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The Internet of Things:
The New Rx for Pharmaceuticals
Manufacturing & Supply Chains
Using IoT platforms and solutions, pharmaceuticals companies
can digitize and connect vital functions, elevate efficiencies,
and assure product quality and compliance.
Executive Summary
Product quality, regulatory compliance and oper-
ational efficiencies top the long list of business
priorities for pharmaceuticals executives, who lead
the charge in improving manufacturing and supply
chain performance. Investments in areas such as
shop-floor automation, electronic batch records,
ERP, and warehouse management systems (WMS)
have been made in part to address these concerns,
with varying degrees of success. But due to the
challenges of batch manufacturing, especially
when it comes to monitoring the logistical journey
of pharmaceuticals, industry players continually
face issues related to product degradation and
recalls, compliance with best practices for manu-
facturing (GMP) and distribution (GDP) – not to
mention exorbitant operational costs.
The Internet of Things (IoT), the global network
of small, powerful sensors and interconnected
“things”, allows physical objects  – from heavy
equipment, to mobile and wearable devices, to
vehicles, physical structures, and appliances  –
to connect, interact and share data with one
another or with a central system through the
Internet. This affords higher levels of efficiency,
accuracy, and security by digitizing and
optimizing critical functions, including manufac-
turing and supply chain management. According
to IDC, there were 9.1 billion IoT units installed in
2013 – a number that IDC predicts will increase
to 28.1 billion by 2020.
1
There are multiple scenarios in pharma manu-
facturing and supply chain management where
the Internet of Things can help clear bottle-
necks, ensure greater GMP/GDP compliance, and
reduce operational expenses.
This white paper explores how pharmaceuticals
companies can employ the Internet of Things
to automate and revitalize manufacturing and
supply chain management. We also present an
IoT framework and best practices for accelerat-
ing the transition to digital.
Connecting Opportunities Across the
Pharma Spectrum
In an IoT environment, every “thing” is equipped
with a sensor that allows it to intelligently commu-
nicate and interact with other objects and systems
within the IoT ecosystem. Each object represents a
cognizant 20-20 insights | february 2017
• Cognizant 20-20 Insights
cognizant 20-20 insights 2
node in the virtual network – continually transmit-
ting vital data pertaining to such things as environ-
mental and equipment conditions.
These capabilities are transforming peoples’
lives, and empowering the competitive forces
that drive business. Consider the automotive
industry’s focus on connected cars, and health
care providers’ enthusiastic adoption of wearable
devices. As organizations across sectors examine
and evaluate how the IoT can improve how they
manufacture products, provide services, and
manage their supply chains, the pharma industry
has a compelling opportunity to adopt and profit
from these game-changing technologies.
IoT in Pharma Manufacturing/
Supply Chain Management
IoT solutions such as wearables and mobile
products have enabled healthcare profession-
als to make significant inroads in subject/patient
health monitoring. The use of intelligent pills
2
in
clinical trials is among the applications gaining
traction.
IoT applications for manufacturing and supply
chain management have become popular
investment areas for many industries.
Connected equipment, men and material
tracking, sample lifecycle management, smart
packaging, and cold chain monitoring are among
the IoT applications that are particularly well
suited to the pharmaceuticals industry, as shown
in Figure 1.
Connected Equipment
Pharmaceuticals manufacturing is generally per-
formed in batches, and equipment is usually
self-contained. Although industrial automation
and control technologies are well established in
life-sciences manufacturing facilities, integrated
information on the real-time status or condition
of equipment is still not readily accessible to help
executives make informed decisions and improve
overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) in areas
such as scheduling batches, cleaning, mainte-
nance, etc. These issues point to the shortcom-
ings of current industry solutions.
Because pharma companies rely heavily on
batch manufacturing they must constantly move
men and material on the shop floor. At the same
time, CGMP dictates that equipment be continu-
ally maintained and calibrated to assure the
safety and efficacy of drug products. Some raw
materials, as well as finished products, require
very specific storage conditions. IoT technolo-
gies allow companies to connect and extend
visibility into shop-floor activities, which can sig-
nificantly increase productivity and assure GMP
compliance (see Figure 2, next page).
The backbone of such a solution is made up of
sensors attached to manufacturing equipment. The
sensors collect and send data to a central system
that connects the sensors, then analyzes and
converts the raw data into meaningful information
on such things as performance and conditions.
The IoT in Pharma Manufacturing & Supply Chain Management
Drug
Discovery Manufacturing Warehousing DistributionDevelopment
Sales &
Marketing
Patients
Remote Monitoring, Predictive
Maintenance & Analytics
Shop Floor Visibility &
Analytics
Real-Time Visibility
Warehouse Operations
Traceability Across
Supply Chain
Higher Fleet Efficiency via
Remote Fleet Management
Real-Time Cold Chain
Conditions Tracking
Figure 1
cognizant 20-20 insights 3
Using sensor information to remotely monitor
equipment allows technicians to develop
self-learning predictive models and perform
diagnostic services across the company’s
equipment portfolio – increasing availability and
reliability and ensuring minimal disruptions in
the supply chain. (See Figure 3 below).
The ability to gather real-time information about
equipment availability, calibration and utiliza-
tion can help manufacturing teams make better
decisions, optimize equipment performance,
reduce machine downtime and improve resource
allocation, which can lower manufacturing costs
and shorten cycle times.
The true value of connected manufacturing varies
among companies, since many are at different
stages of automating manufacturing. (For more
on this topic, read “How Digital Makes Connected
Manufacturing Possible.”) The IoT provides a
non-linear opportunity to scale by focusing on
specific business outcomes.
The biggest challenge is connecting industrial
equipmenttosensorsordevicestoaccess back-end
Increasing Shop Floor Visibility
Figure 2
Business Need Methods IoT Solutions Business Benefits
Increase
Manufacturing
Efficiency
•	Allow visibility
across
equipment for
scheduling.
•	Reduce
equipment
downtime.
•	Automate
incident-
related
requests.
•	Improve
incident
response
times.
•	Reduce
variability and
improve yield.
•	Smart equipment that collects operation-
al data and status (run time, temperature,
load, ready to use/in operation/under
cleaning/under maintenance).
•	Add sensor packs to collect device
data; build a back-end platform using
industrial IoT platforms such as Microsoft
Azure, Amazon Web Services or PTC’s
ThingWorx.
•	Run analytics on the data to predict when
a piece of equipment might shut down.
•	Automate incident requests triggered
by integration with ticket management
systems.
•	Sensors that collect metadata for
analysis to identify and reduce causes
of process variability and improve
production yield.
