Postal Ballots-For home voting step by step process 2024.pptx
HIV Prevention in the Biomedical Era, presented by Brett Palmer
1. Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
HIV Prevention
in the Biomedical Era
Thursday, August 27, 2014
Brett J. Palmer, MEd
Regional Resource Coordinator HIV/AIDS
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health
Region III – DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV
2. Regional Resource Network Program
Goals
• Educate and promote to regional HIV/AIDS stakeholders, both
governmental and non-governmental, the:
• National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS)
• Affordable Care Act
• Viral Hepatitis
• HIV/AIDS Treatment Cascade Model
• Foster or facilitate increased opportunities among regional
stakeholders for better local coordination in HIV/AIDS prevention,
planning, and service delivery consistent with the NHAS’s priorities
and principles.
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
3. Presentation Overview
HIV Prevention in the Biomedical Era
1. What has changed in federal prevention funding?
2. What is biomedical HIV prevention?
3. Why a shift to biomedical prevention?
4. Three major policies impacting biomedical prevention.
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
4. Presentation Overview
HIV Prevention in the Biomedical Era
1. What has changed in federal prevention funding?
2. What is biomedical HIV prevention?
3. Why a shift to biomedical prevention?
4. Three major policies impacting biomedical prevention.
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
7. Kaiser Family Foundation - U.S. Federal Funding for HIV/AIDS: The President’s FY 2015 Budget Request
http://kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/u-s-federal-funding-for-hivaids-the-presidents-fy-2015-budget-request/
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
8. Presentation Overview
HIV Prevention in the Biomedical Era
1. What has changed in federal prevention funding?
2. What is biomedical HIV prevention?
3. Why a shift to biomedical prevention?
4. Three major policies impacting biomedical prevention.
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
9. Biomedical Prevention:
Male Circumcision
For men, lowers the risk of:
• Acquiring HIV from female
partner
• STDs
• Penile cancer
• Infant urinary tract infection
For women, lowers the risk of:
• HPV and cervical cancer
• Genital ulceration
• Bacterial vaginosis
• Trichomoniasis
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/research/malecircumcision/index.html
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
10. Biomedical Prevention:
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Medication to reduce risk for non-positive people:
• Daily pill
Used consistently:
• Effective in MSM, MSW, WSM
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/research/prep/index.html
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
11. Biomedical Prevention:
Treatment as Prevention
Full prevention benefit of treating HIV infection, four tenets:
• HIV testing is foundation for both prevention and care efforts
• Early identification of infection empowers individuals to take action
• Early treatment reduces risk of transmitting HIV to others
• Prevention benefit of treatment can only be realized with the continuum
of care
ART as prevention may be promising if:
1. Widespread testing and early identification of infected persons
2. Ongoing counseling to support maintenance of safer sexual behaviors
3. Adequate clinical follow-up to monitor for adverse effects of ART
4. Geographic and financial accessibility of treatment for affected persons
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/research/tap/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/research/art/index.html
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
12. Presentation Overview
HIV Prevention in the Biomedical Era
1. What has changed in federal prevention funding?
2. What is biomedical HIV prevention?
3. Why a shift to biomedical prevention?
4. Three major policies impacting biomedical prevention.
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
13. Why a Biomedical Approach:
HIV Cost-Effectiveness
HIV testing cost per
new diagnosis
• In health care settings:
$1,900 – $10,000
• In non-health care settings:
$10,334 – $20,413
Cost of HIV treatment
• Annual: $23,000
• Lifetime: $379,668
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/ongoing/costeffectiveness/index.html
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
14. Annual HIV-related healthcare costs
Acute HIV 10–500
Asymptomatic HIV – Untreated 3,000–6,000
Symptomatic HIV – Untreated 5,000–9,000
Symptomatic HIV – Treated with ART (excludes ART costs) 5,000–7,000
AIDS – Untreated 15,000–26,000
AIDS – Treated with ART (excludes ART costs) 6,000–17,000
Annual non-HIV-related healthcare costs for uninfected and infected
individuals
3,000–6,000
Annual cost of ART 12,500–19,000
Cost of PrEP
TDF/FTC (30-day supply) 300–1,118
STI testing 25–75
Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine testing 10–40
Physician visit 10–200
Cost of HIV testing and counseling – Antibody test
Uninfected 5–25
HIV-infected 50–100
Pre-test counseling 0–100
Post-test counseling for HIV-negative persons 0–50
Post-test linkage/counseling for HIV-positive persons 0–100
Cost of HIV diagnosis 125–1,200
The Cost-Effectiveness of Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States; Jessie L. Juusola, Margaret L. Brandeau, Douglas K. Owens,
Eran Bendavid; Ann Intern Med. 2012 April 17; 156(8): 541–550. doi: 10.1059/0003-4819-156-8-201204170-00001; PMCID: PMC3690921
