1. Principles of Genetics Book: Snustad and Simmons, 4th ed. (new edition) Professor: John C. Larkin

2. Contact Information: John C. Larkin Office: 316 Life Sciences Office Hours: Wed. 10:00am-12:00am Phone: 578-8552 Email: [email_address]

3. Teaching Assistants: See syllabus for your TA and location of your Discussion Section

4. Discussion Sections (“Labs”) Discussion of homework problems Quizzes Turn in homework Discussion sections will meet this week!

5. Grading: Two lecture exams 200 points Final exam ( Comprehensive!) 100 points Homework (best 5 of 6) 50 points Quizzes (best 5 of 6) 50 points 400 points

6. Make-up Exam: The third exam is an in class make-up exam for students who missed an exam due to an excused absence. There will be no other make-up exams. The make-up may not substitute for the final. Students may also take the make-up exam to replace a lecture exam score but in this case the make-up exam must count toward the final grade.

9. Incarceration rate by gender (from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/prisons.htm ) : Men are ten times as likely as women to be in prison. But, incarceration rate is increasing faster among women than among men (from 2003 to 2004, 2.9% increase for women, 2.0% increase for men).

10. Genetics: The Science of Inheritance Genotype (Inherited traits) Environment Phenotype (Actual characteristics of organism)

11. Genetic Variation in Chickens Gold-laced Wyandotte Black Wyandotte

12. White-crested Polands

13. Genetically-engineered resistance to the European Corn Borer Fig. 1.14

14. Structure of Eukaryotic Cells Fig. 2.2

17. Functions of DNA: Replication (preserves genetic information) Gene expression (information in genes expressed as protein for cell functions)

18. (Fig. 1.6) DNA replication depends on base-pairing and preserves the sequence of bases

19. Gene Expression: The process by which genes affect the phenotype. Converts sequence of nucleotides to sequence of amino acids in a protein, via transcription and translation.

20. Human beta-globin gene expression FIG. 1.7

23. Mutations in genes change proteins and phenotypes Normal gene Normal protein Normal phenotype Mutant gene Mutant protein Mutant phenotype

25. Replication of a chromosome during mitosis (in a diploid) Diploid cell Replicated chromosomes Chr. # preserved

26. Meiosis Four haploid gametes Meiosis Diploid cell

27. Human Life Cycle Mitosis makes my toes Meiosis makes my gametes (From Campbell)

28. The Cell Cycle (Fig. 2.4) G1 S G2 Mitosis & cytokinesis

29. Structure of a replicated chromosome

31. Replication of a chromosome in a diploid (n=1) during mitosis (see Fig.2.10) G1 S G2 After cytokinesis Both daughter cells still diploid! 2n 2c 2n 4c 2n 2c

32. Stages of mitosis (Fig. 2.6)

33. Stages of mitosis

34. Note! At metaphase in mitosis, all chromosomes line up individually on the metaphase plate, and the chromatids separate and move to opposite poles as independent chromosomes.

35. Meiosis Fig. 2.11

38. Chromosomes in Meiosis (in a diploid, see Fig. 2.10) 2n, 2c 2n, 4c 1n, 2c 1n, 2c Meiosis I: Reduction division Tetrad Two copies of same chromosome

39. Meiosis, continued 1n, 2c 1n, 2c Meiosis II Four haploid gametes, all 1n, 1c.

40. Fig. 2.14. Crossing over Occurs during prophase I Chiasma (pl. chiasmata) indicate where chromosomes have exchanged genetic material.

41. Crossing over (Recombination) Synapsis (pairing) Prophase I Metaphase I

42. Genes in Meiosis Meiosis I: Reduction division Two copies of chromosome, with  -globin alleles H h Let H= normal  -globin Let h=sickle cell  -globin

43. Meiosis, continued Meiosis II Four haploid gametes, 2 H and 2 h H H h h

44. Fig 3.1 Let D = tall Let d = dwarf P F1 F2 D_ = DD or Dd DD dd Dd 787 Tall (D_ ) 277 Dwarf (dd)

47. Fig. 3.2. Symbolic representation of Mendel’s cross Punnett Square