessarily
slow. Many ancient blocks are so
placed that it takes time and trouble to
heave them into a position where the
camera or the squeeze brush can
reach them.
(Calder, MAMA I, p.x)

Aphrodisias in Late Antiquity 2004:
The publication has an ISBN:
access to library catalogues is still a problem

Inscriptions of Aphrodisias 2007 is
a whole corpus: some 1,500 texts,
and some 200 more to be added as
they become available

This permits a very
full account

In 2009 we republished J.M. Reynolds’ Inscriptions of
Roman Tripolitania (1952), republished 2009

The new
MAMA XI,
published in
2012 by
Peter
Thonemann,
is a very
important
example of
high-quality
scholarship
online.

Epigraphy + Technology
=
Higher Standards
together with
Wider Access

Classics and technology
1.Access
2.Communication
3.Interrelationships

TLG
1985
PHI
1987
Perseus: 1992, 1996

Some
resources
are paid
for

Collaborative textual editing is what used
to happen in a series of printed editions. It
can involve scholars, enthusiasts and
students. Tools are being developed by
the Perseus team
Bridget Almas and Marie-Claire Beaulieu, PhD.
Tufts University

For papyri.info material can be contributed,
peer reviewed, and published online

Linking materials has been made much easier by the work of
the Pelagios Project at the OU, Southampton and Vienna

Linked data| There and back again
Exploring Relations between
Places through Data
Exploring Relations between
Data through Place
http://pelagios-project.blogspot.co.uk/
https://github.com/pelagios/pelagios-cookbook/wiki

Each page contains the basic data about an inscription

If you want to know more about the place, you click its name

The Pleiades
reference links
you, via Pelagios,
to a range of
other collections
of information.
We can benefit
from other
people’s
research, and
share our own.

The Latin texts can be
exported directly to
EDH

http://www.ancientwisdoms.ac.uk/

“Linked Ancient Data” cloud
SAWS manuscripts contain references to geographical
places that are listed in the Pleiades ancient gazetteer
SAWS texts and their inter-relationships
are modelled
by an ontology that reuses
the FRBRoo and CIDOC
models
Pelagios
A ‘networking medium’ for ancient
places, using Linked Open Data
principles
http://pelagios-project.blogspot.co.uk/
Several datasets are linked together in
Pelagios, including…
Pelagios links together
several datasets via
shared geographical
links (using Pleiades
URIs, OAC annotations
and VoID descriptions)
Content links
exist between
SAWS and
Perseus texts
Sharing Ancient Wisdoms
Exploring the tradition of Greek & Arabic wisdom
literatures using Semantic Web Technologies
http://www.ancientwisdoms.ac.uk/
Pleiades
An online gazetteer of
ancient geographical
places
http://pleiades.stoa.org/
Perseus
A digital library of
transcriptions of ancient
texts
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/
SPQR
Semantic descriptions of data on
Byzantine resources including
ancient papyri and inscriptions
http://spqr.cerch.kcl.ac.uk/
Nomisma
Data on ancient
coin hoards
http://nomisma.or
g/
Geographical
references in
SAWS texts
are being
linked to
Pelagios
Papyri.info
Papyrological
documents
http://papyri.info/
Iaph & IRT
Inscriptions from
Aphrodisias and from
Roman Tripolitania
http://insaph.kcl.ac.uk/
http://irt.kcl.ac.uk/
SPQR semantic data describe
data on inscriptions and papyri
CIDOC-CRM
A cultural heritage model
http://www.cidoc-crm.org/
FRBR-oo
A model of bibliographic
records, harmonised with
CIDOC http://www.cidoc-crm.
org/frbr_inro.html

But you really need to
understand your text in
order to encode it.
The mental discipline and
analysis will be familiar to
anyone who has translated
into Latin or Greek.
Ancient language training
has never been more
relevant.

Classics + Technology
=
Higher Standards
together with
Wider Access

This is therefore allowing the
classical and medieval
communities to work together
in new ways. It is enabling us
to rebuild the international
community of earlier periods.
It is also allowing - perhaps
requiring - us to rebuild the
relationships between all the
elements of
Altertumswissenschaft.

[DCSB] Charlotte Roueché (King's College London), "Digital Classics: Back to the Future?"

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[DCSB] Charlotte Roueché (King's College London), "Digital Classics: Back to the Future?"