This introductory presentation was given on May 29, 2019, by Lini Wollenberg (CCAFS). She sets the context for presentations by B. Ole Sander (IRRI), Tran Van The (Institute for Agricultural Environment), and Leo Sebastian (CCAFS) and an ensuing discussion with panelists Le Hoang Anh (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vietnam), B. Ole Sander, Tran Van The, and Leo Sebastian. A recording of the webinar can be found on CCAFS youtube channel: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.

1. NEXT WEBINAR - June 25, 2019 9am EDT
Making trees count: Measurement, reporting and
verification of agroforestry-based carbon
• Greenhouse gas emissions and carbon storage in the land sector
• Advances in monitoring, reporting, and verification
• Identification and prioritization of interventions
• Assessments of the status of global initiatives
• Application of biophysical data to develop investment plans
• New data on global carbon stocks, fluxes, and drivers of loss
Land Use and Climate Research by the CGIAR, supported
by USAID’s Office of Global Climate Change
Showcasing the collaboration of USAID and the CGIAR to help limit the
magnitude of changes to the climate system
• https://www.climatelinks.org/content/webinar-series-land-use-and-climate-research-cgiar

2. Leocadio Sebastian and Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS;
Bjoern Ole Sander, IRRI; Tran Van The, IAE-MARD;
Juliann Aukema, USAID
Low-emissions
rice in Vietnam:
Options, ambition,
feasibility, and
investment
May 29, 2019 | 9am EDT, 8pm ICT

3. Agenda: Low-emissions rice in Vietnam
Topic Presenter
Time
(minutes)
Introduction of series Cleo Chou, USAID Office of
Global Climate Change
0-2
Our work in rice and why it is
critical to climate change
mitigation
Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS 3-7
Rice in Vietnam: Emissions, NDC
planning and actions, Feasibility
analysis of LED options
B. Ole Sander, IRRI 9-19
Investment planning for AWD Tran Van The, Institute for
Agricultural Environment
20-29
Next steps for low-emissions rice
in Vietnam
Leo Sebastian, CCAFS 30-35
Questions for panelists Panelists: Le Hoang Anh, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development
B. Ole Sander, Tran Van The, Leo
Sebastian
36-58

4. About CGIAR
• CGIAR is “the world’s largest
global agricultural innovation
network”
• CGIAR comprises
• 15 CGIAR Research Centers and
• 15 CGIAR Research Programs
(CRPs), including CCAFS
• Vision: a world free of poverty,
hunger and environmental
degradation
• Sustainable Development Goals

5. USAID support 2016-2018
Towards implementation of mitigation
• Scholarship program for graduate
students to quantify emissions in
food loss and waste
• Livestock MRV
• Tier 2
• RUMINANT model
• Agroforestry MRV
3. CLIFF-GRADS Fellowships
1. MRV 2. NDC support
Feasibility and investment assessments
• Vietnam
• Kenya

6. GHG emissions from rice production in Vietnam
VN Nat. Comm.:
• Emissions from rice sector are
higher than emissions from
transport sector
• Emissions from rice are around
50% of all agricultural emissions
Carlson et al., 2016
• Vietnam emits ~10% of global
methane emissions from rice
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
VIETNAM
Shareoftotalnational
GHGemissions
Transport emissions Rice emissions
Slide courtesy of B. Ole Sander

7. The MRD, the most important region for
rice: 12% of natural areas, 19% of
population, half of rice cultivated area,
shared 50% of rice quantity, 95% of rice
for exportation
0.00
2,000.00
4,000.00
6,000.00
8,000.00
2010 2015 2020
Cultivated rice areas (1000 ha)
Whold country MRD
7,750.0
Ratio of crop, 2020
Rice Maize
Tuber crop Vegetable
Anunal industrial crop Perenial industrial crop
Fruits
Importance of Vietnam’s Mekong River Delta area for rice
Source: GSO (2016), GoVN (2012)
Slide courtesy of Tran Van The

8. Source: MONRE (2017)
GHG emissions and potential GHG reduction from rice
Slide courtesy of Tran Van The

9. Share of GHG reduction in NDCs from rice production
Unconditional
mitigation options
Potential GHG
reduction
MtCO2
e
%
I. Total 6.4 100
I.I. Crop production 3.2 50
A2. Reuse of agro-residues 0.4 12.5
A3. AWD/SRI 0.9 28.1
A4. Introduction of
biochar
1.1 34.4
A5. Integrated crop
management in rice
cultivation
0.5 15.6
A6. Integrated crop
management in annual
upland crops
0.3 9.4
I.II. Remaining
agriculture (livestock,
fishery)
3.2 50
Conditional mitigation
options
Potential GHG
reduction
MtCO2
e
%
I. Total 39.8 100
I.I. Crop production 36.4 91.5
A7. Substitution of urea with
ammonium sulfate
3.2 8.8
A8. Reuse of upland crop
residues
0.3 8.8
A9. AWD/SRI 7 19.2
A10. Introduction of biochar 18.8 51.7
A14. Improved technology for
waste treatment from crops
3.4 9.3
A15. Improved irrigation for
coffee
3.4 9.3
A16. ICM in upland crops 0.3 0.8
I.2. Remaining agriculture
(livestock)
3.4 8.5
Slide courtesy of Tran Van The

