This is my own Seminar report.. Plz do comment nd suggest..:) thnxx..

1. Quantum
Teleportation
Guided by: Biswajit Pratihari
Dr. Abhimanyu Mohapatra Electrical Engg.,7th Semester
Dr. Ranjan Kumar Jena 0901106264

2. Outline of the Talk
 Introduction
 Need for Teleportation
 The Beginning..
 Failures and further Advancements
 How feasible is Teleportation .??
 Remarkable Achievements
 Application in Real World
 Advantages of QT
 References

3. What Teleportation is..??
Quantum teleportation, or entanglement-assisted
teleportation, is a process by which a qubit (the basic
unit of quantum information) can be transmitted exactly
from one location to another, without the qubit being
transmitted through the intervening space. It includes
making an object disintegrate in one place while a
perfect replica appears somewhere else.

4. Need for Teleportation
Various forms of transportation require us to cross a physical
distance, which can take anywhere from minutes to many hours.
Telecommunication
+
Transportation
=
Teleportation

5. How does all these start.??
In 1993, the idea of teleportation moved out of the realm of
science fiction and into the world of theoretical possibility. The idea
was first expounded by Charles Bennett and his co-workers from
IBM. They confirmed that quantum teleportation was possible, but only
if the original object being teleported was destroyed.
The procedure for teleportation in science fiction varies from
story to story but generally goes as follows:
 A device scans the original object to extract all the information
needed to describe it.
 A transmitter sends the information to the receiving station to
obtain an exact replica of the original.

6.  It violated the Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, according to
which one can’t perform a perfect scan of the object to be teleported.
Because the more accurately an object is scanned, the more it is
disturbed by the scanning process, until one reaches a point where the
object’s original state has been completely disturbed, still without having
extracted enough information to make a perfect exact replica.
 The location or velocity of every atom and electron would be subjected
to errors.
 The law makes it impossible to measure the exact quantum state of
any object with certainty.
Therefore, it would seem that a perfect copy cannot be made.

7. But if you can’t know the position of particle, then how can you
teleport it?
Or
If one can’t extract enough information from an object to make a
perfect replica, it would seen that a perfect copy can’t be made.
In 1998, physicists at the California Institute of Technology
(CalTech), along with two European groups, turned the IBM ideas
into reality by successfully teleporting a photon, a particle of
energy that carries light, using a phenomenon known as
ENTANGLEMENT or EINSTEIN-PODOLSKY-ROSEN (EPR)
EFFECT.

8. Entanglement Or EPR Effect
The existence of an “entangled state” was suggested in an experiment by
the 3 scientists in 1935.
It states that when two particles come into contact with one another,
they can become “entangled".
In an entangled state, both particles remain part of the same quantum
system so that whatever you do to one of them affects the other one in a
predictable way. Thus, it shows how, in principle, entangled particles might
serve as "transporters" of sort.

9. ENTANGLED PHOTON PAIRS are created when a laser beam passes through a
crystal such as beta barium borate. It converts a single photon into two photons
of lower energy, one polarized vertically (on red cone), one polarized horizontally
(on blue cone). If the photons happen to travel along the cone intersections
(green), neither photon has a definite polarization, but their relative polarizations
are complementary i.e. they are then entangled.

10. The process behind Entanglement
In entanglement, at least 3 photons are needed to achieve quantum
teleportation
Photon A: The photon to be teleported
Photon B: The transporting photon
Photon C: The photon that is entangled with photon B
If researchers tried to look too closely at photon A without
entanglement, they would bump it, and thereby change it. By entangling photon
B and C, researchers can extract some information about photon A, and the
remaining information would be passed on to B by way of entanglement, and
then on to photon C. When researchers apply the information from photon A to
photon C, they can create an exact replica of photon A. However, photon A no
longer exists as it did before the information was sent to photon C.

12. How hard is it to teleport an atom?
 Photons have very few pairs of parameters: color, duration,
amplitude, phase, polarization, beam size. That’s about it.
 While atoms have a lot more (about 100 different pairs).
 Recent discoveries have led to the teleportation of photons.
 So, with further development in
technology, it wouldn’t be tough enough
to teleport the atom in near future.

13. How hard is it to teleport a living being?
 To date there are a few science experiments that has
created life. The smallest living organism are viroid. Some are
as small as 10,000 atoms.
 We have teleported only one pair of
information.
 Teleporting a viroid is 100*10,000
times (106 times)harder=roughly a million
times harder.

14. How hard is it to teleport a human?
 There is about 1027 atoms in a person.
 With 100 parameter pairs per atom, that’s about 1029 pair of
information. So far we have done only 1 pair, so a human is
about 1029 times harder.
 For a person to be transported, a
machine would have to be built that can
pinpoint and analyse all of the 1027
atoms that make up the human body.

15.  In 2002, some researchers at the Australian National
University successfully teleported a laser beam.
 In 2004, researchers from the University of Vienna and
the Austrian Academy of Science teleported particles of light
over a distance of 600m using Optical Fibre.
 In Oct 4,2006, at the Neil Bohr’s Institute, Denmark, Dr.
Polzik and his team teleported information stored in a laser
beam into a cloud of atom across 1.6 feet. It involves
teleportation between light and matter, two different objects.

16. And they continued..
 In May 2010, a team of 15 Chinese researchers from Tsinghua
University in Beijing and the Hefei National Laboratory achieved
secure quantum-key distribution over 16 kilometres of free-space.
 In April 2011, physicist at University of Tokyo, teleported a
complex set of quantum information from one point to another.
 In May 2012, an international research team including several
scientists from the University of Waterloo has achieved quantum
teleportation over a record-breaking distance of 143 kilometres
through free-space between the two Canary Islands of La Palma
and Tenerife off the Atlantic coast of North Africa.

17. Quantum Cryptography
Quantum cryptography allows the transmission of information with
100% security ensured by the law of physics.
Potential application for commerce and military purpose.
Quantum Computation
Moore’s law predicts that computer double its speed, memory
performance, etc. every 18 months. But the size and weight of computers
remain the same.
This means more and more is expected from fewer and fewer atoms.
Eventually, classical physics will no longer valid. A new way of computing
will be required.

18. Present Tech- TELEPRESENCE
Telepresence system is unique and has been designed to enable
a life-size image of a person to appear within a 3D environment.
You can :-
 Make eye contact with individuals
 Use props
 Hold true two-way conversations - communicating naturally
with anyone or any group of people anywhere in the world.
× The only thing you can't do is shake hand.

19.  Tata Communication began public-room service in India in July
2008 and currently has 30 public Telepresence rooms live
globally. These rooms can be reserved by anyone for a pay-per
use hourly rate, typically in the $500/hour range. They are
accessible 24*7 and are proven as a cost-effective method for
enabling higher quality collaboration across geographies.
 Major manufactures, commercial companies and defence
establishments of Telepresence equipment are; Cisco, Polycom,
Tandberg, HP Halo (Hewlett-Packard), IBM and Lifesize.
 Telepresence systems are recently employed educational
institutes like in Oxford University and National Institute of
Science & Technology (USA).

20.  Transmission at higher rates.
 Secure data transmission.
 Can detect eavesdropping.
 Transportation becomes much easier.
 Reduced cost of transportation.
Advantages
 Accidents will be completely absent.
 Faster transportation.

21. References
 http://www.research.ibm.com
 http://www.electronicsnews.com.au
 http://en.wikipedia.org
 http://www.youtube.com
 http://www.wired.com
 Entanglement and Quantum Teleportation by Stephen Bartlett