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Carina C. Zona!
ZeroVM
What is
Lightweight 

execution!
for the cloud
open source
sponsored by 

Rackspace
Safely execute arbitrary code
from untrusted users in 

multi-tenant environments
open source
sponsored by 

Rackspace
VMs

Fat
• Shared resources ->
exposure vector!
• Slow spin-up!
• Resource hog, so

horizontal scaling is
expensive!
• Excessive resources
Containers

Leaner.
However...!
• Shares even more resources
than VMs -> increasing
contamination risk!
• Excessive resources
ZeroVM
75 KB SIZE!
5 MS OVERHEAD
Optimized for multi-tenancy
ZeroVM : Egg Crates!
::!
Container : Shipping Crates
Horizontal Scaling
Illustration by Pierre-Yves Ritschard http://spootnik.org/presentations/scalability-softshake-2013
ZeroVM Containers
Inherent Complicated
Massively scalable
Few containers 

per host
Secure isolation based on
proven technology
NaCL!
Processes can't 

jump, communicate, 

or coordinate
No sys calls!
!
Connect to host or nodes only 

via declared I/O channels
Oh noesssss!
Do massively scalable 

compute operations 

inside the datastore.
Deterministic
• run operations
in parallel!
• easy to debug!
"The definition of insanity is doing
something over and over again,
and expecting different results"
Hah!!
!
Repeatability is the feature.!
It doesn't drive you crazy.
not
what • run isolated processes, securely!
• execution environment
• run isolated apps, conveniently !
• infrastructure manager
isolation • NaCL • Linux namespacing (similar to LXC)
main uses • compute intensive operations!
• run arbitrary code within datastore!
• sandboxing
• devops!
• deployment!
• testing
strengths • executables run the same every time!
• 5 ms spinup!
• fine-grained (ms) metering!
• embeddable!
• multi-tenant!
• massive horizontal scaling!
• easy to debug!
• no kernel access!
• true isolation
• server templates run the same every time!
• portability!
• mature!
• large community!
• lots of templates & plugins available
weaknesses • X86 64 only!
• bleeding edge!
• no plugins (yet)!
• executables must be cross-compiled &
single-threaded
• shares kernel & other resources!
• exposes even more thanVMs
zerovm.org!
docs.zerovm.org!
github/zeromv
Image Credits
• "Ketchup" designed byTom Glass, Jr. 

from the thenounproject.com!
• "Infinite Box" photo by rumo_der_wolperdinger,
on Flickr!
• "Pink Balloon" photo by 

Alan, on Flickr!
• "Carroll House Shipping Container Home"
photo by Inhabit Blog, on Flickr!
• "10,000 Shipping Containers Lost At Sea Each
Year" photo by PaulTownsend, on Flickr!
• "A-salt-ed!" by JD Hancock, on Flickr!
• "Eggs" photo by Pietro Izzo, on Flickr!
• Chromium logo by Logonoid!
• "The dark side in a whole new light: Evil Star
Wars Stormtrooper photographed in tender
scenes with young son" by Kristina
Alexanderson, in the Daily Mail!
• "debug version 2" photo by Franz & P, on Flickr
Resource Credits
• "Zerovm background" by Prosunjit
Biswas http://www.slideshare.net/
prosunjit/zerovm-background!
• "Docker & Containerization:
"Milliseconds Matter" by Ben Golub 

http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/
node/3073584

• ZeroVM documentation 

http://zerovm.org & http://
docs.zerovm.org/!
• "Cluster-wide Java/Scala application
deployments with Docker, Chef and
Amazon OpsWorks" by Adam Warski 

http://www.warski.org/blog/2014/06/
cluster-wide-javascala-application-
deployments-with-docker-chef-and-
amazon-opsworks/

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What Is ZeroVM

  • 2. Lightweight 
 execution! for the cloud open source sponsored by 
 Rackspace
  • 3. Safely execute arbitrary code from untrusted users in 
 multi-tenant environments open source sponsored by 
 Rackspace
  • 4. VMs
 Fat • Shared resources -> exposure vector! • Slow spin-up! • Resource hog, so
 horizontal scaling is expensive! • Excessive resources
  • 5. Containers
 Leaner. However...! • Shares even more resources than VMs -> increasing contamination risk! • Excessive resources
  • 6. ZeroVM 75 KB SIZE! 5 MS OVERHEAD
  • 8. ZeroVM : Egg Crates! ::! Container : Shipping Crates
  • 9.
  • 10. Horizontal Scaling Illustration by Pierre-Yves Ritschard http://spootnik.org/presentations/scalability-softshake-2013 ZeroVM Containers Inherent Complicated Massively scalable Few containers 
 per host
  • 11. Secure isolation based on proven technology
  • 12. NaCL!
  • 13. Processes can't 
 jump, communicate, 
 or coordinate
  • 14. No sys calls! ! Connect to host or nodes only 
 via declared I/O channels
  • 16. Do massively scalable 
 compute operations 
 inside the datastore.
  • 17. Deterministic • run operations in parallel! • easy to debug!
  • 18. "The definition of insanity is doing something over and over again, and expecting different results"
  • 19. Hah!! ! Repeatability is the feature.! It doesn't drive you crazy.
  • 20. not
  • 21. what • run isolated processes, securely! • execution environment • run isolated apps, conveniently ! • infrastructure manager isolation • NaCL • Linux namespacing (similar to LXC) main uses • compute intensive operations! • run arbitrary code within datastore! • sandboxing • devops! • deployment! • testing strengths • executables run the same every time! • 5 ms spinup! • fine-grained (ms) metering! • embeddable! • multi-tenant! • massive horizontal scaling! • easy to debug! • no kernel access! • true isolation • server templates run the same every time! • portability! • mature! • large community! • lots of templates & plugins available weaknesses • X86 64 only! • bleeding edge! • no plugins (yet)! • executables must be cross-compiled & single-threaded • shares kernel & other resources! • exposes even more thanVMs
  • 23. Image Credits • "Ketchup" designed byTom Glass, Jr. 
 from the thenounproject.com! • "Infinite Box" photo by rumo_der_wolperdinger, on Flickr! • "Pink Balloon" photo by 
 Alan, on Flickr! • "Carroll House Shipping Container Home" photo by Inhabit Blog, on Flickr! • "10,000 Shipping Containers Lost At Sea Each Year" photo by PaulTownsend, on Flickr! • "A-salt-ed!" by JD Hancock, on Flickr! • "Eggs" photo by Pietro Izzo, on Flickr! • Chromium logo by Logonoid! • "The dark side in a whole new light: Evil Star Wars Stormtrooper photographed in tender scenes with young son" by Kristina Alexanderson, in the Daily Mail! • "debug version 2" photo by Franz & P, on Flickr
  • 24. Resource Credits • "Zerovm background" by Prosunjit Biswas http://www.slideshare.net/ prosunjit/zerovm-background! • "Docker & Containerization: "Milliseconds Matter" by Ben Golub 
 http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/ node/3073584
 • ZeroVM documentation 
 http://zerovm.org & http:// docs.zerovm.org/! • "Cluster-wide Java/Scala application deployments with Docker, Chef and Amazon OpsWorks" by Adam Warski 
 http://www.warski.org/blog/2014/06/ cluster-wide-javascala-application- deployments-with-docker-chef-and- amazon-opsworks/