This slide is only for the general information about the sexed semen needs and advantage.

1. PROSPECT OF SEXED SEMEN IN
PRODUCTION OF DAIRY CATTLE IN
NEPAL
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Presented by:
B.G.C.

2. Introduction
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 Sexed semen is semen that has sorted by its x
and y chromosome and allows a producer to
limit offspring to a single sex as opposed to the
near 50/50 natural selection.(Journal of
extension/august 2012)

3. Contd…
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 Dr. Glenn Spaulding was the first to sort viable
whole human and animal spermatozoa using a
flow cytometer in early 1980’s.
 Sexed semen has about 90% percent
accuracy of desire sex (Siedal & Graner, 2002)
 It has opportunity to create a more valuable
calf crop( Siedal, 2003)

4. Contd…
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 Large difference of DNA of X-chromosome and
Y-chromosome make easier to produce a
highly pure population
 More number of bases in X-chromosome DNA
than that of Y-chromosome DNA
 In sheep and cattle, purities for each sex has
remain usually above 90%
 First calve born from sexed semen in 1999

5. Nepalese scenario of dairy cattle
production
 Majority of dairy cattle production- Subsidary
type
 But slowly heading toward commercialisation.
 Livestock production directorate, annual report 2069/70
 Cattle production is limited to produce milk
and milk products.
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6. Problems of dairy cattle
production
 More demand of female calves
-different in their values
- for herd expansion
- to accelerate genetic
progress
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7. Contd…
 Decreasing needs of bull
Replace by
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8. Contd…
 The law of government of Nepal does not
allow to consume beef and export beef.
- 12 years of prison for killing cattle
- export of cattle is strictly prohibited. If found
any faults regarding this , the selling price
along with 100 rupees per animal is charged
as a fine.
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9. Contd…
 Inhumane killing of male calves
- owners do not provide feed and water and let
them die.
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10. Contd….
 Release of unwanted male calves by farmer.
 Road accidents
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11. Why sexed semen in dairy cattle
production11
More number of
heifer production
Accelerate
genetic progress
Herd
expansion
Better
manageme
nt of herd
growth
Aggressive
culling
minimize the
risk of bio-
security
Calving
ease
advantage
sexed semen

12. contd…
 More number of heifer production
 To increase profit
 Accelerate genetic progress
 Selection intensity can be increased by choosing
genetically superior females for artificial
insemination from superior bull’s semen.
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13. Contd…
 Better management of herd growth
 Herd growth can be controlled at a steady rate
which eases management challenges associated
with dramatic leap in herd size.
 Aggressive culling
 Because of producer can be assured of having
replacement from within the herd can cull the
animal having chronic health challenged cow.
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14.  Herd expansion
 More number of heifer in predictable time.
 Minimize the risk of bio-security
 Increase in the number of heifer population,
decreases the purchase of replacement heifer, so
the chances of risk of bio-security is minimised by
the use of sexed semen.
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15.  Calving ease advantage
 Less number of dystocia cases relating to the
birth of female calves than that of male calves.
 Animal relief from pain- It also favour the animal
welfare issue.
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16. Conclusion
 From all the facts presented above, we can
conclude that sexed semen is very much
relevant technique in Nepal to solve several
problems regarding management of male
calves, genetic progress, herd expansion,
managing inhumane killing of male calves
with significant control in entry of animal
disease from other countries, which ultimately
increases the profitability of dairy cattle rearing
farmers.
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17. References
 Journal of extension/August 2012/volume 50(online)
 Siedal, G.E., Jr., & Garner, D.L.(2002). Current status of
sexing mammalian spermatozoa. Reproduction 124:733-743
 Siedal, G.E., Jr.(2003). Economics of selecting for sex : The
most important genetic trait. Theriogenology 59:585-598
 Zimmerman, E.K., Holden, L.A.,Park, J .E., & Hyde, J.(2006)
Relationship of dairy producer management styles to overall
return on assets. Journal of Extension(online),44(6) Article
6RIB. Available at:
http://www.joe.org/joe/2006december/rb.php
 www.cogentuk.com/sexed-semen/
 www.admani.com/Dairy/Techincal
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