•	Visibility into human and material
movement across the shop floor through
tracking and monitoring technologies.
•	Real-time
dynamic
scheduling
of shop-floor
activities.
•	Better
equipment utili-
zation and less
downtime.
•	Ability to
track overall
equipment effec-
tiveness (OEE).
•	Improved
productivity,
efficiencies, and
cycle time.
•	Increased
production yield.
Sensor-Based Equipment Monitoring
Figure 3
HELP DESK
cognizant 20-20 insights 4
databases or cloud services. Many companies still
operate legacy equipment that does not support
standard communications protocols. Pharma
companies will thus need to invest in outfitting
existing equipment, or acquire new manufactur-
ing systems to support IoT instrumentation and
the digitization of manufacturing and the supply
chain. This requires open automation software
that is compatible with a wide range of communi-
cation protocols and ensures a seamless transition
to the industrial IoT.
Real-Time Visibility Into Warehouse Operations
Warehousing is a crucial area for the pharmaceu-
ticals industry. Most companies manage a large
number of storage facilities across countries
to ensure a continuous and timely supply of
essential medicines in a cost-efficient manner.
Keeping warehouse operations in-house is a
strategic decision for most pharma companies,
many of which choose to manage their warehouse
processes and storage environments internally,
given the nature of their products.
Nonetheless, warehousing operations is a costly
business; according to a McKinsey study,3
it
accounts for 95% of pharma logistics costs.
Without real-time visibility into operations, it can
be difficult to track products in the warehouse and
fully utilize operators and transport equipment.
Smart warehouses can increase visibility and
efficiency by relaying metrics and real-time data
to warehouse managers and technicians. Sensors
are placed in the storage area and on inventory
items to interpret and transmit vital information
(product location, inventory details) and report
inconsistencies, such as misplaced products,
directlytowarehousemanagers’handhelddevices/
dashboards. Corrective measures take place in real
time – significantly improving the speed, accuracy,
and efficiency of the picking process.
Having real-time visibility and a 3-D view of
warehouse operations with detailed, contextually
relevant data at their fingertips allows warehouse
managers to:
•	Monitor and track the storage of sensitive
medicines in controlled zones.
•	Optimize warehouse floor space.
•	Track inventory of finished goods.
•	Identify problem areas and assign resources to
deal with issues requiring human intervention.
Another area where IoT technologies can add
value is the storage of temperature-sensitive
products. Active and passive temperature loggers
attached to refrigerators in warehouses and at
other sites continuously record temperature.
An IoT solution could connect these devices,
compare their measurements against thermo
stability tables, and prompt them to generate
alerts in case of temperature variances.
Sensors can also be used to analyze inventory
movement. Data pertaining to the volume and
dimensions of packages transmitted from smart
pallets can be captured by wireless readers,
aggregated, then sent to the central Warehouse
Management System (WMS) for analysis.
Figure 4 illustrates how sensor data from ware-
house storage areas can be used to dispatch
inventory to vacant spaces or reposition
misplaced items.
Real-Time, 3-D Inventory Management
Figure 4
cognizant 20-20 insights 5
Track Shipments Across the Pharma Supply Chain
Pharmaceuticals packaging is critical to ensuring
products quality. Companies must follow strict
guidelines for determining the way a drug
is transported, administered, and consumed.
Smart pharma packaging can help ensure that
shipments and medications are accurately
tracked, and that the supply chain remains fluid,
efficient and cost-effective.
When applied to packaging, the Internet of
Things affords several advantages, including bi-
directional communication, tracking, and status-
display mechanisms. This is especially relevant in
markets where counterfeit drugs regularly enter
the value chain. Tracking the movement of drug
inventory at every point can potentially save
supply chain participants billions of dollars.
2-D bar codes, RFID tags and smart packaging
labels make it possible to track each handshake
in the supply chain, from manufacturing to
dispensing. The result is a complete digital
footprint. Electronic circuits/chips in packaging
material and the use of Auto-ID with Automatic
Information Data Collection (AIDC) for smart
serialization can help control how substances
enter healthcare environments and ensure that
suitable conditions are maintained in cold chains
during the transport of temperature-sensitive
drugs. (See Figure 6, see next page).
Control Cold Chain Conditions
Pharmaceuticals manufacturers increasingly
deal with products such as biologics, which are
highly sensitive to storage conditions. These are
high-ticket drugs. Last year alone, eight of the
top ten drugs (measured by highest sales) were
biologics.4
Moreover, the projected growth of
Tracking Products in the Warehouse
Figure 5
Business Need Method IoT Solution Benefits
Increase
Operational
Efficiency in
the Warehouse
•	Optimize the
movement of
warehouse
assets.
•	Sensors on product/holding items transmit
information on product location, inventory
and inconsistencies directly to the
warehouse manager’s handheld device/
dashboard.
•	The device uses sensor data to simulate a
real-time, 3-D view of the warehouse. Asset
movement and location are tracked using
RFID tags on material-handling equipment
in the warehouse.
•	Embedded sensor packs on forklifts track
their location and utilization.
•	A wireless reader captures data (volume,
dimensions) transmitted from pallets as
they arrive.
•	More efficient
utilization of
assets and
operators.
•	Higher
productivity.
Maintain
Desired Storage
Conditions
•	Track storage
conditions
of sensitive
drugs.
•	Environmental sensors collect data in
temperature-controlled areas of the
warehouse to track drugs’ environmental
conditions in real time.
•	Active and passive logger data is
compared with thermo stability tables
to generate alerts in the event of
temperature excursions.
•	Less drug
expirations and
degradations
from
temperature
excursions.
Align
Production &
Demand
•	Feed real-time
data on
inventory
movement
from the
warehouse to
production.
•	Sensors collect and analyze data
on shipment movements – from the
warehouse, to distribution, to production
planning.
•	Optimized
inventory and
reduced stock
outs.
•	Improved
fulfillment.
Tracking the movement of drug
inventory at every point can potentially
save supply chain participants billions
of dollars.
cognizant 20-20 insights 6
Tracking Products at Every Point
Figure 6
Business Need Method IoT Solutions Business Benefits
Ensure Product
Integrity &
Traceability
Across the
Supply Chain.
•	 Bi-directional
communi-
cation and
product
authentica-
tion at every
point in the
supply chain.
•	 2-D bar codes, RFID tags and smart
labels for packaging.
•	 NFC sensors for drug and vaccines
packaging.
•	 Electronic circuit/chip for packaging
material.
•	 Packaging data transmitted
throughout the transport of drugs and
during drug dispensing.
