The document provides an overview of the contents of a chapter on medieval Japan, including three main sections. Section 1 discusses early Japan, including the geography, early peoples, and the Shinto religion. Section 2 covers the rise of shoguns and samurai in Japan. Section 3 examines life in medieval Japan and the influence of religion on culture. The chapter objectives are listed as describing the role of geography in Japan's development, discussing the rise of shoguns and samurai, and relating the impact of religion on Japan's culture.

2. Chapter Introduction Section 1 Early Japan Section 2 Shoguns and Samurai Section 3 Life in Medieval Japan Reading Review Chapter Assessment Medieval Japan Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

4. Medieval Japan

6. Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section describes the geography of Japan, its early peoples, China’s early influences on the country, and the origin of the religion of Shinto. Early Japan

11. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Organizing Information Create a diagram like the one on page 484 of your textbook to show the basics of the Shinto religion. Early Japan

15. Why did Japanese people settle along the coast? Japan’s rugged, mountainous terrain left little farmable land, so people settled along the coast to fish for food. Early Japan

20. How did the Yayoi people bury their chiefs? The Yayoi buried their chiefs in large, dirt mounds surrounded by ditches. The mounds were filled with personal belongings, such as tools, weapons, and armor. Early Japan

24. What did Japanese officials and students learn in China? They learned about Buddhist teachings and about Chinese art, medicine, and philosophy. Early Japan

27. What religious activities occurred at shrines? Musicians, priests, and dancers performed for people who asked the gods for favors. Early Japan

28. What skills did the Yayoi practice that they may have learned from the Chinese and Koreans? using a potter’s wheel and growing rice in paddies Early Japan

29. Early Japan In the Shinto religion, what do people worship? How are they worshiped? People worship spirits called kami , which reside in all natural things. They are worshiped through rituals at shrines.

30. Summarize Describe Japanese society under the Yayoi around A.D. 300. Japanese society consisted of clans headed by a small group of warriors who protected the farmers, artisans, and servants. Early Japan

31. Analyze In what ways did Shotoku look to China to improve Japan? The government was centralized, with a powerful emperor and trained officials. People learned the Buddhist teachings, art, medicine, and philosophy. Early Japan

32. Expository Writing Imagine you are visiting Japan sometime in the A.D. 300s. Write a letter to a friend describing what you have observed and learned about the Shinto religion. Letter should describe the kami and religious practices. Early Japan

33. Look at a map on page R23 in your textbook. Describe how China’s relative location and size might have led to its influence on Japan. Early Japan

35. Shoguns and Samurai Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section describes the rise of the samurai and the shogunate in Japan.

39. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Showing Relationships Create a diagram like the one on page 491 of your textbook to show the relationship between daimyo and samurai. Shoguns and Samurai

43. In what ways did Nara resemble Changan? They both had broad streets, public squares, government offices, and Buddhist temples, though Nara was smaller than Changan. Shoguns and Samurai

49. What were the kamikaze pilots of World War II? Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed their planes into enemy targets. Shoguns and Samurai

54. Why did the samurai resent the shoguns? As the samurai divided their land, the pieces got smaller and smaller. They felt the shoguns had not given them enough land. Shoguns and Samurai

55. What was a shogun? Who was the first shogun, and how did he gain his position of power? A shogun was a military ruler of Japan. The emperor appointed Minamoto Yoritomo as first shogun to keep him loyal. Shoguns and Samurai

56. What prevented the Mongol conquest of Japan? Violent storms, called typhoons, smashed most of the Mongol ships. Shoguns and Samurai

57. Describe Describe events related to the growth of Buddhism in Japan. Answers should match information in the text. Shoguns and Samurai

58. Explain Why did the power of the Japanese emperors decline during the A.D. 800s? Regents refused to give up their power, while nobles gained power and formed personal armies. Shoguns and Samurai

59. Analyze How did the beliefs of the samurai affect Japanese soldiers in World War II? They refused to surrender and fought to the death. Shoguns and Samurai

60. Expository Writing Create a constitution, or plan for government, that describes the relationship between the emperor and shogun, the daimyo, and the samurai. Constitutions should explain relative relationships. Shoguns and Samurai

61. Discuss how the power of Japan’s emperor changed over time. Shoguns and Samurai

63. Life in Medieval Japan Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section describes the influence of religion on Japan’s cultural development and the roles of various social groups.

67. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Reading Strategy Summarizing Information Complete a diagram like the one on page 498 of your textbook describing the role of women in the families of medieval Japan. Life in Medieval Japan

73. How were Japanese gardens built? Why were they built this way? Japanese gardens were designed to imitate nature in miniature form. The gardens contained rocks, a few plants, and raked sand. They were meant to create peace and calmness. Life in Medieval Japan

78. What was life like for a Japanese farming woman? Wives of farmers worked long, hard hours in the fields. They also had to cook, spin and weave cloth, and care for their children. Life in Medieval Japan

79. How did the Shinto and Buddhist religions meet different needs in Japan? Shinto: concerned with daily life; Buddhism: prepared people for the life to come. Life in Medieval Japan

80. What were Noh plays, and how were they performed? Japan’s oldest form of play; performed on a simple, bare stage by actors who wore masks and danced, gestured, and chanted poetry to music. Life in Medieval Japan

81. Describe How did guilds benefit artisans and daimyos? Guilds offered protection from rival artisans, and sold daimyo goods they could not get themselves. Life in Medieval Japan

82. Analyze Why do you think women lost some of their freedoms when Japan became a warrior society? Answers will vary. Life in Medieval Japan

