1. Chapter Presentation
Hardware: Input, Processing, and Output
Devices
Group Member
 Ben Piseth  Chin Putry
 Chan Sopov  Chan Piseth
 Chao Yorkchhive  Duch Mony
 Chea Sokhom
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2. Objectives
 Define the term Hardware
 Identify advantages of Hardware in
organization.
 Describe Hardware Components, and
explain each component.
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3. What is hardware?
 Hardware refers to the physical
components of a computer and devices
that perform the input, processing,
storage, and output activities of the
computer.
 Hardware can support objective of the
information system, and goal of
organization.
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4. Advantages of hardware in Organization
 Organization invest in computer
hardware to improve worker
productivity, increase revenue, reduce
cost, and provide better customer
service, Speed up time-to-market, and
enable collaboration among employees.
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5. Computer System: Integrating the Power
of Technology
 Hardware Components
 Central Processing Unit (CPU):
• CPU and memory cooperate to execute data processing.
• Consist three elements: Arithmetic/logic unit, control
unit, and register.
 Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU):
• Parts of CPU used to perform mathematical calculation
and make logical comparisons.
 Control Unit:
• The part of CPU sequentially accesses program
instructions, decodes them, and coordinates the flow of
data in and out of the ALU, the register.
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6. Computer System: Integrating the Power
of Technology
 Register:
• High-speed storage areas used to temporarily
hold small units of program instruction and data
immediately before, during, and after execution
by the CPU.
 Primary Storage:
• Primary Storage, or Main memory, provides
working storage for program instructions and data
to be processed and provides them to the CPU.
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7. Hardware Component in Action
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8. Processing and Memory Devices
 Processing characteristics and function:
• Machine cycle: make up from both instruction
phase and execution phase.
• Machine cycle: can be measured how many
instruction are executed in a second. It is measured
in Nanosecond, Picosecond, MIPS
• Clock Speed: Computer system processing speed is
affected by clock speed, which is measured in
gigahertz (GHz).
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9. Processing and Memory Devices
 Memory characteristics and function:
• Main Memory: provides temporary working storages
area for programs and data. It is measured in byte.
 Type of memory:
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
-> store data and instruction temporarily
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
-> instruction and data are stored permanently
• Cache Memory
-> a type of high-speed memory that CPU can access
more rapidly than main memory.
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10. Multiprocessing
 Multiprocessing:
• Refer to simultaneous execution of two or more
instruction at the same time.
• One form of multiprocessing uses coprocessor,
which can speed up processing.
• Multicore microprocessor combines two or more
independent processors into a single computer so
they can share the workload.
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11. Parallel Computing
 Parallel Computing:
• Refer to simultaneous execution of the same task on
multiple processors to obtain results faster.
• Massively parallel processing involves linking many
processors to work together to solve complex
problems.
• Grid computing is the use of a collection of
computers to work in a coordinated manner to solve
a common problem.
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12. Secondary Storage
 Secondary Storage:
• Store a large amount of data and instruction safely
and effectively.
 Access Methods:
• Data and information access can be sequential or
direct.
• Sequential Access: data must be accessed in the
order in which it is stored.
• Direct Access: data can be accessed directly. Without
the need to pass by other data in sequences.
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13. Secondary Storage
 Secondary Storage:
• Magnetic storage devices
- magnetic tape
- magnetic disk
• Optical storage devices
- CD-ROM
- DVD
• Solid State Storage Devices
- Store data in memory chips. Eg: flash drive.
• Enterprise storage option
- NAS
- SAN
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14. Input and Output Devices
 Input Devices:
• A devices used to entry data to computer system.
• Input devices come in many forms.
- Personal Computer Input Devices (Mouse, Keyboard..)
- Speech recognition technology.
- Digitals Cameras
- Scanning devices
- Bar-code scanners
 Output Devices:
• Provide output to user in many forms.
- Display Monitor
- Printer and plotter
- Digital Audio Players
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15. Computer Systems
 Computer Systems
• Generally divided into two categories: single user and
multiple users.
 Single-Users
• Systems include handheld, ultra laptop, portable, thin
client, desktop, and workstation computers.
 Multi-Users
• Systems include servers, blade servers, mainframes,
and supercomputers.
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16. Green Computing
 Green Computing : is concerned with the efficient and
environmentally responsible design, manufacture,
operation, and disposal of IS –related products.
 Three main goal:
• Reduce the use of hazardous material
• Lower power-related costs
• Enable the safe disposal or recycling of IT Products.
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17. Thank You
For paying attention
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