3. Leadership
The process of directing the behavior of
others toward the accomplishment of
some common objectives.
Aziz Ur Rahim
Iqra University Peshawar

4. › The process by which a person exerts
influence over others and inspires,
motivates and directs their activities to
achieve group or organizational goals.

6. Mission
 Vision
 Honesty
 Willingness to take risk
 Communication skills
 Responsibility
 Optimism and Enthusiastic
 Self confidence
 Emotional intelligence
 Social skills


8. This theory supports the statement “a
leader is born, not made”
 A leader has some charisma (meaning
god gift) which acts as influencer.
 Charismatic leaders are those who
inspire followers and have a major
impact on their organisations through
their vision and energy.


9. The weaknesses of charismatic theory
gave rise to trait approach.
 Researchers accepted the fact that
leadership traits are not completely
inborn but can also be acquired through
learning and experience.
 The various traits can be classified into
innate and acquirable traits.


10. The prime attention in situational theory
of leadership is given to the situation in
which leadership is exercised.
 Factors affecting leadership
effectiveness can be classified into two
categories Leader‟s behaviour
 Situational factors


12.  Leader makes decisions without
reference to anyone else
 High degree of dependency on
the leader
 Can create de-motivation and
alienation
of staff
 May be valuable in some types
of business where decisions
need to be made quickly and
decisively

13. 



Encourages decision making
from different perspectives–
leadership may be
emphasised throughout the
organisation.
Workers feel ownership of the
firm and its ideas
Improves the sharing of ideas
and experiences within the
business
Can delay decision making

14.  „Let





it be‟ – the leadership responsibilities are
shared by all
Can be very useful in businesses
where creative ideas are important
Can be highly motivational, as people have
control over their working life
Can make coordination and decision making
time-consuming and lacking in overall direction
Relies on good team work
Relies on good interpersonal relations