The following presentation discusses high-performance buildings today and in the future. Current and future codes are discussed as well as implications to the LEED rating system. The last part of the presentation focuses on the inefficiencies in the design-bid-build process and discusses how high-performance buildings will be the result of integrative design.

1. How to work with your MEP
Integrative Design

2. Populous is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of
Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on
completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are
available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed
or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any
material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,
distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related
to specific materials, methods and services will be addressed at the
conclusion of this presentation.

3. Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International
copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display
and use of the presentation without written
permission of the speaker is prohibited.
Building Momentum Group, LLC 2010

4. Learning Objectives
Sustainable Design Intent & Innovation
 Integrated Project Delivery
 Building Form
 Energy Modeling
 Rightsizing Equipment

5. Presentation Goals
• Define High-Performance Buildings
• Bridge the Technical Gap Between Architect and Engineer
• Demonstrate the Value of Collaboration in"
High-Performance Building Design

6. What is a High-Performance Building?
• Perform better than code minimum
• Address ALL building characteristics
• Site
• Water
• Energy
• Materials
• Indoor Environment
• Occupant Productivity
• Operation
• Limit Detrimental Impact

7. USGBC LEED Rating System

8. A More Efficient Code Minimum
Energy Code
Basis
Efficiency Gain
IECC 2006
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004
40% over 1999
IECC 2009
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007
30% over 2004*
IECC 2012
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
30% over 2007**
*Source: NREL
**IECC likely to adopt when released
• All State Energy Codes Must Be Equivalent To ASHRAE
Standard 90.1-2004 By December 30, 2010 (Source: U.S. DOE)
• 90.1 Efficiency Increasing With Every Three Years

9. Graphic adapted from www.energycodes.gov
Status of State Energy Codes

10. Compliance Paths
Prescriptive
Comply With Mandatory
Envelope Requirements
IECC
90.1
Comply With Mandatory
Mechanical Requirements
IECC
90.1
Comply With Mandatory
Lighting Requirements
IECC
90.1
Document Compliance
Plan Review
Field Inspection
Performance
IECC
90.1
Document Compliance
Plan Review
Field Inspection
1. Energy Cost Budget
2. Appendix G
Energy Model

11. Prescriptive Compliance
Excerpt from ASHRAE 90.1-2007
c.i. = Continuous Insulation
U= 1 / R

12. Walls Defined
metal building wall: a wall whose structure consists of
metal spanning members supported by steel structural
members (i.e., does not include spandrel glass or metal
panels in curtain wall systems).
mass wall: a wall with an HC exceeding (1) 7 Btu/ft2·°F
or (2) 5 Btu/ft2·°F, provided that the wall has a material
unit weight not greater than 120 lb/ft3.
steel-framed wall: a wall with a cavity (insulated
or otherwise) whose exterior surfaces are separated by
steel framing members (i.e., typical steel stud walls and
curtain wall systems).
wood-framed and other walls: all other wall
types, including wood stud walls.

13. Typical Steel-Frame Wall

14. Prescriptive Compliance
Excerpt from ASHRAE 90.1-2007
“Assembly”

15. Fenestration Assemblies
• Assembly is a weighted factor between
• Center of Glass
• Edge of Glass
• Frame
• Typical glass manufacturers list “center of glass” only
• With Curtain Wall manufacturers
• Request calculated assembly U-Values
• Request calculated assembly SHGC
• Request calculated/test infiltration rate
• Engineer requires “assembly u-value” for load & energy models
• Engineer can calculate these values

16. Increasing Efficiency
90.1-2004
90.1-2007
% Change
Roofs
(Ins. Above Deck)
U: 0.063
R-15ci
U: 0.048
R-20ci
~24%
Walls Above Grade
(Steel-Framed)
U: 0.124
R-13
U: 0.062
R-13+R-7.5ci
~50%
Vertical Glazing
(Percent Glass)
Max. 50% of Wall
Max. 40% of Wall
~20%
40% Vertical Glazing
(Assembly Max. U)
Ufixed: 0.57
Uoper: 0.67
Unonmetal frame: 0.40
Umetal frame: 0.50 (curtainwall)
Umetal frame: 0.85 (entrance door)
Umetal frame: 0.55 (other)
~12 to 30%
40% Vertical Glazing
(Assembly Max. SHGC)
SHGCall: 0.39
SHGCnorth: 0.49
SHGCall: 0.40
varies
Zone 4A Envelope Changes

17. Compliance Paths
Prescriptive
Comply With Mandatory
Envelope Requirements
IECC
90.1
Comply With Mandatory
Mechanical Requirements
IECC
90.1
Comply With Mandatory
Lighting Requirements
IECC
90.1
Document Compliance
Plan Review
Field Inspection
Performance
IECC
90.1
Document Compliance
Plan Review
Field Inspection
1. Energy Cost Budget
2. Appendix G
Energy Model
Appendix G
For
LEED Projects