•	 Data collected in the central system
transmitted over private or public
cloud to assure traceability and inform
decision making.
•	 Products’ digital
footprints can
detect counterfeit-
ing as products
move through the
supply chain.
•	 IoT-enabled
packaging continu-
ally tracks environ-
mental conditions in
cold chains during
transport – assuring
product quality and
efficacy.
Optimize
Inventory Costs
Among Supply
Chain Partners.
•	 Increase
visibility
into product
movement
and
inventory in
supply chain
hubs.
•	 2-D Bar codes, RFID tags and smart
labels used in packaging.
•	 Transmitters at warehouses capture
consignment movement and report to
central location.
•	 Inventory and supply chain decisions
leverage real-time information on
product movement to ensure optimal
stock levels.
•	 A highly efficient
supply chain.
•	 Assurance that
product inventory
aligns with demand.
•	 Increased
collaboration
among supply chain
partners; agile, cost-
effective, optimized
supply chains.
cold-chain biopharma products will be twice that
of the industry overall – expected to reach more
than $361 billion worldwide in 2019.5
These products often have a larger proportion
of high-value active ingredients with shorter
shelf lives, and carry strict temperature require-
ments. Many must be maintained at tempera-
tures lower than 77 degrees Fahrenheit; some
require 35 to 46 degree Fahrenheit during cold
chain transportation. Quite a few must be stored
at controlled room temperature. These drugs are
safe at ambient temperatures, but must be kept
in temperature-controlled containers during
Monitoring Cold Chain Conditions on Shipping Vehicles
Figure 7
Embed or place temperature-
sensing tags with shipments.
Tags continually
record temperatures
and environmental conditions.
Data is uploaded
to the cloud.
Recordings are
instantly available
to the control room.
cognizant 20-20 insights 7
Digital technologies such as GPS
location and condition monitoring
afford real-time visibility and security
during transport.
transport, like reefers, to avoid the spikes that
can occur in ambient containers.
Yet pharma companies continue to lose millions
due to spoilage from temperature fluctuations,
and face an even greater threat if the deteriora-
tion goes unnoticed – leading to potential health
hazards for patients and subsequent regulatory
actions. This issue is increasingly critical in the
emerging Asian and South American markets,
where wide temperature fluctuations are more
the rule than the exception.
The existing cold chain logistics and storage
market handles approximately $260 billion
worth of products;
6
it is estimated that 20%
of these goods are wasted during shipping and
transportation. IoT-based solutions can help
pharma manufacturers remotely monitor cold
chain environments in real time by embedding
sensors on tracking equipment with auto-start
and shut-down mechanisms in warehouses,
vehicles, or shipments using smartphones and
tablets. (See Figures 7, previous page, and Figure
8, above).
Remote Fleet Management
According to the 2013 Global Cargo Theft Threat
Assessment
7
from the FreightWatch Interna-
tional Supply Chain Intelligence Center, the
pharmaceuticals industry has experienced some
of the highest average loss values due to cargo
theft. The same report states that the average
load loss for the pharma sector in the U.S. has
dropped dramatically – from $3.78 million in
2010 to $168,219 in 2012 – due to the industry’s
adoption of sophisticated methods for freight
tracking and data collection. This assumes
that by taking a similar approach to ensuring
shipment visibility throughout the supply chain,
pharma manufacturers can initiate real-time
tracking of cargo conditions and vehicle perfor-
mance, and avoid losses and penalties from late
deliveries and spoilage.
Generics make up 80 percent of today’s pharma
market and competition is fierce. This under-
scores the importance of developing transport
and logistics capabilities that heighten efficien-
cies and drive down costs.
Digital technologies such as GPS location and
condition monitoring afford real-time visibility
and security during transport. Figure 9 on page 8
illustrates how pharma manufacturers can unify
the view of vehicles, drivers, and performance
across locations by collecting data from vehicle
telematics. This information can be captured via
Global Positioning Systems (GPS), then relayed
to control rooms through GPRS (General Packet
Radio Service) – allowing complete visibility into
product and transport conditions, and enabling
control-room personnel to analyze and compare
data on fleet performance from virtually
anywhere. This can reduce time to market,
prevent product damage and waste, and lower
carrying costs.
Managing Temperature Spikes
Figure 8
Business Need Method IoT Solution Benefits
Maintain Drug
Quality During
Transit.
•	 Track the
temperature
of stored
drugs in
transit to
ensure they
remain stable
and within
acceptable
ranges.
•	 Embed environmental sensors inside
product packages/pallets in shipment
containers to continually track the tem-
perature of drugs.
•	 Employ program sensors to automati-
cally signal alerts if vaccine storage
moves outside a specified temperature
range – whether during removal from a
refrigerated environment to a shipping
container, or due to a refrigeration
malfunction.
•	 Reduce drug
waste caused
by temperature
excursions.
•	 Ensure
compliance with
local, country,
and international
regulations.
•	 Assure quality &
efficacy.
cognizant 20-20 insights 8
IoT Adoption: The Challenges
To fully capitalize on the potential of the Internet
of Things and enjoy the benefits throughout
their value chain, pharma companies must first
invest in a supportive IoT infrastructure with the
capacity needed to handle heavy-duty require-
ments. Since security is paramount, companies
must also be prepared to invest in IoT-based
security solutions.
In cases that require integration with underlying
applications, working with various vendors and
ensuring common vocabularies and standards
can be challenging. Moreover, the manufactur-
ing floor typically houses a broad spectrum of
equipment and associated software, some of
which, while fine for production purposes, are no
longer under warranty by vendors. Workarounds
for IoT solutions can be costly.
Another hurdle pertains to the availability and
suitability of manufacturing equipment to modify
and validate IoT solutions. Balancing project
requirements with commercial supply needs and
key performance indicators (KPIs) for gauging
operational efficiency can be overwhelming. The
IoT solution may require validation if its purpose
is to support GMP best practices. This could
extend project timelines and efforts.
IoT solutions such as shop-floor visibility
augment and enrich organizational capabilities.
At the same time, they can present challenges
when it comes to change management  –
a sensitive issue that must take into account
people, processes, and responsibilities. Orga-
nizations need to establish and clarify business
drivers and develop communication strategies
for assuaging the concerns of employees and
other key stakeholders to ensure a successful
transition.
Pharma companies must view their IoT invest-
ments from the standpoint of fostering
innovation, heightening efficiencies, improving
processes and operational performance, and
adding more value for the business, its suppliers,
and its customers. By adhering to IoT best
practices and learning from others that have
successfully implemented IoT platforms and
solutions, pharmaceuticals companies can be
better prepared to face the growing demands
of today’s hyper-competitive, hyper-connected
global economy. (See Figure 10, next page).
