Car Alarms & Smoke Alarms [Monitorama]
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Nobody likes false negatives. When your Nagios probes fail to detect a problem, it can hurt your sales, your reputation, and even your ego (especially your ego). The solution: tune the thresholds. Right? You can handle a couple spurious late-night pages if it means you’ll reliably detect real failures. I will argue that – while easy – exchanging false negatives for false positives does more harm than good. Borrowing the medical concepts of specificity and sensitivity, I’ll show how deceptive this tradeoff can be. I’ll also make the case that putting in the extra effort to minimize both types of falsehoods is necessary and healthy. When the alarm goes off, you shouldn’t have to spend precious minutes sniffing for smoke.
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Car Alarms & Smoke Alarms [Monitorama]
- 1. Car Alarms & Smoke Alarms & Monitoring
- 2. Who’s this punk? • Dan Slimmon • @danslimmon on the Twitters • Senior Platform Engineer at Exosite • Previously Operations Team Manager at Blue State Digital
- 4. Learn to do some stats and visualization. You’ll be right much more often, & people will THINK you’re right even more often than that!
- 6. A word problem You’ve invented an automated test for plagiarism.
- 8. • Plagiarism: 90% chance of positive • No Plagiarism: 20% chance of positive • Jerkwad kids plagiarize 30% of the time A word problem
- 9. Question 1 Given a random paper, what’s the probability that you’ll get a negative result? • Plagiarism: 90% chance of positive • No Plagiarism: 20% chance of positive • 30% chance of plagiarism
- 10. Question 2 If there’s plagiarism, what’s the probability PLAJR will detect it? • Plagiarism: 90% chance of positive • No plagiarism: 20% chance of positive • 30% chance of plagiarism
- 11. Question 2 If there’s plagiarism, what’s the probability you’ll detect it? • Plagiarism: 90% chance of positive • No plagiarism: 20% chance of positive • 30% chance of plagiarism
- 12. Question 3 If you get a positive result, what’s the probability that the paper is plagiarized? • Plagiarism: 90% chance of positive • No plagiarism: 20% chance of positive • 30% chance of plagiarism
- 16. Question 1 Given a random paper, what’s the probability that you’ll get a negative result?
- 18. Question 2 If the paper is plagiarized, what’s the probability that you’ll get a positive result?
- 20. Question 3 If you get a positive result, what’s the probability that the paper was plagiarized?
- 22. Question 3 If you get a positive result, what’s the probability that the paper was plagiarized? Dark Green ------------------------------------------ (Dark Blue) + (Dark Green)
- 23. Question 3 If you get a positive result, what’s the probability that the paper was plagiarized? 27 ------------------------------------------ 14 + 27
- 24. Question 3 If you get a positive result, what’s the probability that the paper was plagiarized? 65.8%
- 25. Sensitivity & Specificity Sensitivity: % of actual positives that are identified as such Specificity: % of actual negatives that are identified as such
- 26. Sensitivity & Specificity Sensitivity: High sensitivity Test is very sensitive to problems Specificity: High specificity Test works for a specific type of problem
- 27. Specificity: Probability that, if a paper isn’t plagiarized, you’ll get a negative. Sensitivity & Specificity Sensitivity: Probability that, if a paper is plagiarized, you’ll get a positive. 90% 80%
- 30. Positive Predictive Value The probability that If you get a positive result, Then it’s a true positive.
- 31. When you get paged at 3 AM, Positive Predictive Value is the probability that something is actually wrong.
- 32. Imagine if you will... • Service has 99.9% uptime • Probe has 99% sensitivity • Probe has 99% specificity
- 34. Let’s calculate the PPV.
- 36. The true-positive probability P(TP) = (prob. of service failure) * (sensitivity) P(TP) = 0.1% * 99% P(TP) = 0.099% Let’s calculate the probability that any given probe run will produce a true positive.
- 37. The true-positive probability P(TP) = 0.099% So roughly 1 in every 1000 checks will be a true positive.
- 38. The false-positive probability P(FP) = (prob. working) * (100% - specificity) P(FP) = 99.9% * 1% P(FP) = 0.99% So roughly 1 in every 100 checks will be a false positive.
- 40. Positive predictive value PPV = P(TP) / [P(TP) + P(FP)] PPV = 0.099% / (0.099% + 0.99%) PPV = 9.1% If you get a positive, there’s only a 1 in 10 chance that something’s actually wrong.
- 41. Why is this terrible?
- 44. You want smoke alarms, not car alarms.
- 45. Practical Advice
- 47. Why do we have such noisy checks?
- 49. Monty Python’s Flying Circus, 1975.
- 50. Semi-Practical Advice Undetected outages are embarrassing, so we tend to focus on sensitivity. That’s good. But be careful with thresholds.
- 51. Semi-Practical Advice Response Time Threshold Positive Predictive Value
- 52. Semi-Practical Advice Get more degrees of freedom.
- 53. Semi-Practical Advice Response Time Threshold Positive Predictive Value
- 54. Semi-Practical Advice Hysteresis is a great way to add degrees of freedom. • State machines • Time-series analysis
- 55. Semi-Practical Advice As your uptime increases, so must your specificity. It affects your PPV much more than sensitivity.
- 58. Semi-Practical Advice Separate the concerns of problem detection and problem identification
- 59. Semi-Practical Advice • Check Apache process count • Check swap usage • Check median HTTP response time • Check requests/second
- 60. Your alerting should tell you whether work is getting done. Baron Schwartz (paraphrased)
- 61. Semi-Practical Advice • Check Apache process count • Check swap usage • Check median HTTP response time • Check requests/second
- 62. Semi-Practical Advice • Check Apache process count • Check swap usage • Check median HTTP response time & requests/second
- 63. A Pony I Want Something like Nagios, but which • Helps you separate detection from diagnosis • Is SNR-aware
- 64. • Medical paper with a nice visualization:http://tinyurl.com/specsens • Blog post with some algebra: http://tinyurl.com/carsmoke • Base rate fallacy:http://tinyurl.com/brfallacy • Bischeck:http://tinyurl.com/bischeck Other useful stuff
- 66. Come find me and chat.