Presentation by Manuel De Castro tiziano Panella

1. J. R. Kipling - Kim

2. Kipling Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India) in1865, but was sent to school in England until he came back to India in 1882 and started working as a journalist. He became famous in 1888 when was published in England "Plain Tales from the Hills", then other later works like Barrack Room Ballads, Jungle Book and Kim overall, made him win critical and popular praise. Already an acclaimed writer he lived for 5 years in USA finally returning in England in 1899 and becoming the first Englishman to win the Nobel Prize for literature in 1907. He died in London in 1936.

3. Plot Kim (Kimball O'Hara) orphaned son of an Irish soldier who has been brought up as an Indian by a local woman; he occasionally works for Mahbub Ali, a horse trader who is one of the native operatives of the British secret service. One day, he meet an aged Tibetan Lama who is on a quest to free himself from the Wheel of Things by finding the legendary 'River of the Arrow'. By chance, Kim's father's regimental chaplain identifies him and send him to a top English school, training him in espionage while on vacation from school by Lurgan Sahib. Kim receives a government appointment and rejoins the Lama to make a trip to the Himalayas with him. Here the espionage and spiritual threads of the story collide, with the Lama unwittingly falling into conflict with Russian intelligence agents. The Lama realizes that his search for the river should be taking place in the plains, not the mountains, and he orders the porters to take them back. Here Kim delivers the Russian documents to Babu and the Lama finds his river and achieves Enlightenment. The reader is left to decide whether Kim will henceforth follow the materialistic road of the Great Game, the spiritual way of Tibetan Buddhism, or a combination of the two.

8. Great Game The Great Game is a term used for the strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia. The classic Great Game period is generally regarded as running approximately from the Russo-Persian Treaty of 1813 to the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. A second, less intensive phase followed the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 . The term "The Great Game" is usually attributed to Arthur Conolly (1807–1842), an intelligence officer of the British East India Company's Sixth Bengal Light Cavalry.