Conditionals

Would
• Would is most commonly used to create
conditional verb form. It also serves at the
past form of the modal verb “will”.
1. Would can express past habits.
Example: when I was kid. I would always go
to the beach.

2. If would is stress, It suggests criticism and
Irritation.
Example: My friend would borrow my shoes
without asking. It really annoyed me.
3. Stressed would can also be used to criticize a
single past action.
Example: Did he say I hit him? He would say that.
I hate her.

4. Would is used to express the future in the
past. It reports speech and thoughts.
Example: I know you would help him.
I know you wouldn’t help him.
5. Would can express a refusal on a particular
past occasion.
Example: I asked her if she was going out with
boyfriend, but she wouldn’t tell me.

Real and unreal tense usage
• Introduction
English tense usage can be divided in two
categories: tense used to refer to fact, and
those used to refer to non-fact.

Fact is what is considered to be real or quite possible
Example:I work in a restaurant but I don’t earn much.
If it rains, I will use an umbrella.
Non-fact is what is supposed or wished for, which is
either unreal or improbable.
Example: I wish I had a lot of money.
If I had money, I would buy a car.

Tenses used to refer to fact are related to real
time. For example, a past verb form refer to the
past.
Example: I had lovely holiday in Russia last year.
 Tenses used to refer to non-fact are not related to
real time.
Generally speaking this unreality is expressed by
shifting the verb form “backwards ’’for example
from present to past.
Example: If I had more time, I could travel around
the world.

Conditional Sentences
Zero Conditional: If /when + present tense …..
/ present tense
If I am late for work my boss gets angry.
First Conditional: If/unless + present,…..
Future
If I study, I’ll pass.

Second Conditional: If + past, ……would +inf.
If I studied, I would pass
Third Conditional: If + past perfect ….. would
have + pp
If I had studied, I would have passed

Zero Conditionals
Tense :
Present tense in both clauses
Example :
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
If you pour oil into water, it floats.
Present TensePresent Tense

1. Talk about universal truth.
Examples:
If you heat ice, it turns to water.
If it snows, road gets slippery and dangerous.
If it rains, you get wet
2. To talk about habits
Examples:
If I see a spider, I get very scared!
If my father reads a book, he gets up early.
If babies are hungry, they cry

First Conditionals
Tense :
If-clause ~ Present Tense
Main Clause ~ Future Tense
•If I feel sick tomorrow, I will not go to school.
•If it rains, the match will be cancelled.
Present Tense Future Tense

1. to talk about a future situation that is
possible. Example:
•If you try very hard, you'll see the difference.
•John will be late, if you don't lend him your car.
2. To speak about possible or probable future
events.
•If the weather is as sunny tomorrow as it was
today, we will go surfing.
•If it rains, there will be a lot traffic

3. To make promises or warnings
•If you forget my birthday, I’ll never speak to you
again.
•I will buy iPhone 6, if you get high score.
4. To give commands
•If you are tired, go to bed!

Second Conditionals
Tense :
If-clause ~ Past Tense
Main Clause ~ would + an infinitive
•If he were a bird, he would fly across the harbour.
•If I had $200,000 now, I would buy a car.
Past TensePast Tense Would + infinitiveWould + infinitive

The second conditional is like the first conditional.
We are still thinking about the future. We are
thinking about a particular condition in the future,
and the result of this condition. But there is not a
real possibility that this condition will happen.
Examples:
If I were taller, I would join the police.( in reality
I am not, and never be ,tall enough to join the
police)
If I were a billionaire, I would travel the world.

1. To speak about present and future situations
which are unlikely to happen.
If I were you, I wouldn't do this.
If I were you, I would drink a lot milk.
2. The Second Conditional is used to talk
about 'impossible' situations
Example
If we were in London today, we would be able
to go to the concert in Hyde Park.
If I had millions dollars, I'd give a lot to charity.

3. 'If I were you' which is often used to give
advice.
Example:
If I were you, I'd look for a new place to live.
If I were you, I'd go back to school and get more
qualifications.
If I were you I would studied to university.

