2. ï Air pollution is the introduction into the
atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or
biological matters that cause discomfort,
disease, or death to humans, damage other
living organisms such as food crops, or
damage the natural environment or built
environment.
6. ï Dust laden air enters through the
hopper by suction or positive
pressure
ï The heavier dust particles fall
immediately into the hopper,
while the lighter ones deposit on
the outer surface of filter bags
ï Dust deposited on bag surface is
dislodged & bag is cleaned by
pulse of high pressure
compressed air.
7. Penthouse
with hoist
Dust particles Insulation to
are avoid
retained on the undershooting
surface of the of dew point
filter (hot gas
medium and version
the
cleaned air Top-Down flow
passes in filter housing
through the
filter Dust collection
medium and hopper or tray
flows with material
into the clean discharge
gas screw or
chamber or scraper chain
duct. conveyor
8. Bagfilters : Classification based on how the
fabric is cleaned
1. Shaking 2. Compressed Air 3. Reverse Air
Reverse Air
10. Bag Filter - Basics
ïź In an industrial system of gas cleaning, the fabric is media made into
either an envelope or a tube. These envelopes or tubes are called
the bags and a housing of these is called Bag Filter or Bag House.
11. FACTORS GOVERNING SELECTION
OF TYPE OF APC EQUIPMENT - 1
âą Inlet dust load in gm/
Nm3
âą Gas volume in Nm3/
hr
âą Gas temperature
âą Nature of pollutant : Gaseous /Particulate
âą Properties of dust : Physical (density /size
fraction /
temperature /âwettabilityâ)
âą Properties of gas : Physical /Chemical (nature:
acidic /
alkaline, moisture content critical)
12. FACTORS GOVERNING SELECTION
OF TYPE OF APC EQUIPMENT - 2
âą Nuisance value /Recovery value of both dust
and gas
âą Outlet emission requirements /Efficiency
required
âą Space availability
âą Economics /Budget /Fund availability
/Return on Investment
13. Air-to Cloth Ratio =
Total volume of gas (or air) handled by the Bag filter [m3/min] /
Total filtration area provided in the Bag Filter [m2]
= [ m3/min-m2 = m/min, => velocity unit; hence also called filtration
velocity, and is actually the velocity at which the dust laden gases travel
across the filter element ]
The more critical the dust { fine, light, sticky, non-agglomerating, abrasive, etc}
or higher the dust loading, the larger is the filtration area provided, i.e. lower is
the air-to-cloth ratio maintained.
14. Can Velocity =
Velocity at which the gas travels upwards across the cross
section of the Bag filter =
Total volume of gas (or air) handled by the Bag filter [m3/min] /
Cross sectional area of Bag Filter casing [m2]
This is an important aspect and has to be restricted especially for fine, light,
and non-agglomerating dust (lime, carbon black are typical examples) as
otherwise the dust may remain in a fluidised state in the bag filter and not get
discharged from the unit at all.
17. Online type :-
Cleaning is done on line ( chamber in operation)
Off Line type :-
Cleaning is done in the off line mode. i.e cleaning
of the chamber after isolating the flue gas
entry .
ï This avoids re entrainment of dislodged dust
ï Used in case of fine dust
19. Bag Filter â Type-Offline
How it works â Normal Gas Flow
20. Bag Filter â Type-Offline
How it works â Reverse Gas Flow
21. Bag Filter â Type-Offline
ïź In offline Pulse Jet Bag Filter which is a
compartmentalized Bag Filter, one
compartment is sequentially taken out
for cleaning purpose. Rest all the
compartments are under filtration
process. Typically offline cleaning is
employed for finer dust particle sizes
which does not settle easily.
ïź In Modular construction Pulse Jet Bag
Filter which is Online in cleaning
operation, one compartment can be
taken out doe maintenance purpose if
required.
âą The cleaning in this type of filter is online i.e. filtration and cleaning simultaneously occurs
in a compartment. These type of filters are usually designed for Process application which
handle large gas volumes.
âą In both the above types of Bag Filters outlet type poppet dampers pneumatically operated
are required for isolation of compartments.