18. Percent Glazing Example
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
(10^6BTU/year)
Heat Rejection
Pumps
Cooling
Heating - Gas
Heating Electric
Fans
Lights
Receptacles
Base Utilities
Baseline: 40% Glass (U=0.57, SC=0.45)
% above baseline
Run 1: 50% Glass (U=0.57, SC=0.45)
4.9%
Run 2: 60% Glass (U=0.57, SC=0.45)
10.1%
Run 3: 70% Glass (U=0.57, SC=0.45)
15.4%
Run 4: 50% Glass (U=0.4, SC=0.46)
0.5%
Run 5: 60% Glass (U=0.4, SC=0.46)
3.1%
Run 6: 70% Glass (U=0.4, SC=0.46)
6.9%

19. Typical Office Building Energy Consumption
Lighting
22%
Other
7%
Ventilation
7%
Space Heating
6%
Water Heating
1%
Refrigeration
1%
Cooking
1%
Cooling
29%
Office Equipment
26%

20. LEED EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance
LEED System
Basis
% Better
Than 90.1
Version 2.2
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004
14%
Version 3
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007
10%
• Proposed Building Energy Cost ($) Must Be Less Than Baseline Model
• ~16% Increase In Performance Between Version 2.2 & Version 3

21. • Advanced Energy Design Guides
• Prescriptive Guide Written For Small Buildings
• Free Download
• ASHRAE Standard 189.1
• Created By USGBC & ASHRAE
• Formatted Similar To LEED But Written For Code
• International Green Construction Code
• High-Performance Model Building Code (release date 2012)
High-Performance Building Code

22. Back To The Future
• Standard 90.1: Baseline Code
• AEDG: Prescriptive High-Performance for Small Buildings
• Standard 189.1: High-Performance for Commercial Buildings
Graphic adapted from ASHRAE Vision 2020

23. Conventional Project Delivery Is Delivering Waste
• Project Team Members Working In Silos
• High-Performance Synergies Lost In-between Trades
• High-Performance Lost By “De-Value Engineering”
Architect
Mechanical Engineer
Electrical Engineer
Plumbing Engineer

24. MEP’s Role In The Conventional Design Process
Conceptual
Design
Schematic
Design
Design
Development
Construction
Documents
Bidding
Construction
MEP is typically
engaged during SD
phase
Most of the MEP
work is done
during CD’s
Ongoing Operations
& Maintenance
LEED Energy
Model

25. Conceptual
Design
Schematic
Design
Design
Development
Construction
Documents
Bidding
Construction
The Integrative Design Process
Conceptual
Modeling
Parametric
Modeling
• Engages the Design Team In Conceptual Phase
• Engage MEP in Conceptual & Schematic Design
Ongoing Operations
& Maintenance

26. Energy Modeling Process
Conceptual Modeling
• Programming/Discovery Phase
Parametric Modeling
• SD Phase
Load Modeling
• DD Phase
Compliance Modeling
• Late in DD or early CD Phase
Predictive/Incentive Modeling
• CD Phase
Measurement & Verification
• Post Construction

27. What is Conceptual Modeling?
Optimize Orientation for Daylighting, Wind,
Thermal Massing etc.
Determine Optimal Site Specific
Synergies Between Building Systems
Big Picture Comparisons Between Different
Building Forms & Orientations

28. What is Parametric Modeling?
Conduct a Life Cycle Value Assessment & Reduce, Reduce, Reduce!
Compare Building Systems Options
HVAC
Lighting
Controls Strategies
Compare Envelope Options
Massing
Insulation
Fenestration
Identify the Most Promising Energy-Reduction Strategies.

29. Communicate & Collaborate
• Charrettes Facilitate Collaboration
• Share information early in the design process
• Collaboration Eliminates Assumptions

30. Don’t Assume High-Performance
• MEP’s Will Make Conservative “Rule-of-Thumb”
Assumptions Unless Provided With Actual Performance
Information
• MEP’s Will Apply Safety Factors to Those Assumptions
• Conservative Assumptions and Safety Factors Lead to
Under-Performing and Over-Priced Buildings

31. Tools for High-Performance Design
• Building Information Modeling (BIM)
• Good For Coordination
• Increases Information Flow
• Does Not Reduce Design Time
• Requires Integrated Project Delivery To Be Of Real Value
• Energy Modeling
• Most Valuable When Performed Early
• Tool for Making Important Design Decisions
• Commissioning
• Necessary from Concept to Completion

32. Integrated Teams Lead To High-Performance Design

33. Learning Objectives
Sustainable Design Intent & Innovation
 Integrated Project Delivery: The Future of Construction
 Building Form: Conceptual Modeling Crucial
 Energy Modeling: A Team Activity
 Rightsizing Equipment: Crucial for High-Performance

34. Resources
ASHRAE www.ashrae.org
Building EQ www.buildingeq.com
Building Momentum Group www.bmgsc.com
Energy Codes www.energycodes.gov
Engineering for Sustainability www.engineeringforsustainability.org
ENERGY STAR www.energystar.gov
International Green Construction Cod www.iccsafe.org/cs/IGCC/
Net-Zero Commercial Initiative www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial_initiative/design.html
U.S. Department of Energy www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
USGBC www.usgbc.org

35. Questions?
This concludes the American Institute of
Architects Continuing Education Systems
Program
Chicago . 866.790.2744 . bmgsc.com