Third Conditionals
Tense :
If-clause ~ Past Perfect Tense
Main Clause ~ Would Have + Past Participle
•If I had had enough money, I would have bought
the camera yesterday.( I didn’t have enough money
so I didn’t buy it)
•If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick
Past Perfect TensePast Perfect Tense Would have+ Past ParticipleWould have+ Past Participle

1. To speak about impossible past events
•If they’d gone by bus, they would have arrived
much later.(They didn’t go by bus)
•He would have travelled around the world if he
had had more money.( Impossible to change,
because he didn’t have the money)

2. Imaginary situations in the past
This includes actions that did not happen in the past.
Examples:
•If I had gone to university, I would have studied
medicine.(I didn’t go to university so I didn’t study)
•If You had gone to the party, you would have
met him.(I didn’t go to party so I didn’t meet him)

3. Regret about something in the past
Examples:
If I had finished high school and gone to
university, I would have gotten a better job.
I would have gone to Paris wit my friends If I had
passed the exam.

4. Criticism about Past
If you had driven more carefully, We wouldn’t
have had an accident. (You had an accident
because you didn’t drive carefully enough)
If you had saved your money, you could have
bought a computer. (You didn’t save money so
you can't afford a computer)

Before we start Mixed Conditional
Second Conditional
•If I was a lawyer and not a teacher, I would be
rich.
•Imaginary present situation, with its present result.
Third Conditional
•If I had studied medicine, I would have become a
doctor.
•Imaginary past situation, with its past result.

What are Mixed Conditionals?
A mixed conditional gives a situation and result -
but one is in the past, and the other is in the
present.
For example:
If we had taken the car, we wouldn’t be late.
If I were rich, I would have bought that
Ferrari we saw yesterday.(I am not rich so I didn’t
buy Ferrari)
We are late now
(in the present)
We didn’t take the car
(in the past)

Mixed Conditional
It is possible for each of the two clauses in a
conditional sentence to have a different time
reference, and the result is a mixed conditional.
Form:
If+ subject+ second conditional, subject+ third
conditional
If we had brought a map with us, we would know
where we are.( we didn’t bring a map so we don’t
know)
If I didn’t love her, I wouldn’t have married her.

1. This type of mixed conditional expresses a
general condition with an imaginary result in the
past:
Example:
If I spoke better English, I could have got the job. (I
don't speak English well enough, so I didn't get
the job)
If you were smarter, you wouldn't have
borrowed money in the first place. (you are not
smart; that's why you borrowed money)

2. This type of mixed conditional expresses a
hypothetical condition in the past with an imaginary
result in the present:
Example:
If we had followed the sign, we wouldn't be lost
now. (we didn't follow the sign, and now we are lost)
If you had drunk less last night, you wouldn't
have a hangover. (you drank too much last night,
that's why you have a hangover now)
IF + 3RD CONDITIONAL | 2ND CONDITIONAL
3RD
conditional 2nd
conditional2nd
conditional

Hypothesizing about the present
and future
Present state
When we hypothesize about present state, the
past simple tense form is used
Examples:
I wish you lived nearer.
If only I had a car!

Present action or event
When we hypothesize about
present action or event, would is used
Examples:
I wish you’d help more in the house.
If only she wouldn’t wash her socks in the bath!
I wish/ if only
We can say I wish/ if only + past simple
Examples:
If only I knew how to use a computer.

Would refer to definite time in the future, but
only if we think that the action will probably
not happen.
Examples:
I wish you wouldn't arrive so late all the time.
If only you’d fix the car this weekend, we
could go for a drive.

If it is possible that our wish will be realized,
then a different structure such as I hope is
needed.
Example:
I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
Fact v. non-fact
. He looks as if he is American.
He looks as if he were American.

The same distinction is found with other as if/as
though structure.
Examples:
Why is that girl smiling at me as though she
knew me?
He behaves as if he owned the place.
It’s time
When we want to say that it is time for someone
else to do something, the past tense is often used.
Example:
It’s time you got your hair cut.