PJBF-Offline
22. ïź Constant emission air pollution control (APC) equipment.
ïź Suspended particulate emission control using positive filtration.
ïź Possible to achieve lower outlet emission.
ïź Suitable upto gas temp. of 260 deg C.
ïź Can handle various types dust viz. explosive/non-explosive, abrasive,
hygroscopic, sticky, coarse/fine.
ïź Low initial set-up cost.
35. 6 Ways Dust Gets to Clean Air Plenum
ï¶ Hole in Bag
ï¶ Snapband/Flange Top
ï¶ Welding Cracks
ï¶ Clean too soon (Over Cleaning)
ï¶ Not Cleaning (Under Cleaning)
ï¶ Air Leaks at Door Seal
37. Pulse Jetâ Blowpipe Misalignment Problem
of Cage
of Blowpipe
Less than 1/4 inch
(6.35 mm)
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44. PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTION
CAUSE
High DP Bad Gauge Check gauge by blowing into it. If
needle does not move replace
gauge
Leaking gauge Repair leaking gauge pipe
pipe
Choked gauge Clean / replace gauge pipe
pipe
Low header Minimum required pressure is
pressure 6.3kg/cm2g (90psi). Check
supply pipe, drain valve for
leaks. Check Diaphragm &
solenoid operation
45. PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTION
CAUSE
High DP Static Charge Static Electricity will interfere with the
on Filter cleaning operation. Ground the filter
Water in Air Remove water & clean the system.
Line Check regularly the manual/Auto drain
valve of Air Filter. Replace the
defective one.
Bag Blinding High moisture & condensation will
or chocking cause dust cakes, which are difficult to
remove & it blinds/chokes bags.
1)Preheat Bag Filter on start-up & use
space heater ON for long shutdown.
2)Wash bags & use after drying.
3) Membrane bags â Permanent soln.
46. PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTION
CAUSE
High DP Wet Humid compressed Air allows dust
Compressed cake to stick to the bags. Ensure,
Air clean & dry compressed air
Too high Check for airflow figure. If it is very
System Air high the A/C Ratio will also be very
Flow high causing high DP as well as Re-
entrainment
Dust Particles Ask customer for actual particle size
â Too fine analysis & compare with figures given
in the order â Excessive fines will
simply choke the pores on bag surface
Pulse pipe The pulse pipe nozzle should be
mis alignment concentric with the bag centre
47. PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTION
CAUSE
High DP Bag-Cage For normal felt bags the bag âcage
Pinch â not pinch should be within 6mm ~ 12mm.
Okay Replace âToo tightâ bags, as well as
âToo looseâ bags
Long Pulse Adjust OFF Time by observing Bag
Frequency Filter DP and set. Reduce OFF Time
by 5seconds interval and watch till DP
stabilize
Pulse ON Pulse ON time should Typically in the
Time range of 80~100ms. Some Fine dust
application, it may require higher ON
time, but that should be verified first
48. PROBLE POSSIBLE SOLUTION
M
CAUSE
High DP Sequential Any malfunction can cause irregular
Controller pulsing, causing raise in DP across
Problem BF. Repair/replace card(s)
RAV Leakage
High Dust If actual value is higher than design,
Load check everything and then increase
pulse frequency till 10sec interval time.
Else, advice customer to go for pre-
filter
Failure of
solenoid valve
diaphragm
49. PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTION
CAUSE
Low DP Bad Gauge Check gauge by blowing into it. If
needle does not move replace gauge
Leaking / Repair leaking gauge pipe
choked
gauge pipe
Holes in Bags Replace worn bags
Low System Check duct systems for deposits &
air volume closed dampers â It causes work area
problem for dedusting system
Wrong Bag Look for dust on clean air plenum &
installation blank /dummy the defective bags
50. PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTION
CAUSE
Emission Holes in Replace damaged bags
bags, cut in
snapbands
Precoating / Carryout proper precoat/ seeding. If
seeding not not possible, wait for sometime till the
done for new process stabilizes after start-up
bags
Wrongly Check all dummies and ensure tight fit,
installed else replace them
dummies
Chemical Check whether bags are being torn
attack just by hand pressure. If so, chemical
attack is confirmed
51. PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTION
CAUSE
Poor Bag Overcleaning Increase pulse frequency or OFF time
Life duration
Abrasion Poor inlet design causing high inlet
velocity and elbows at inlet can cause
accelerated abrasion of bags â
Bent / Replace bent / corroded cages
corroded
Cages
High Air High A/C ratio shortens bag life.