Recommendations
Investing in transformational technologies has its
own set of challenges. Following are our recom-
mendations and best practices for implementing
and benefiting from the Internet of Things.
•	Think big, start small, fail fast, scale quickly.
This is critical; IoT investments in sensors and
network capacity for data management can be
huge, and it can take time to realize the returns.
•	Choose the most compelling application/
solution with the highest potential business
value for the first implementation.
•	Bring key decision makers on board; define
success criteria early in the project lifecycle.
Since security is paramount,
companies must also be prepared
to invest in IoT security solutions.
Intelligent Fleet Management Using GPRS & Sensors
Figure 9
Pharma Fleet
Fleet Equipped with Sensors
GPRS Fleet control roomNetwork Server
cognizant 20-20 insights 9
•	Perform pilots; establish business benefits
through a proof-of-concept (PoC).
•	Employ agile methodologies for proof-of-
concept implementations to realize tangible
benefits from greater user interactions, with
the flexibility to customize solutions in a
structured way.
•	Augment your team with a suitable partner
that offers a dedicated infrastructure and
facilities, plus expert industry and technology
teams focused on integrating various skill sets
to effect digital transformation across the
implementation lifecycle.
Looking Ahead
In virtually every industry, advances in digital
technologies are redefining how enterprises
conduct business – internally, with external stake-
holders, and in the marketplace. The ubiquity
of mobile computing, the dominance of social
media, and a growing portfolio of smart products
and capabilities provide real-time, actionable
intelligence at a pace that continues to increase.
Enterprises must constantly innovate and utilize
emerging technologies to remain relevant, com-
petitive, and profitable.
For pharmaceuticals companies, the Internet of
Things extends visibility in virtually every area of
the business – from development, to manufactur-
ing, transport, distribution, dispensing and con-
sumption. Real-time information, when coupled
with advanced analytics engines, can become the
basis for making faster, more accurate decisions;
heightening efficiencies, verifying product quality,
and assuring regulatory compliance.
As the IoT becomes mainstream, it presents an
opportunity to digitize business processes and
enable collaboration and monitoring beyond what
was possible before now. The risk of doing nothing
must be evaluated against changing customer and
regulatory expectations and market dynamics.
The time is right for pharmaceuticals companies
to accelerate their implementation and utilization
of IoT platforms and solutions.
From Planning through Execution: An IoT Roadmap
Figure 10
Prepare
Business Case
Gain Stakeholders’
Agreement
Perform Proof
of Concept
Solution
Roll-Out
Design & Evaluate
Solution
• Identify business
needs and
challenges.
• Document key
solution
features.
• Analyze high-
level costs and
benefits.
• Identify primary
sponsors.
• Prioritize
business needs
and align with
strategic
initiatives.
• Define key
success criteria.
• Detail user
requirements.
• Design the
solution.
• Initiate the RFP
process.
• Evaluate and
select the
solution and
vendor(s).
• Engineer the
solution and
implement a
PoC.
• Analyze the
benefits.
• Decide on
solution roll-out.
• Prepare
implementation
roadmap.
• Address change
management
challenges.
• Manage the
implementation.
cognizant 20-20 insights 10
Footnotes
1	 http://www.idc.com/downloads/idc_market_in_a_minute_iot_infographic.pdf.
2	 http://www.bioethics.ac.uk/news/Intelligent-Pills-A-new-dawn-in-healthcare-.php.
3	 http://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/dotcom/client_service/operations/pdfs/lean_and_
mean-how_does_your_supply_chain_shape_up.ashx.
4	 http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/next-generation-biologics-market-2016-2026-revenue-fore-
casts-and-rd-trends-for-therapeutic-antibody-technologies-insulins-growth-hormones-recombinant-coag-
ulation-factors-and-regenerative-medicine-300293734.html.
5	 http://pharmaceuticalcommerce.com/special-report/the-2015-biopharma-cold-chain-landscape/.
6	 http://pharmaceuticalcommerce.com/supply-chain-logistics/pharmaceutical-cold-chain-logistics-is-a-
12-6-billion-global-industry/.
7	 https://www.naed.org/NAEDDocs/Research/Legal%20Issues/FreightWatch%202013%20Global%20
Cargo%20Theft%20Threat%20Assesment%20Full_0.pdf.
About Cognizant Business Consulting
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Cognizant (NASDAQ: CTSH) is a leading provider of information technology, consulting, and business
process services, dedicated to helping the world’s leading companies build stronger businesses. Head-
quartered in Teaneck, New Jersey (U.S.), Cognizant combines a passion for client satisfaction, technol-
ogy innovation, deep industry and business process expertise, and a global, collaborative workforce that
embodies the future of work. With over 100 development and delivery centers worldwide and approxi-
mately 255,800 employees as of September 30, 2016, Cognizant is a member of the NASDAQ-100, the
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Codex 2437
About the Authors
Madhukar Saboo is a Senior Manager within Cognizant Business Consulting. He has nearly 17 years of
experience in consulting, project management, and solution design and business development within the
life sciences industry. He specializes in regulatory affairs and compliance, quality assurance, manufac-
turing and supply chain within the life sciences industry. He holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical engi-
neering and an M.B.A from Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode. He can be reached at Madhukar.
Saboo@cognizant.com | LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/madhukar-saboo.
Amit Chourey is a Consultant within Cognizant Business Consulting. He has more than eight years of
experience in management consulting, business process analysis, IT strategy roadmap, COTS evaluation,
portfolio analysis and business development. He also has experience in pharma R&D and supply chain
management. Amit holds an MBA from Faculty of Management Studies school of business, New Delhi,
and a bachelor’s in mechanical engineering from DAVV University. He can be reached at Amit.Chourey@
cognizant.com | LinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/amitchourey.
Mugdha Suranglikar is a Consultant within Cognizant Business Consulting. She has more than six
years of experience working in the life sciences and manufacturing and logistics domain in the area of
consulting and business development. She specializes in material requirements planning and artwork
and packaging, supply chain management and reporting within the life sciences industry. She is a
certified Six Sigma green belt. She holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical technology and an M.B.A. from
Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar. She can be reached at MugdhaMukund.Suranglikar@
cognizant.com | LinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/mugdha-suranglikar.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank and acknowledge the support and guidance of the following Cognizant
leaders in helping shape this point of view: Pari Sanghavi, Global Practice Head, Supply Chain and manu-
facturing; Michael Zirkle, Associate Vice President, Supply Chain, Cognizant Business Consulting, Life
Sciences and Healthcare Practice; Bharath Balakrishanan, Senior Manager, Business Development,
Cognizant EBA Ventures, IoT; and Alan Alper, Assistant Vice President, Corporate Marketing.