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
15. Presentation Overview
HIV Prevention in the Biomedical Era
1. What has changed in federal prevention funding?
2. What is biomedical HIV prevention?
3. Why a shift to biomedical prevention?
4. Three major policies impacting biomedical prevention.
1. Routine HIV Testing
2. Affordable Care Act
3. Continuum of Care
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
16. Routine HIV Testing in Medical Settings:
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Rationale:
• Identification and treatment of HIV infection means reduced risk of:
• HIV progression to AIDS
• AIDS-related events
• Death in individuals with immunologically advanced disease
• Earlier ART means reduced risk for AIDS-related events or death
• ART decreases risk for transmission from HIV-positive persons
• Identification and treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women reduces
rates of mother-to-child transmission
• “The overall benefits of screening for HIV infection in adolescents,
adults, and pregnant women are substantial”
U.S. Preventive Service Task Force: Screening for HIV: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf13/hiv/hivfinalrs.htm
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
17. Routine HIV Testing in Medical Settings:
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Recommendations:
• Clinicians screen for HIV infection in adolescents and adults ages 15
to 65
• Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk
should also be screened
• Clinicians screen all pregnant women for HIV
U.S. Preventive Service Task Force: Screening for HIV: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf13/hiv/hivfinalrs.htm
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
18. Routine HIV Testing in Medical Settings:
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening intervals:
• One-time screening of adolescent and adult patients
• Repeated screening:
• “At lease annually” for those who are very high risk:
• Men who have sex with men
• Active injection drug users
• “Somewhat longer intervals” (3–5 years) for those at increased risk
based on behavioral risk factors:
• Having unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse
• Having sexual partners who are HIV-infected, bisexual, or
injection drug users
• Exchanging sex for drugs or money
U.S. Preventive Service Task Force: Screening for HIV: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf13/hiv/hivfinalrs.htm
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
19. Presentation Overview
HIV Prevention in the Biomedical Era
1. What has changed in federal prevention funding?
2. What is biomedical HIV prevention?
3. Why a shift to biomedical prevention?
4. Three major policies impacting biomedical prevention.
1. Routine HIV Testing
2. Affordable Care Act
3. Continuum of Care
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
22. The Affordable Care Act:
Improving Access to Coverage
Insurers can no longer:
• Deny coverage to anyone based on pre-existing conditions
• Impose annual limits on coverage or lifetime caps on insurance
benefits
Tax subsidies available:
• Based on financial need
• Only through the Health Insurance Marketplaces
Medicaid expansion:
• Not available in all states
Prescription benefits:
• Closing the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit “donut hole”