Expresses that something should be done and
that is already a bit late.
Examples:
It’s time you went to bed. You’ll have to get up
early tomorrow.
It’s about time this road was completed. They’ve
been working on it for months.
When we say the right time has arrived for
something and we are still in time.
Examples:
It’s time for breakfast.
It’s time to go to bed.

What if…/suppose/supposing
What if and suppose/supposing + past simple
Suppose Henry came to stay with us for a couple
of weeks. You’d like that, wouldn’t you?
Would rather
Talking about your own preference or asking
someone his or her in specific situation
Examples:
I’d rather stay in tonight.
Would u rather stay in or go out tonight?

Only stating ur preference about what u want
someone else to do, or asking someone about his
or her preference about what he or she wants to
do in specific situation.
Examples:
I’d rather he stayed in tonight.
Would u rather I stayed in or went out tonight?

2. Expressing regret
Form:
Example:
If only I had woken up early.(I didn’t wake up
early and I missed my bus.)
Use:
To express a regret.
The action is past.

Fact v. non-fact
Examples:
He looked as if he was tired.
He looked as if he had seen a ghost.

1. It can be used with a perfect infinitive to talk
about thing we wish we had done.
Example:
I would like to have lived in the
eighteenth century.
Would like

2. This can also be expressed by would have like
followed by either an ordinary infinitive or a
perfect infinitive.
3. The same forms can be refer to the present and
the future if it is contrary to fact.
I would have like to live
I would have like to
have lived
In the eighteenth
century.
I would have like to stay
in
I would have liked to
stayed in
tonight, instead of going
out.

Softening the message
We can make our message less direct by using
certain construction . Sometimes we want to
express ourselves in tactful, and polite. So we
don’t want too direct or confront.
Ex: could you lend me some money?
( is less direct than lend me some money)

What makes a message softer and
less direct?
1. Using hypothesizing: would, could, and
condition forms.
This distances the speaker they are only speaking
hypothiscally and so makes the message less
direct
2. Using past tense
Ex: I wondered if you were free tonight? I thought
we could go to the cinema.

3. Using continuous
Ex: I was hoping you could tell me the answer.
When will you be arriving?
4. Using indirect phrase
Ex: I wonder if you could help me?

References
• http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files
/grammar-lesson-if-only.php
• http://www.grammaring.com/its-high-time
• http://www.grammarly.com/answers/questions/
11713-usage-of-would-rather/

Exercise
1. I’m sorry I couldn’t get to the hospital. (only)
If……………………………….to the hospital.
2. We hate it when you shout. (wish)
We……………………………………shout.
3. Please don’t talk so loudly. (rather)
I……………………………...talk so loudly.
4. I should tell you the trust now. (time)
It’s……………………………you the trust.
Only I could have gotOnly I could have got
wish you wouldn’twish you wouldn’t
‘d rather you did‘d rather you did
time I should have toldtime I should have told

5………you’d run out of money. then what would
you have done?
A.If only B. it’s time C. Supposing
6. You were fortune not to break ur arm in the
crash. (supposing)
……………………………..your arm in the crash.
7. it’s a bad thing we weren’t able to repair the
printer. (could)
We wish……………………………the printer.
Supposing you had
broken
Supposing you had
broken
we could have repairedwe could have repaired

Exercises
• Identifying conditionals
I. Choose the correct answer.
1 - If I drink tea in the morning, it makes
me feel sick.
 Zero Conditional
 First Conditional
 Second Conditional
 Third Conditional


Exercises
2 - I'll tell her if she comes.
 Second
Conditional
3 - If I were you, I'd buy it as soon as
possible.



Exercises
4 - If I had the time, I’d help you
 Third Conditional5 – If I didn’t love her, I wouldn’t have
married her.



6 - If you work hard enough, you may well
pass.
7 – Water boils if you heat it to a
hundred degrees celsius.



Thank You
for paying attention

Conditionals

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