Presentation of Zipporah Musyimi at 2013 workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/climate-food-and-farming-network

1. PASTORAL LAND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS IN THE SAHEL: THE CONSEQUENT CLIMATE FORCINGS
ZIPPORAH MUSYIMI
SUPERVISION BY
Prof. Dr. T. Uddelhoven (University Trier)
Dr. L. Zida (INERA)
Dr. J. de Leeuw (ILRI)

2. OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
•BACKGROUND
•HYPOTHESIS
•REASERCH QUESTIONS
•OBJECTIVES
 METTHODOLOGY
•DESCIPTION OF THE STUDY SITE
•DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS

3. Introduction –Background
Pastoral sytems in African drylands
Pastoral sytems Future resilience –Uncertain due to climate
change effects
Way foward – Livelihood diverification options
--Mitigation options
CARBON CREDITS
????- Managing land for carbon credits (Geochemical) may
upset the cooling effects due to warming due to changes in
physical land characteristics of land surface (Geophysical)
Study Relevance – Could the pastorlists benefit from Payment of Environmental Sercives
(PAYES) opting for management which mitigate climate?

4. Introduction –Aim, Hypothesis, Research questions
Aim: Develop a framework for assessment of the climatic forcing consequent of different
land management by integrating two lines of evidence: Geophysical and Geochemical
Hypothesis
Hypothesis 1 : Land management have significant impacts on both the geochemical
and geophysical climate Forcing
Hypothesis 2: Land cover changes influence the both below ground carbon storage
and the surface albedo
Research questions
• What are the impacts of land management on Above ground carbon stock ?
•What impact do land management options have on surface albedo?
•What is the net Radiative forcing of pastoral land management options considering both
the geochemical and geophysical factors?
•What are the land dynamics with within 20 years and their implications on SC and Albedo

5. Objectives
1.Assess the impact of land management options on the geochemical climate Forcing
(carbon sequestration) (RQ1)
2.Assess the impact of pastoral land management options on the Geophysical forcing
(Surface Albedo) –(RQ2)
3.Estimate the net climate forcing consequent from the land management options
(Considering Geochemical and Geophyical Factors) (RQ3)
4.Assess land cover changes within 20 year time step and estimate the consequent climatic
forcing considering both the biophysical and biochemical aspects (RQ4)

6. Methods: Description of the study area

7. Methods: Description of the study site
Laba
Tiogo

8. Methods: Description of Land management options

9. Methods: Description of the experimental design
Grazing
Fire
Selective cutting
Grazing
No Fire
No Cutting
Selective cutting
Number of plots
of (50X50)
4
4
Annual early fire
No Cutting
Selective cutting
4
4
No Cutting
Selective cutting
4
4
No fire
No Cutting
Selective cutting
4
4
Annual early fire
No Cutting
Selective cutting
4
4
No Grazing

10. Methods: Description of the study area- experimental layout- Tiogo and Laba

11. Methods: Description of the Remote sensing data
Characteristics
Data sets
Albedo and above ground
carbon estimation
Land cover changes
Sensor
Geo- eye
Spot 4 and 5
Spatial
resolution
0.5 m
20km
Temporal subset 3/11/2010, 3/21/2011
21/06/1987, 21/06/1998,
21/06/2009
Projection
WGS84
WGS84

12. Methods: Estimation of above ground Carbon – Objective 1
Above Ground carbon
estimation (Field data)
Image Processing
•Calculate Above Ground
Biomas
•Calculate Above ground
Stock
•Atmospheric corrections
•Pansharpening
Ready image for
analysis
Spatial Modelling
Image Analysis
•Object oriented analysis
•Validation
Tree Crowns/species
• Develop a model – Crown
Projection Area(CPA) and
AGC
•Apply the model to the
Image
ABOVE GROUND CARBON
MAP
Above ground Carbon
stock (AGC)

13. Methods: Radiative Forcings of carbon storage (based on Kirschbaum et al 2011)
•The change in Radiative Forcing for a square meter of ground RM can be calculated
as follows
Where
C =Background atmospheric carbondioxide concentration
∆C = Change in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations attributed to Land
management .
86400= is the number of seconds in a day.
5.35 =Converts units of carbon dioxide to radiative forcing.
A change in carbon stock
change in the atmosphere
needs to be converted to the corresponding concentration

14. Methods: Radiative Forcings of carbon storage (based on Kirschbaum et al 2011)
Considering that 1 ppm in carbon dioxide concentration corresponds to 2.123 GtC: Thus
The total radiative forcing over a year and for the Earth surface as a whole
can be calculated as
510x10 12m2 = Surface of the Earth,
365= Number of days in a year.
With an atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of 390ppm and for the earth as a whole
the earth the Radiative Forcing of removal
of I tonne carbon can be calculated as

15. Methods:
Estimation of surface albedo– Objective 2
Image-Rainy season
Image Processing
•Atmospheric corrections
Ready image for
analysis
Image Analysis
•Extraction of surface
Albedo using ATCORE
software
Albedo (Wet season)
Image-Dry season
Image Processing
• Atmospehericcorrections
Ready image for
analysis
Image Analysis
•Extraction of surface
Albedo using ATCORE
software
Albedo (Dry seson)

16. Methods: Radiative Forcings of Surface Albedo (based on Kirschbaum et al 2011)
The change in Radiative Forcing due to change in Albedo can be calculated as
= Total daily downward solar radiation
= Difference in Albedo over the short wave spectrum between two different
land management options
= The proportion of short wave radiation absorbed by the atmosphere (~20%)
The difference in Radiative Forcing for 50 m2 over a year can be calculated as
2500= Number of square metres of the experimental site

17. Methods: Land cover /Use changes and impact on soil carbon-Objective 4

18. THANK YOU