• AIDS Drug Assistance Program
AIDS.GOV: http://aids.gov/federal-resources/policies/health-care-reform/
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
24. The Affordable Care Act:
Ensuring Quality Coverage
Better information
• Plans must provide user-friendly
information
Quality, comprehensive care
• 10 essential health benefits
Preventive care
• HIV screening
Coordinated care
• Patient-centered medical home
model of care
AIDS.GOV: http://aids.gov/federal-resources/policies/health-care-reform/
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
25. The Affordable Care Act:
Preventive Health Services
Free Preventive health services for adults
• HIV screening for everyone ages 15 to 65, and other ages at
increased risk
Free Preventive health services for women
• HIV screening and counseling for sexually active women
Free Preventive health services for children
• HIV screening for adolescents at higher risk
AIDS.GOV: http://aids.gov/federal-resources/policies/health-care-reform/
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
26. The Affordable Care Act:
Enhancing the Capacity of the
Health Care System
Major investments
• Community health centers to provide more opportunities for HIV care
delivery
Technical assistance
• Help those not providing HIV care to develop the capacity to do so
• Especially in minority communities
Expand capacity
• To deliver culturally competent care to populations heavily impacted
by HIV
• National LGBT Health Education Center funded by HRSA
AIDS.GOV: http://aids.gov/federal-resources/policies/health-care-reform/
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
27. The Affordable Care Act:
Increasing Opportunities for Health
and Well-Being
Prevention and wellness
• Investments in prevention, wellness, and public health activities
• Improve public health surveillance, community-based programs, and
outreach efforts
• Increase coverage for HIV testing
Diversity and cultural competency
• Expand cultural competency training for health care providers
• Ensure all populations are treated equitably
Health care providers for underserved communities
• Expand the health care workforce
• Increase funding for community health centers
AIDS.GOV: http://aids.gov/federal-resources/policies/health-care-reform/
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
28. Presentation Overview
HIV Prevention in the Biomedical Era
1. What has changed in federal prevention funding?
2. What is biomedical HIV prevention?
3. Why a shift to biomedical prevention?
4. Three major policies impacting biomedical prevention.
1. Routine HIV Testing
2. Affordable Care Act
3. Continuum of Care
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
29. What is the HIV/AIDS Care Continuum
Model used to identify issues related
to improving services for people living
with HIV:
• HIV Diagnosis
• Linked to Care
• Retained in Care
• Prescribed ART
• Virally Suppressed
AIDS.gov: http://aids.gov/federal-resources/policies/care-continuum/
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
30. HIV/AIDS Care Continuum Uses
How is the HIV care continuum
being used?
• Federal level:
• Inform how best to prioritize
and target available
resources
• Monitor national progress
• State and local levels:
• Assess where resources
are needed
• Target resources
accordingly
AIDS.gov: http://aids.gov/federal-resources/policies/care-continuum/
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
31. Importance of the HIV/AIDS Care Continuum
Why is the HIV Care Continuum
important?
• Pinpoint where gaps exist
• Better health for people living
with HIV/AIDS
• Helps achieve goals of the
NHAS
AIDS.gov: http://aids.gov/federal-resources/policies/care-continuum/
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
32. Challenges of the HIV/AIDS Care Continuum
Challenges Developing an
HIV/AIDS Care Continuum
• Collection of data
• Lack of resources at the state
and local level
AIDS.gov: http://aids.gov/federal-resources/policies/care-continuum/
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
33. HIV/AIDS Care Continuum Example
Hivcontinuum.org: http://hivcontinuum.org/city-complete.html?city=Philadelphia,%20PA&cd=phl
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
34. Presentation Overview
HIV Prevention in the Biomedical Era
1. What has changed in federal prevention funding?
• HIV funding has increased for care and remained steady for
prevention. However, as the epidemic expands, the limited
resources available are being distributed to more locations.
2. What is biomedical HIV prevention?
• PrEP
• Treatment as Prevention
• Male Circumcision
• Testing in Clinical Settings
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
35. Presentation Overview
HIV Prevention in the Biomedical Era, Continued
3. Why a shift to biomedical prevention?
• Many cost effectiveness analysis indicate that prevention in a
clinical setting is less expensive than prevention at CBO/ASOs
4. Three major policies impacting biomedical prevention.
• Routine HIV Testing
• Affordable Care Act
• Continuum of Care
Regional Resource Network Program U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Hinweis der Redaktion
a high-prevalence setting is a geographic location or community with an HIV seroprevalence of at least 1%. These settings include sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, correctional facilities, homeless shelters, tuberculosis clinics, clinics serving men who have sex with men, and adolescent health clinics with a high prevalence of STDs
Starting in 2014, states will have the option, which is fully Federally funded for the first three years, to generally include individuals with income below 133% of the Federal poverty line ($14,400 for an individual and $29,300 for a family of 4), including single adults without children who were previously not generally eligible for Medicaid. As a result, in many states, a person living with HIV who meets this income threshold will no longer have to wait for an AIDS diagnosis in order to become eligible for Medicaid.
giving Medicare enrollees living with HIV and AIDS the peace of mind that they will be better able to afford their medications. Beneficiaries receive a 50% discount on covered brand-name drugs while they are in the “donut hole,” a considerable savings for people taking costly HIV/AIDS drugs. And in the years to come, they can expect additional savings on their prescription drugs while they are in the coverage gap until it is closed in 2020.
