This document provides an overview of railway engineering and the history of railways in Pakistan. It discusses key elements of the railway track including the formation, ballast, sleepers, and rails. The formation provides the foundation for the track. Ballast is placed around the sleepers to transmit loads to the formation. Sleepers are laid transversely to support the rails. Rails provide a continuous pathway to guide train wheels. Rail joints can be supported, suspended, or bridge joints and either square or staggered. Railways provide economical and safe land transport compared to other modes.

1. RAILWAY
ENGINEERING
Submitted by:
MUHAMMAD SHERAZ HAIDER
FA15-BCV-047

2.  The first full-scale
working railway steam
locomotive was built
in the United Kingdom
in 1804 by Richard
Trevithick, an English
engineer born in
Cornwall.
 On 21 February 1804
the world's first
railway journey took
place
HISTORY OF RAILWAYS

3.  Beginning in 1855 during the British Raj
 1947 infrastructure fell under Pakistan's territory
was renamed to Pakistan Western Railway
 In East Pakistan as Pakistan Eastern Railway
 Pakistan adopted 8,122 kilometres of the North
Western State Railway
 In 1974, Pakistan Western Railways was renamed to
Pakistan Railways
HISTORY OF RAILWAYS IN PAKISTAN

4. RAILWAY
ENGINEERING
The branch of Civil Engineering which
deals with the design, construction and
maintenance of the railway tracks for
safe and efficient movements of trains is
called Railway Engineering

5. ELEMENTS OF RAILWAY TRACK
1. Formation
2. Ballast
3. Sleepers
4. Rails

6. FORMATION
 Lower most surface of
track
 Forms the foundation
of Track.
FORMATION

7. FUNCTION OF FORMATION
 Provides a smooth and uniform bed on which
the track is laid.
 Bears the entire load transmitted from the
moving loads to it through the ballast.
 Provides stability to the track.

8. BALLAST
Granular material usually broken stone and kanker,
gravel and sand
Placed and packed around the sleeper to transmit
Load from sleeper to formation Layer.
Size = 20mm – 65mm

9. FUNCTIONS OF BALLAST
 To transfer and distribute the load form sleepers to a
larger area of formation.
 To provide elasticity and resilience to track for getting
proper riding comfort .
 To provide necessary resistance to track for longitudinal
lateral stability .
 To provide effective drainage to track.
 To provide effective means of maintaining evenness and
alignment of track

10. BALLAST

11. Sleepers
Sleepers are members generally laid transverse to the
rails, on which the rails are fixed to transfer the loads
from the rails to the ballast and the subgrade.

12. TYPES OF SLEEPERS
 Wooden Sleepers
 Metal Sleepers
 Concrete Sleepers

13. www.ustudy.in

14. CONCRETE SLEEPERS

15. METAL SLEEPER

16. RAILS
Rails are members of the track laid
in two parallel lines to provide
on our continuous and land
surface for the movement of
Trains.

19. FUNCTION OF RAILS
 Provide a continuous and level surface
 Provide a pathway which is smooth and less
friction
 Lateral guide for the wheels
 Bear changes due to vertical loads etc.
 Transfers to formation through sleepers on wider
area.

20. 1. According to position of sleepers
a) Supported joints
b) Suspended joints
c) Bridge joints
2. According to position of joints
a) Square joints
b) Staggered joint
TYPES OF RAIL JOINTS

21. SUPPORTED JOINTS
Ends of the rails are
supported directly on the
sleeper.
No cantilever action.

22. SUSPENDED JOINTS
Ends of the rails are
suspended between two
sleepers.
 Cantilevered at the joint.
Most common type of
joints.

23. BRIDGE JOINTS
Similar to the suspended
joint.
generally not used on
Pakistan Railways.

24. SQUARE JOINTS
Joints in one rail are
exactly opposite to the
joints in the other rail.
Most common on
Pakistan Railways.

25. STAGGERED JOINT
Not opposite the joints in
the other rail.
Preferred on curved tracks.

26. IMPORTANCE OF RAILWAY
Economical mode of conveyance
Preferable mode from airplane for tourists
 Safe land transport system compared to other
forms of transport
Moves Military Goods of a country