10. Support for Countries’ NDCs
Feasibility of rice LED options and
investment plan for AWD in Vietnam
Comprehensive, comparative analysis of potentially viable LED practices and
their supporting interventions within the rice supply chain
Geographic suitability Barriers Incentives, enabling
conditions
Costs, benefits and risk
analysis
1. Domestic investment plan for
AWD and mid-season drainage
2. Outline for international
investment proposal for AWD
Policy gap analysis
Identification of policy
levers to incentivize
adoption
Quantification of
investment needed
Identification of international funding sources
Investment plan for AWD
Prioritize
interventions,
identify
instruments to
encourage large-
scale adoption

11. Incorporate in
investment
programs
Develop detailed
provincial operations/
implementation plan Adapt an
MRV tool
Integrate into
the NDC
implementation
program
Future Directions:Low-emissions rice in
Vietnam
Leo Sebastian, CCAFS
Firm-up incorporation of AWD in
recommended packages of technologies.

12. https://www.climatelinks.org/content/webinar-series-land-use-and-climate-research-cgiar
Next
June 25, 2019 9am EDT
Making trees count: Measurement, reporting and
verification of agroforestry-based carbon
Todd Rosenstock, ICRAF; Karis Tenneson, SIG;
Rémi Cardinael, CIRAD; Marta Suber, ICRAF
Land Use and Climate Research by the CGIAR,
supported by USAID’s Office of Global Climate Change

13. Drought & salted risks for
rice in MRD (medium yr)
Flooding risk to rice in
MRD region (medium yr)
Flooding risk to rice in
MRD region (extreme yr)
Drought & salted risks for
rice in MRD (extreme yr)
Climate
vulnerability
map on rice
Source: FAO/NAPs (2018)
Challenges to climate change and extreme climate risk on
rice

14. Sustainable Development Goals
• Enable adaptation to deal with long-term change and extreme events
• Improve human and institutional capacity on climate change
mitigation, adaptation, early warning
• Embed climate change in national policies and planning
• Secure effective finance

15. CCAFS scientists work with 73 partners in
Cambodia, Lao PDR, the Philippines and
Vietnam.
Southeast Asia
Climate-Smart Village model adopted by governments
• Establishment of 17 Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative in Agriculture
villages in the Philippines and 4 Climate and Nutrition Smart Villages
in Myanmar
Rural broadcasting on Climate-Smart Agriculture
• 150 Rural broadcasters participated in a program with local
researchers to advocate CSA in the Philippines
Involvement in seasonal planning
• 10 participatory advisories were distributed to at least 3500
households in northcentral Vietnam

16. Vietnam’s Nationally
Determined Contribution
• Vietnam was one of the first
countries to ratify the UNFCCC.
• With domestic resources,
Vietnam will reduce GHG
emissions by 8% by 2030
compared to business-as-usual
(BAU) scenario.
• This contribution could be
increased by up to 25% with
international support.
Photo: G. Smith (CIAT)

17. • Develop sustainable agriculture and
improve effectiveness and
competitiveness of agricultural
production
• Research and develop solutions in
farming, livestock, fisheries and animal
feed and food processing sectors;
• Efficiently use seedlings, feed,
agricultural materials, soil, water,
and other inputs through best
production processes and economic
technologies
• Treat and reuse by-products and
waste from agricultural production
to produce animal feed, mushrooms,
materials for industries, biogas, and
organic fertilizer.
Vietnam’s mitigation plan: Measures
Photo: Pete Smith (CIAT)

18. Challenges in South East Asia
• Adverse effects of climate
change with expectation of
increasing incidence of flood,
drought and coastal salinity
• Increasing population and
demand
• Loss of arable land and
competition for water due to
urbanization
• Inadequate supplies of high
quality seeds and inputs
• Vulnerability of farmers to
biotic and abiotic shocks
• Aging farm populations and
increasing labor costs
• High levels of crop losses in
quality and quantity along
the production – post harvest
value chain
Photo: Georgina Smith (CIAT)

19. Vietnam’s mitigation plan: Agricultural subsectors
• Enteric fermentation
• Manure
management
• Rice cultivation
• Agriculture soils
• Prescribed burning
of savannas
• Field burning of
agricultural residues
Photo: V. Meadu (CCAFS)

20. CCAFS target countries
Guatemala
El Salvador
Honduras
Nicaragua
Colombia
Ghana
Senegal
Mali
Niger
Burkina Faso
Tanzania
Kenya
Ethiopia
Uganda
India
Nepal
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Vietnam
Laos