2. CMOS INTEGRATED
CIRCUIT DESIGN
Presentation 2 : Final semester question
Lecturer's Name :
Mohd Sallehin Bin Abas
NAME NO MATRIC
JERLEE LIPONG 07DTK14F2004
NAWIR BIN TURUNGI 07DTK14F2013
MOHD RAHMAT BIN PULLI 07DTK14F2019
MOHD HIDAYAT BIN PATONI 07DTK14F2027
MOHD AZREYL BIN OYUNG 07DTK14F2036
3. Question 1
• State two prediction made by Gordon E. Moore to increase productivity ,
cheap and powerful computing .
• Answer
- The maximum number of transistors on a chip doubles every 18
months. As a result the on-chip transistor count has increased one
million times in three decades and has reached 30 million
transistors (in microprocessors).
- No sign of slowing down to System-on-chip
4. Question 2
• Integrated Circuit ( IC ) can be classified into three categories which
are fabrication method, transistor type and circuit function. Explain
Integrated Circuit (IC) classification base on the circuit function.
5. Answer
Circuit Function
Analog Integrated Circuits Analog circuits are circuits dealing with signals free to vary
from zero to full power supply voltage. This stands in contrast
to digital circuits, which almost exclusively employ “all or
nothing” signals: voltages restricted to values of zero and full
supply voltage, with no valid state in between those extreme
limits.
Digital Integrated Circuits Digital circuits are circuits dealing with signals
restricted to the extreme limits of zero and some full
amount.
this stands in contrast to analog circuits, in which
signals are free to vary continuously between the limits
imposed by power supply voltage and circuit resistances.
Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuit A mixed-signal integrated circuit is any integrated
circuit that has both analog circuits and digital circuits on a
single semiconductor die.
In real life applications mixed-signal designs are
everywhere, for example, a smart mobile phone. However, it
is more accurate to call them mixed-signal systems.
Mixed-signal ICs also process both analog digital
signals together.
7. Answer
MEMS Fabrication process
Bulk micromachining Bulk micromachining is a process used to produce
micromachinery or microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS). Unlike surface micromachining, which uses a
succession of thin film deposition and selective
etching, bulk micromachining defines structures by
selectively etching inside a substrate.
Surface Micromachining Surface Micromachining is the process of forming
movable structures by placing the structures on
initially rigid platforms, then removing the platforms,
usually by etching the material away. Bulk
Micromachining means that 3D features are etched
into the bulk of crystalline and non-crystalline
materials.
LIGA LIGA is a German acronym for Lithographie,
Galvanoformung, Abformung (Lithography,
Electroplating, and Molding) that describes a
fabrication technology used to create
high-aspect-ratio microstructures.