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The Internet of Things: The New Rx for Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing & Supply Chains

  • 1. The Internet of Things: The New Rx for Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing & Supply Chains Using IoT platforms and solutions, pharmaceuticals companies can digitize and connect vital functions, elevate efficiencies, and assure product quality and compliance. Executive Summary Product quality, regulatory compliance and oper- ational efficiencies top the long list of business priorities for pharmaceuticals executives, who lead the charge in improving manufacturing and supply chain performance. Investments in areas such as shop-floor automation, electronic batch records, ERP, and warehouse management systems (WMS) have been made in part to address these concerns, with varying degrees of success. But due to the challenges of batch manufacturing, especially when it comes to monitoring the logistical journey of pharmaceuticals, industry players continually face issues related to product degradation and recalls, compliance with best practices for manu- facturing (GMP) and distribution (GDP) – not to mention exorbitant operational costs. The Internet of Things (IoT), the global network of small, powerful sensors and interconnected “things”, allows physical objects  – from heavy equipment, to mobile and wearable devices, to vehicles, physical structures, and appliances  – to connect, interact and share data with one another or with a central system through the Internet. This affords higher levels of efficiency, accuracy, and security by digitizing and optimizing critical functions, including manufac- turing and supply chain management. According to IDC, there were 9.1 billion IoT units installed in 2013 – a number that IDC predicts will increase to 28.1 billion by 2020. 1 There are multiple scenarios in pharma manu- facturing and supply chain management where the Internet of Things can help clear bottle- necks, ensure greater GMP/GDP compliance, and reduce operational expenses. This white paper explores how pharmaceuticals companies can employ the Internet of Things to automate and revitalize manufacturing and supply chain management. We also present an IoT framework and best practices for accelerat- ing the transition to digital. Connecting Opportunities Across the Pharma Spectrum In an IoT environment, every “thing” is equipped with a sensor that allows it to intelligently commu- nicate and interact with other objects and systems within the IoT ecosystem. Each object represents a cognizant 20-20 insights | february 2017 • Cognizant 20-20 Insights
  • 2. cognizant 20-20 insights 2 node in the virtual network – continually transmit- ting vital data pertaining to such things as environ- mental and equipment conditions. These capabilities are transforming peoples’ lives, and empowering the competitive forces that drive business. Consider the automotive industry’s focus on connected cars, and health care providers’ enthusiastic adoption of wearable devices. As organizations across sectors examine and evaluate how the IoT can improve how they manufacture products, provide services, and manage their supply chains, the pharma industry has a compelling opportunity to adopt and profit from these game-changing technologies. IoT in Pharma Manufacturing/ Supply Chain Management IoT solutions such as wearables and mobile products have enabled healthcare profession- als to make significant inroads in subject/patient health monitoring. The use of intelligent pills 2 in clinical trials is among the applications gaining traction. IoT applications for manufacturing and supply chain management have become popular investment areas for many industries. Connected equipment, men and material tracking, sample lifecycle management, smart packaging, and cold chain monitoring are among the IoT applications that are particularly well suited to the pharmaceuticals industry, as shown in Figure 1. Connected Equipment Pharmaceuticals manufacturing is generally per- formed in batches, and equipment is usually self-contained. Although industrial automation and control technologies are well established in life-sciences manufacturing facilities, integrated information on the real-time status or condition of equipment is still not readily accessible to help executives make informed decisions and improve overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) in areas such as scheduling batches, cleaning, mainte- nance, etc. These issues point to the shortcom- ings of current industry solutions. Because pharma companies rely heavily on batch manufacturing they must constantly move men and material on the shop floor. At the same time, CGMP dictates that equipment be continu- ally maintained and calibrated to assure the safety and efficacy of drug products. Some raw materials, as well as finished products, require very specific storage conditions. IoT technolo- gies allow companies to connect and extend visibility into shop-floor activities, which can sig- nificantly increase productivity and assure GMP compliance (see Figure 2, next page). The backbone of such a solution is made up of sensors attached to manufacturing equipment. The sensors collect and send data to a central system that connects the sensors, then analyzes and converts the raw data into meaningful information on such things as performance and conditions. The IoT in Pharma Manufacturing & Supply Chain Management Drug Discovery Manufacturing Warehousing DistributionDevelopment Sales & Marketing Patients Remote Monitoring, Predictive Maintenance & Analytics Shop Floor Visibility & Analytics Real-Time Visibility Warehouse Operations Traceability Across Supply Chain Higher Fleet Efficiency via Remote Fleet Management Real-Time Cold Chain Conditions Tracking Figure 1
  • 3. cognizant 20-20 insights 3 Using sensor information to remotely monitor equipment allows technicians to develop self-learning predictive models and perform diagnostic services across the company’s equipment portfolio – increasing availability and reliability and ensuring minimal disruptions in the supply chain. (See Figure 3 below). The ability to gather real-time information about equipment availability, calibration and utiliza- tion can help manufacturing teams make better decisions, optimize equipment performance, reduce machine downtime and improve resource allocation, which can lower manufacturing costs and shorten cycle times. The true value of connected manufacturing varies among companies, since many are at different stages of automating manufacturing. (For more on this topic, read “How Digital Makes Connected Manufacturing Possible.”) The IoT provides a non-linear opportunity to scale by focusing on specific business outcomes. The biggest challenge is connecting industrial equipmenttosensorsordevicestoaccess back-end Increasing Shop Floor Visibility Figure 2 Business Need Methods IoT Solutions Business Benefits Increase Manufacturing Efficiency • Allow visibility across equipment for scheduling. • Reduce equipment downtime. • Automate incident- related requests. • Improve incident response times. • Reduce variability and improve yield. • Smart equipment that collects operation- al data and status (run time, temperature, load, ready to use/in operation/under cleaning/under maintenance). • Add sensor packs to collect device data; build a back-end platform using industrial IoT platforms such as Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services or PTC’s ThingWorx. • Run analytics on the data to predict when a piece of equipment might shut down. • Automate incident requests triggered by integration with ticket management systems. • Sensors that collect metadata for analysis to identify and reduce causes of process variability and improve production yield. • Visibility into human and material movement across the shop floor through tracking and monitoring technologies. • Real-time dynamic scheduling of shop-floor activities. • Better equipment utili- zation and less downtime. • Ability to track overall equipment effec- tiveness (OEE). • Improved productivity, efficiencies, and cycle time. • Increased production yield. Sensor-Based Equipment Monitoring Figure 3 HELP DESK