Volumes
52. PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTION
CAUSE
Poor Bag Moisture in Moisture in compressed air might cause
Life Comp air acid mist in some application and
weaken bags. Moisture also shrink some
fabric materials. Take corrective action to
control moisture
Thermal Some Fabrics like PPS (Ryton) is having
Shrinkage thermal shrinkage. Over exposure of
high temperature might cause such
shrinkage. Setting of temperature alarm
is important
53. PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOLUTION
CAUSE
Hopper Cleaning Check pulsing system as a whole and
Plugging malfunction take corrective action
Dust disposal Inform customer about mal functioning
system â about RAV/Screw Conveyors/ chain
malfunction conveyors
Wrong design Establish thruâ data collection
of Dust
disposal
system
Hinweis der Redaktion
PM-10 refers to those particles of less than 10 microns diameter. They are of particular concern because the human respiratory system cannot filter them out.
Type of filtration: Gases & vapours Filtration of particulate matter.
DEW POINT IS THE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE FLUE GAS TEMPERATUE BELOW WHICH THE MOISTURE SETTLES ON THE BAGS AND PARTICLE ADHESION TAKES PLACE.
Can Velocity: The theoretical speed of dust laden air as it passes upward between the filter bags. The formula for calculating can velocity is as follows: The square area of the baghouse (length x width) minus the area occupied by the bottom of the bags (the sum of the areas of the number of bags) divided into the volume of air in ACFM. This formula yields a velocity in fpm. The bottom of a Staclean 6â diameter bag is 5 -7/8â. Baghouse Can Velocity Can Velocity = ACFM / tubesheet area in sq ft - (# of bags x (area of the bottom of the bag in sq ft)) Can Velocity = 12292 ACFM / 9.65' x 9.65'-(144 bags x (2.9375 x 2.9375 x 3.1416 / 144)) = 12292 ACFM / 93.1225 sq ft - (144 bags x(0.188254 sq ft)) = 12292 ACFM / 93.1225sq ft - (27.109) = 12292 ACFM / 66.01399 sq ft = 186.2 fpm can velocity
Industries from asphalt and cement plants to steel smelting and non-ferrous metal production use filter media made of NomexŸ thermal resistant fibers to help comply with stringent emission control requirements. RytonŸ PPS (Polyphenylene Sulfide) PPS is a highly crystalline high temperature thermoplastic with an excellent balance of cost, temperature resistance, strength, chemical resistance and flame retardance. PPS is often used when long-term high-temperature performance and dimensional stability are a must, even in the presence of aggressive chemicals. In most applications, PPS is supplied as a filled compound with glass fiber, carbon fiber or mineral reinforcements. ⹠Excellent high temperature resistance - Some PPS compounds can operate continuously to 450 °F ⹠Flammability (UL 94) V-O/5VA - Very low smoke emission ⹠Excellent chemical, radiation and hydrolysis resistance ⹠Very resistant to creep, deformation under load and compression set ⹠Excellent tribological properties at elevated temperatures ⹠Very good electrical properties in certain formulations
We generally use bags of size NB 40 Now a days NB 80 bags with 8m length are also used.
There are several contributions to the total pressure drop across a baghouse(also called the tubesheet pressure drop) : pressure drop from the flow through the inlet and outlet ducts from flow through the hopper physical properties of the dust and fabric the manner in which the baghouse is designed and operated. Pulse-jet baghouses generally use felt fabrics and run with a high gasto-cloth ratio. The fabric merely serves as a support for the formation of a dust cake. which is the actual filtering medium.