This an introduction to 1st and 2nd conditional.

1. Created by: Yasmeen
Fazaia School/Colleges
Pakistan

2. Contents
• 1st Conditional:
Sequence of Tenses
• 2nd conditional:
Sequences of tenses
• 2nd conditional (pure imagination)
• Review
• Learning check
• Homework

3. The Conditional
If I work hard, I
If it doesn't rain, will pass the exam
we will be having in good grades.
a picnic.
These people are
talking about possible
future actions.
They believe that
something will happen
as a result of an
action.

4. The Conditional
Type1
IF –CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Present simple Future simple
If it doesn’t rain, we ‘ll have a picnic.
If I work hard , I ‘ll pass the exam in good grades.
If you don’t practice grammar, you won’t get any better.
If we don’t clean our teeth, we will get sick.

5. The Conditional
Type 2
If I had a million
dollar, I would buy If my dreams came true,
a yacht. I would travel round the
world.
These people talk about
imaginary situation in
the IF- clause and
speculate about their
imaginary consequences
the main clause.

6. The Conditional
Type 2
IF clause Main clause
past simple Would+ infinitive
If my dreams came true, I would travel round the world.
If I had a million pounds, I would probably buy a yacht.
If they sent us invitation we would go to their party.
If mom bought him a kite he would fly it on
Sunday.

7. The Conditional
type 2
When we talk about purely imaginary situations, ‘were’
is used with all subjects(singular or plural). E.g.
•If there were money trees, no one would work hard.
•If I were a king, I would help all the poor in world.
•If wishes were horses, beggars would ride.

8. Review
• A condition is if X happens then Y follows.
• Conditional clauses are about events that can or might occur.
• Conditional sentences have two clauses: IF- clause & main clause.
• Conditional type 1= for events likely to happen uses:
present simple in IF-clause & future simple in main clause
• Conditional type 2= for events unlikely to happen/imaginary
situations uses:
past simple in IF- clause & would+ infinitive in main clause
• Conditional type 2= for purely imaginary situations uses:
were+ all subjects in IF- clause

9. Learning check
• Complete these conditional sentences.
1. If you don’t study you_____ fail the exam.
will
mix
2. If you ____ (to mix) red and blue you ‘ll get purple.
would
3. If you banged your head against the wall, you _____hurt yourself.
won
4. If I ____ ( win) the lottery, I would stop working.
were
5. If I ______ an astronaut, I would visit Mars.
6. If the world _______ perfect, there would be no wars.
were

10. • Write a conversation between two friends discussing
problems in studies.
Use as many conditional sentences as you can.
• ‘If I had a bewitched jacket (like the one in Dino
Buzzati’s short story) I…….’
Complete the story in 2nd Conditional

11. References
• Oxford Practice Grammar: John Eastwood
• Practical English Grammar: Michael Swan