  • 4. cognizant 20-20 insights 4 databases or cloud services. Many companies still operate legacy equipment that does not support standard communications protocols. Pharma companies will thus need to invest in outfitting existing equipment, or acquire new manufactur- ing systems to support IoT instrumentation and the digitization of manufacturing and the supply chain. This requires open automation software that is compatible with a wide range of communi- cation protocols and ensures a seamless transition to the industrial IoT. Real-Time Visibility Into Warehouse Operations Warehousing is a crucial area for the pharmaceu- ticals industry. Most companies manage a large number of storage facilities across countries to ensure a continuous and timely supply of essential medicines in a cost-efficient manner. Keeping warehouse operations in-house is a strategic decision for most pharma companies, many of which choose to manage their warehouse processes and storage environments internally, given the nature of their products. Nonetheless, warehousing operations is a costly business; according to a McKinsey study,3 it accounts for 95% of pharma logistics costs. Without real-time visibility into operations, it can be difficult to track products in the warehouse and fully utilize operators and transport equipment. Smart warehouses can increase visibility and efficiency by relaying metrics and real-time data to warehouse managers and technicians. Sensors are placed in the storage area and on inventory items to interpret and transmit vital information (product location, inventory details) and report inconsistencies, such as misplaced products, directlytowarehousemanagers’handhelddevices/ dashboards. Corrective measures take place in real time – significantly improving the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of the picking process. Having real-time visibility and a 3-D view of warehouse operations with detailed, contextually relevant data at their fingertips allows warehouse managers to: • Monitor and track the storage of sensitive medicines in controlled zones. • Optimize warehouse floor space. • Track inventory of finished goods. • Identify problem areas and assign resources to deal with issues requiring human intervention. Another area where IoT technologies can add value is the storage of temperature-sensitive products. Active and passive temperature loggers attached to refrigerators in warehouses and at other sites continuously record temperature. An IoT solution could connect these devices, compare their measurements against thermo stability tables, and prompt them to generate alerts in case of temperature variances. Sensors can also be used to analyze inventory movement. Data pertaining to the volume and dimensions of packages transmitted from smart pallets can be captured by wireless readers, aggregated, then sent to the central Warehouse Management System (WMS) for analysis. Figure 4 illustrates how sensor data from ware- house storage areas can be used to dispatch inventory to vacant spaces or reposition misplaced items. Real-Time, 3-D Inventory Management Figure 4
  • 5. cognizant 20-20 insights 5 Track Shipments Across the Pharma Supply Chain Pharmaceuticals packaging is critical to ensuring products quality. Companies must follow strict guidelines for determining the way a drug is transported, administered, and consumed. Smart pharma packaging can help ensure that shipments and medications are accurately tracked, and that the supply chain remains fluid, efficient and cost-effective. When applied to packaging, the Internet of Things affords several advantages, including bi- directional communication, tracking, and status- display mechanisms. This is especially relevant in markets where counterfeit drugs regularly enter the value chain. Tracking the movement of drug inventory at every point can potentially save supply chain participants billions of dollars. 2-D bar codes, RFID tags and smart packaging labels make it possible to track each handshake in the supply chain, from manufacturing to dispensing. The result is a complete digital footprint. Electronic circuits/chips in packaging material and the use of Auto-ID with Automatic Information Data Collection (AIDC) for smart serialization can help control how substances enter healthcare environments and ensure that suitable conditions are maintained in cold chains during the transport of temperature-sensitive drugs. (See Figure 6, see next page). Control Cold Chain Conditions Pharmaceuticals manufacturers increasingly deal with products such as biologics, which are highly sensitive to storage conditions. These are high-ticket drugs. Last year alone, eight of the top ten drugs (measured by highest sales) were biologics.4 Moreover, the projected growth of Tracking Products in the Warehouse Figure 5 Business Need Method IoT Solution Benefits Increase Operational Efficiency in the Warehouse • Optimize the movement of warehouse assets. • Sensors on product/holding items transmit information on product location, inventory and inconsistencies directly to the warehouse manager’s handheld device/ dashboard. • The device uses sensor data to simulate a real-time, 3-D view of the warehouse. Asset movement and location are tracked using RFID tags on material-handling equipment in the warehouse. • Embedded sensor packs on forklifts track their location and utilization. • A wireless reader captures data (volume, dimensions) transmitted from pallets as they arrive. • More efficient utilization of assets and operators. • Higher productivity. Maintain Desired Storage Conditions • Track storage conditions of sensitive drugs. • Environmental sensors collect data in temperature-controlled areas of the warehouse to track drugs’ environmental conditions in real time. • Active and passive logger data is compared with thermo stability tables to generate alerts in the event of temperature excursions. • Less drug expirations and degradations from temperature excursions. Align Production & Demand • Feed real-time data on inventory movement from the warehouse to production. • Sensors collect and analyze data on shipment movements – from the warehouse, to distribution, to production planning. • Optimized inventory and reduced stock outs. • Improved fulfillment. Tracking the movement of drug inventory at every point can potentially save supply chain participants billions of dollars.
  • 6. cognizant 20-20 insights 6 Tracking Products at Every Point Figure 6 Business Need Method IoT Solutions Business Benefits Ensure Product Integrity & Traceability Across the Supply Chain. • Bi-directional communi- cation and product authentica- tion at every point in the supply chain. • 2-D bar codes, RFID tags and smart labels for packaging. • NFC sensors for drug and vaccines packaging. • Electronic circuit/chip for packaging material. • Packaging data transmitted throughout the transport of drugs and during drug dispensing. • Data collected in the central system transmitted over private or public cloud to assure traceability and inform decision making. • Products’ digital footprints can detect counterfeit- ing as products move through the supply chain. • IoT-enabled packaging continu- ally tracks environ- mental conditions in cold chains during transport – assuring product quality and efficacy. Optimize Inventory Costs Among Supply Chain Partners. • Increase visibility into product movement and inventory in supply chain hubs. • 2-D Bar codes, RFID tags and smart labels used in packaging. • Transmitters at warehouses capture consignment movement and report to central location. • Inventory and supply chain decisions leverage real-time information on product movement to ensure optimal stock levels. • A highly efficient supply chain. • Assurance that product inventory aligns with demand. • Increased collaboration among supply chain partners; agile, cost- effective, optimized supply chains. cold-chain biopharma products will be twice that of the industry overall – expected to reach more than $361 billion worldwide in 2019.5 These products often have a larger proportion of high-value active ingredients with shorter shelf lives, and carry strict temperature require- ments. Many must be maintained at tempera- tures lower than 77 degrees Fahrenheit; some require 35 to 46 degree Fahrenheit during cold chain transportation. Quite a few must be stored at controlled room temperature. These drugs are safe at ambient temperatures, but must be kept in temperature-controlled containers during Monitoring Cold Chain Conditions on Shipping Vehicles Figure 7 Embed or place temperature- sensing tags with shipments. Tags continually record temperatures and environmental conditions. Data is uploaded to the cloud. Recordings are instantly available to the control room.