This is a huge relief for ADAP clients who are Medicare Part D enrollees, since they will now be able to move through the donut hole more quickly, which was difficult, if not impossible, for ADAP clients to do before this change.
Starting in 2014, states will have the option, which is fully Federally funded for the first three years, to generally include individuals with income below 133% of the Federal poverty line ($14,400 for an individual and $29,300 for a family of 4), including single adults without children who were previously not generally eligible for Medicaid. As a result, in many states, a person living with HIV who meets this income threshold will no longer have to wait for an AIDS diagnosis in order to become eligible for Medicaid.
giving Medicare enrollees living with HIV and AIDS the peace of mind that they will be better able to afford their medications. Beneficiaries receive a 50% discount on covered brand-name drugs while they are in the “donut hole,” a considerable savings for people taking costly HIV/AIDS drugs. And in the years to come, they can expect additional savings on their prescription drugs while they are in the coverage gap until it is closed in 2020.
This is a huge relief for ADAP clients who are Medicare Part D enrollees, since they will now be able to move through the donut hole more quickly, which was difficult, if not impossible, for ADAP clients to do before this change.
Starting in 2014, states will have the option, which is fully Federally funded for the first three years, to generally include individuals with income below 133% of the Federal poverty line ($14,400 for an individual and $29,300 for a family of 4), including single adults without children who were previously not generally eligible for Medicaid. As a result, in many states, a person living with HIV who meets this income threshold will no longer have to wait for an AIDS diagnosis in order to become eligible for Medicaid.
giving Medicare enrollees living with HIV and AIDS the peace of mind that they will be better able to afford their medications. Beneficiaries receive a 50% discount on covered brand-name drugs while they are in the “donut hole,” a considerable savings for people taking costly HIV/AIDS drugs. And in the years to come, they can expect additional savings on their prescription drugs while they are in the coverage gap until it is closed in 2020.
This is a huge relief for ADAP clients who are Medicare Part D enrollees, since they will now be able to move through the donut hole more quickly, which was difficult, if not impossible, for ADAP clients to do before this change.
Starting in 2014, states will have the option, which is fully Federally funded for the first three years, to generally include individuals with income below 133% of the Federal poverty line ($14,400 for an individual and $29,300 for a family of 4), including single adults without children who were previously not generally eligible for Medicaid. As a result, in many states, a person living with HIV who meets this income threshold will no longer have to wait for an AIDS diagnosis in order to become eligible for Medicaid.
giving Medicare enrollees living with HIV and AIDS the peace of mind that they will be better able to afford their medications. Beneficiaries receive a 50% discount on covered brand-name drugs while they are in the “donut hole,” a considerable savings for people taking costly HIV/AIDS drugs. And in the years to come, they can expect additional savings on their prescription drugs while they are in the coverage gap until it is closed in 2020.
This is a huge relief for ADAP clients who are Medicare Part D enrollees, since they will now be able to move through the donut hole more quickly, which was difficult, if not impossible, for ADAP clients to do before this change.
Starting in 2014, states will have the option, which is fully Federally funded for the first three years, to generally include individuals with income below 133% of the Federal poverty line ($14,400 for an individual and $29,300 for a family of 4), including single adults without children who were previously not generally eligible for Medicaid. As a result, in many states, a person living with HIV who meets this income threshold will no longer have to wait for an AIDS diagnosis in order to become eligible for Medicaid.
giving Medicare enrollees living with HIV and AIDS the peace of mind that they will be better able to afford their medications. Beneficiaries receive a 50% discount on covered brand-name drugs while they are in the “donut hole,” a considerable savings for people taking costly HIV/AIDS drugs. And in the years to come, they can expect additional savings on their prescription drugs while they are in the coverage gap until it is closed in 2020.
This is a huge relief for ADAP clients who are Medicare Part D enrollees, since they will now be able to move through the donut hole more quickly, which was difficult, if not impossible, for ADAP clients to do before this change.