83. Descriptive Writing Write a brief article for a travel magazine describing the architecture of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in Japan during the Middle Ages Articles should note that Shinto shrines were Japanese in style, while Buddhist temples were built in a Chinese style. Life in Medieval Japan

84. Discuss what you have learned about the samurai in medieval Japan. Life in Medieval Japan

93. Section 1 Early Japan How did geography shape Japanese society? The many mountains limited the amount of farmland. Armies often fought over farmland, and people turned to fishing and trading among the islands. Medieval Japan Review Main Ideas

94. How did Shotoku use Chinese government and culture as a model? He created a constitution that gave all power to the emperor. He also set up a bureaucracy. He sent officials and students to China to study religion, art, medicine, and philosophy. He also built Buddhist temples and monasteries. Medieval Japan Section 1 Early Japan Review Main Ideas

95. Section 2 Shoguns and Samurai Describe the roles of shoguns. Shoguns were military leaders appointed by the emperor to govern. They controlled military forces and ruled provinces through samurai. Medieval Japan Review Main Ideas

96. What happened when the shogun’s power weakened? Japan broke into warring kingdoms ruled by daimyo. Medieval Japan Section 2 Shoguns and Samurai Review Main Ideas

97. Section 3 Life in Medieval Japan Which religions shaped much of Japan’s culture? Shinto and Buddhism Medieval Japan Review Main Ideas

98. How did the shogun period affect different groups of Japanese people? Some nobles, merchants, and artisans grew wealthy, but women’s lives remained restricted. Medieval Japan Section 3 Life in Medieval Japan Review Main Ideas

99. Analyze Why do you think the early Japanese people were so independent? Islands and mountains limited contact with the rest of Asia. Medieval Japan

100. Contrast How were the Yayoi more advanced than the Jomon? The Jomon were nomadic, fished, and made pottery. In contrast, the Yayoi farmed and made pottery on a wheel, metal tools, weapons, and bells. Medieval Japan

102. Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Journey Across Time Web site. Click on Chapter 14-Chapter Overviews to preview information about this chapter. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://www.jat.glencoe.com

103. Map Geography of Japan Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

104. Click the map to view an interactive version.

105. Sushi refers to a Japanese dish that combines rice, vinegar, and other ingredients. Some people believe all sushi has raw fish, but this is not true. Some varieties of sushi are made of vegetables. Early Japan

106. Today, the Japanese city of Kyoto has a population of about 1.5 million people. Because the city was not bombed in World War II, it is the only major city in Japan to have a significant number of prewar buildings. It is now considered the cultural center of Japan. Shoguns and Samurai

107. The Japanese martial art known as aikido can trace its origins to ancient self-defense techniques, perhaps as far back as the A.D. 800s. Aikido uses various throws and twists to immobilize an attacker. Originally, aikido had no offensive moves, and competitions were not possible. Life in Medieval Japan

108. Identifying Cause and Effect Learn It! Reading Social Studies Learning to identify causes (reasons) and effects (results) will help you understand how and why things happen in history. Read the passage on the following slide and think about the result (effect) of Japan having mountains. Then see how the information can be pulled out and placed into a graphic organizer.

109. — from page 485 Reading Social Studies Because of Japan’s mountains, only about 20 percent of its land can be farmed. Throughout Japan’s history, local armies often fought over the few patches of fertile farmland. Just as in ancient Greece, the rugged terrain forced many Japanese to turn to the sea for a living. Cause Effects

110. — from page 485 Reading Social Studies Because of Japan’s mountains, only about 20 percent of its land can be farmed. Throughout Japan’s history, local armies often fought over the few patches of fertile farmland. Just as in ancient Greece, the rugged terrain forced many Japanese to turn to the sea for a living. Cause: Japan’s mountains Effect: land could not be farmed Effect: armies fought for farmland Effect: Japanese fished for a living

111. Using Graphic Organizers Practice It! Read the paragraph on page 483 of your textbook and create your own graphic organizer to show the effects of Yoritomo’s ruthless rule. Reading Social Studies

112. Medieval Japan Introduction

113. Early Japan

114. Shoguns and Samurai

115. Life in Medieval Japan

116. Japan’s New Constitution

117. Bushido Code

118. Focus on Everyday Life The path to becoming a samurai was difficult and dangerous. Mothers in samurai families began teaching their sons Bushido at a young age. They taught their sons to place bravery, honor, and loyalty above all else. Each young warrior knew and could recite from memory the brave feats of his samurai ancestors. For centuries, young samurai lived apart from their families in the castle of their lord or in the barracks of their lord’s town. Beginning in the 1800s, samurai schools were built, and boys lived there to continue the educations their mothers had started. From the age of 10, they trained in the martial arts and studied other subjects, such as math and astronomy. By the age of 16, some young men were already promising warriors who distinguished themselves in battle. Samurai

119. Connecting to the Past Bushido, and to place loyalty, honor, and bravery above all else 1. What lessons was the mother of a samurai responsible for teaching her young son? 2. Do you think soldiers today have a code of conduct similar to Bushido? Explain. Answers will vary.

120. A.D. 573–621 Prince Shotoku Statue believed to be of Prince Shotoku The Horyuji temple built by Prince Shotoku

121. Murasaki Shikibu c. A.D. 973–1025 Murasaki Shikibu Scene from The Tale of Genji

122. Chapter 14 Daily Focus Skills Transparency 14–1

123. Chapter 14 Daily Focus Skills Transparency 14 – 2

124. Chapter 14 Daily Focus Skills Transparency 14 – 3

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