  • 7. cognizant 20-20 insights 7 Digital technologies such as GPS location and condition monitoring afford real-time visibility and security during transport. transport, like reefers, to avoid the spikes that can occur in ambient containers. Yet pharma companies continue to lose millions due to spoilage from temperature fluctuations, and face an even greater threat if the deteriora- tion goes unnoticed – leading to potential health hazards for patients and subsequent regulatory actions. This issue is increasingly critical in the emerging Asian and South American markets, where wide temperature fluctuations are more the rule than the exception. The existing cold chain logistics and storage market handles approximately $260 billion worth of products; 6 it is estimated that 20% of these goods are wasted during shipping and transportation. IoT-based solutions can help pharma manufacturers remotely monitor cold chain environments in real time by embedding sensors on tracking equipment with auto-start and shut-down mechanisms in warehouses, vehicles, or shipments using smartphones and tablets. (See Figures 7, previous page, and Figure 8, above). Remote Fleet Management According to the 2013 Global Cargo Theft Threat Assessment 7 from the FreightWatch Interna- tional Supply Chain Intelligence Center, the pharmaceuticals industry has experienced some of the highest average loss values due to cargo theft. The same report states that the average load loss for the pharma sector in the U.S. has dropped dramatically – from $3.78 million in 2010 to $168,219 in 2012 – due to the industry’s adoption of sophisticated methods for freight tracking and data collection. This assumes that by taking a similar approach to ensuring shipment visibility throughout the supply chain, pharma manufacturers can initiate real-time tracking of cargo conditions and vehicle perfor- mance, and avoid losses and penalties from late deliveries and spoilage. Generics make up 80 percent of today’s pharma market and competition is fierce. This under- scores the importance of developing transport and logistics capabilities that heighten efficien- cies and drive down costs. Digital technologies such as GPS location and condition monitoring afford real-time visibility and security during transport. Figure 9 on page 8 illustrates how pharma manufacturers can unify the view of vehicles, drivers, and performance across locations by collecting data from vehicle telematics. This information can be captured via Global Positioning Systems (GPS), then relayed to control rooms through GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) – allowing complete visibility into product and transport conditions, and enabling control-room personnel to analyze and compare data on fleet performance from virtually anywhere. This can reduce time to market, prevent product damage and waste, and lower carrying costs. Managing Temperature Spikes Figure 8 Business Need Method IoT Solution Benefits Maintain Drug Quality During Transit. • Track the temperature of stored drugs in transit to ensure they remain stable and within acceptable ranges. • Embed environmental sensors inside product packages/pallets in shipment containers to continually track the tem- perature of drugs. • Employ program sensors to automati- cally signal alerts if vaccine storage moves outside a specified temperature range – whether during removal from a refrigerated environment to a shipping container, or due to a refrigeration malfunction. • Reduce drug waste caused by temperature excursions. • Ensure compliance with local, country, and international regulations. • Assure quality & efficacy.
  • 8. cognizant 20-20 insights 8 IoT Adoption: The Challenges To fully capitalize on the potential of the Internet of Things and enjoy the benefits throughout their value chain, pharma companies must first invest in a supportive IoT infrastructure with the capacity needed to handle heavy-duty require- ments. Since security is paramount, companies must also be prepared to invest in IoT-based security solutions. In cases that require integration with underlying applications, working with various vendors and ensuring common vocabularies and standards can be challenging. Moreover, the manufactur- ing floor typically houses a broad spectrum of equipment and associated software, some of which, while fine for production purposes, are no longer under warranty by vendors. Workarounds for IoT solutions can be costly. Another hurdle pertains to the availability and suitability of manufacturing equipment to modify and validate IoT solutions. Balancing project requirements with commercial supply needs and key performance indicators (KPIs) for gauging operational efficiency can be overwhelming. The IoT solution may require validation if its purpose is to support GMP best practices. This could extend project timelines and efforts. IoT solutions such as shop-floor visibility augment and enrich organizational capabilities. At the same time, they can present challenges when it comes to change management  – a sensitive issue that must take into account people, processes, and responsibilities. Orga- nizations need to establish and clarify business drivers and develop communication strategies for assuaging the concerns of employees and other key stakeholders to ensure a successful transition. Pharma companies must view their IoT invest- ments from the standpoint of fostering innovation, heightening efficiencies, improving processes and operational performance, and adding more value for the business, its suppliers, and its customers. By adhering to IoT best practices and learning from others that have successfully implemented IoT platforms and solutions, pharmaceuticals companies can be better prepared to face the growing demands of today’s hyper-competitive, hyper-connected global economy. (See Figure 10, next page). Recommendations Investing in transformational technologies has its own set of challenges. Following are our recom- mendations and best practices for implementing and benefiting from the Internet of Things. • Think big, start small, fail fast, scale quickly. This is critical; IoT investments in sensors and network capacity for data management can be huge, and it can take time to realize the returns. • Choose the most compelling application/ solution with the highest potential business value for the first implementation. • Bring key decision makers on board; define success criteria early in the project lifecycle. Since security is paramount, companies must also be prepared to invest in IoT security solutions. Intelligent Fleet Management Using GPRS & Sensors Figure 9 Pharma Fleet Fleet Equipped with Sensors GPRS Fleet control roomNetwork Server
  • 9. cognizant 20-20 insights 9 • Perform pilots; establish business benefits through a proof-of-concept (PoC). • Employ agile methodologies for proof-of- concept implementations to realize tangible benefits from greater user interactions, with the flexibility to customize solutions in a structured way. • Augment your team with a suitable partner that offers a dedicated infrastructure and facilities, plus expert industry and technology teams focused on integrating various skill sets to effect digital transformation across the implementation lifecycle. Looking Ahead In virtually every industry, advances in digital technologies are redefining how enterprises conduct business – internally, with external stake- holders, and in the marketplace. The ubiquity of mobile computing, the dominance of social media, and a growing portfolio of smart products and capabilities provide real-time, actionable intelligence at a pace that continues to increase. Enterprises must constantly innovate and utilize emerging technologies to remain relevant, com- petitive, and profitable. For pharmaceuticals companies, the Internet of Things extends visibility in virtually every area of the business – from development, to manufactur- ing, transport, distribution, dispensing and con- sumption. Real-time information, when coupled with advanced analytics engines, can become the basis for making faster, more accurate decisions; heightening efficiencies, verifying product quality, and assuring regulatory compliance. As the IoT becomes mainstream, it presents an opportunity to digitize business processes and enable collaboration and monitoring beyond what was possible before now. The risk of doing nothing must be evaluated against changing customer and regulatory expectations and market dynamics. The time is right for pharmaceuticals companies to accelerate their implementation and utilization of IoT platforms and solutions. From Planning through Execution: An IoT Roadmap Figure 10 Prepare Business Case Gain Stakeholders’ Agreement Perform Proof of Concept Solution Roll-Out Design & Evaluate Solution • Identify business needs and challenges. • Document key solution features. • Analyze high- level costs and benefits. • Identify primary sponsors. • Prioritize business needs and align with strategic initiatives. • Define key success criteria. • Detail user requirements. • Design the solution. • Initiate the RFP process. • Evaluate and select the solution and vendor(s). • Engineer the solution and implement a PoC. • Analyze the benefits. • Decide on solution roll-out. • Prepare implementation roadmap. • Address change management challenges. • Manage the implementation.
  • 10. cognizant 20-20 insights 10 Footnotes 1 http://www.idc.com/downloads/idc_market_in_a_minute_iot_infographic.pdf. 2 http://www.bioethics.ac.uk/news/Intelligent-Pills-A-new-dawn-in-healthcare-.php. 3 http://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/dotcom/client_service/operations/pdfs/lean_and_ mean-how_does_your_supply_chain_shape_up.ashx. 4 http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/next-generation-biologics-market-2016-2026-revenue-fore- casts-and-rd-trends-for-therapeutic-antibody-technologies-insulins-growth-hormones-recombinant-coag- ulation-factors-and-regenerative-medicine-300293734.html. 5 http://pharmaceuticalcommerce.com/special-report/the-2015-biopharma-cold-chain-landscape/. 6 http://pharmaceuticalcommerce.com/supply-chain-logistics/pharmaceutical-cold-chain-logistics-is-a- 12-6-billion-global-industry/. 7 https://www.naed.org/NAEDDocs/Research/Legal%20Issues/FreightWatch%202013%20Global%20 Cargo%20Theft%20Threat%20Assesment%20Full_0.pdf.
  • 11. About Cognizant Business Consulting With over 5,500 consultants worldwide, Cognizant Business Consulting offers high-value digital business and IT consulting services that improve business performance and operational productivity while lowering operational costs. Clients leverage our deep industry experience, strategy and transformation capabilities and analytical insights to help improve productivity, drive business transformation and increase shareholder value across the enterprise. To learn more, please visit www.cognizant.com/consulting or e-mail us at inquiry@cognizant.com. About Cognizant Cognizant (NASDAQ: CTSH) is a leading provider of information technology, consulting, and business process services, dedicated to helping the world’s leading companies build stronger businesses. Head- quartered in Teaneck, New Jersey (U.S.), Cognizant combines a passion for client satisfaction, technol- ogy innovation, deep industry and business process expertise, and a global, collaborative workforce that embodies the future of work. With over 100 development and delivery centers worldwide and approxi- mately 255,800 employees as of September 30, 2016, Cognizant is a member of the NASDAQ-100, the S&P 500, the Forbes Global 2000, and the Fortune 500 and is ranked among the top performing and fastest growing companies in the world. Visit us online at www.cognizant.com or follow us on Twitter: Cognizant. World Headquarters 500 Frank W. Burr Blvd. Teaneck, NJ 07666 USA Phone: +1 201 801 0233 Fax: +1 201 801 0243 Toll Free: +1 888 937 3277 Email: inquiry@cognizant.com European Headquarters 1 Kingdom Street Paddington Central London W2 6BD Phone: +44 (0) 20 7297 7600 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7121 0102 Email: infouk@cognizant.com India Operations Headquarters #5/535, Old Mahabalipuram Road Okkiyam Pettai, Thoraipakkam Chennai, 600 096 India Phone: +91 (0) 44 4209 6000 Fax: +91 (0) 44 4209 6060 Email: inquiryindia@cognizant.com ­­© Copyright 2017, Cognizant. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the express written permission from Cognizant. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners. Codex 2437 About the Authors Madhukar Saboo is a Senior Manager within Cognizant Business Consulting. He has nearly 17 years of experience in consulting, project management, and solution design and business development within the life sciences industry. He specializes in regulatory affairs and compliance, quality assurance, manufac- turing and supply chain within the life sciences industry. He holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical engi- neering and an M.B.A from Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode. He can be reached at Madhukar. Saboo@cognizant.com | LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/madhukar-saboo. Amit Chourey is a Consultant within Cognizant Business Consulting. He has more than eight years of experience in management consulting, business process analysis, IT strategy roadmap, COTS evaluation, portfolio analysis and business development. He also has experience in pharma R&D and supply chain management. Amit holds an MBA from Faculty of Management Studies school of business, New Delhi, and a bachelor’s in mechanical engineering from DAVV University. He can be reached at Amit.Chourey@ cognizant.com | LinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/amitchourey. Mugdha Suranglikar is a Consultant within Cognizant Business Consulting. She has more than six years of experience working in the life sciences and manufacturing and logistics domain in the area of consulting and business development. She specializes in material requirements planning and artwork and packaging, supply chain management and reporting within the life sciences industry. She is a certified Six Sigma green belt. She holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical technology and an M.B.A. from Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar. She can be reached at MugdhaMukund.Suranglikar@ cognizant.com | LinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/mugdha-suranglikar. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank and acknowledge the support and guidance of the following Cognizant leaders in helping shape this point of view: Pari Sanghavi, Global Practice Head, Supply Chain and manu- facturing; Michael Zirkle, Associate Vice President, Supply Chain, Cognizant Business Consulting, Life Sciences and Healthcare Practice; Bharath Balakrishanan, Senior Manager, Business Development, Cognizant EBA Ventures, IoT; and Alan Alper, Assistant Vice President, Corporate Marketing.