Energy Storage Clean Fuel Renewable Chemistry

1. 012
0
14
Company Brochure
016

2. Dr Simon Bourne, Chief Technology Officer, ITM Power inside the
Thüga Group’s Power-to-Gas plant in Frankfurt am Main, Germany
ITM Power Hydrogen Station HFuel with Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell vehicle
at Cowes Yacht Haven.
ITM Power plc
2014
“This has been a very productive period
for the company with solid progress
in technology, sales, partnerships and
project income. We built, CE marked,
commissioned and consented the world’s
largest PEM electrolyser and have proved
the company’s technology and project
management. We now have a major
reference plant with the Thüga group,
the largest utility grouping in the world.
This solid progress is the achievement of
our highly talented team.”
Dr Graham Cooley
CEO, ITM Power plc

3. Shaping a
renewable
hydrogen
future
In a world in which fossil fuel energy
is becoming ever more scarce and
expensive and countries are struggling to
meet their carbon reduction obligations,
hydrogen solutions have finally reached
the top of energy agendas.
ITM Power manufactures integrated
hydrogen energy solutions that are
rapid response and high pressure that
meet the requirements for grid
balancing and energy storage services,
and for the production of clean fuel
for transport, renewable heat and
chemicals. The international demand
for these solutions is increasing.
• Energy storage provision has started
to become a mandatory requirement
in areas of the world such as
California; it is recognised as
an essential prerequisite for
renewable energy deployment
• Grid balancing and rapid response
demand-side services are crucial for
the integration of high proportions
of renewable energy supply on the
electricity grid
• Auto OEMs are rolling out Fuel Cell
Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) that require
a high purity hydrogen fuel. Hyundai
has commenced production, with
Toyota to follow suit later in 2014
and then Honda and others from
2015. Hydrogen fuel cell cars are now
being sold. Global hydrogen refuelling
station infrastructure programmes
are underway
• Air quality regulations are stimulating
the need for hydrogen as a clean fuel
for clean transport emissions, in city
regions around the world
• Energy security and fuel security
has risen to the top of the geo-political
agenda
• Price volatility of fossil fuels is driving
an industrial substitution to more
sustainable chemical processes

4. Energy
Storage
POWER-TO-GAS
“In Germany there is widespread
acceptance that the massive expansion
of fluctuating renewable power demands
the establishment of large scale Power-to-
Gas energy storage to manage the
resulting mismatch between energy
supply and demand. According to
a recent Deutsche Bank report by
natural resources economist Josef Auer,
Germany’s Energiewende is Driving
Power-to-Gas. In our view it will also drive
the renewable generation of hydrogen for
the transport sector.
Phil Doran
Managing Director, ITM Power GmbH

5. POWER-TO-GAS
Funded by
A UK FEASIBILITY STUDY
power-to-gas
USING SURPLUS WIND
FOR ELECTROLYSIS TO
PRODUCE HYDROGEN
TO BALANCE THE GRID
Power-to-Gas energy storage is
the process of converting surplus
renewable electricity into hydrogen
by rapid response electrolysis and
its subsequent injection into the gas
distribution network.
The UK already owns this vast energy
storage infrastructure that can be
recharged without having to wait for
it to discharge first; critical for storing
excess renewable energy whenever
it is generated.
The existing infrastructure can be
utilised by linking existing power
and natural gas networks, using rapid
response electrolysers to convert
electrons to hydrogen. This allows
for the storage of significant amounts
of energy and the provision of CO2
neutral fuels in the form of the resulting
renewable energy gas mix of hydrogen
and methane.
e
Drawn from Dr Graham Cooley’s presentation at the RAE

6. Electrolysis has
a multi faceted
value-in-use when
applied to the P2G
approach
Through being a controllable load, electrolysis can perform
grid balancing and so reduce dependency on reserve power
plants. It can serve to reduce the curtailment of wind and
solar power sources (creating value out of electricity that
would otherwise be wasted by ‘valley filling’ electrical load
profiles). It can reduce capital expenditure on upgrading
electricity infrastructure by absorbing power locally that
cannot otherwise be transferred away. The hydrogen
produced can be sold to the gas system to displace natural
gas, so reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reliance
upon fuel imports. If the power is derived mainly from
renewable power sources, only low-carbon hydrogen
will be produced. Thereby the Power-to-Gas (P2G)
approach can facilitate a transition from natural gas to
a ‘green’ mixed gas by making use of both of the UK’s
existing energy grids.
Value to the
Power Grid
• Avoided wind curtailment
• Avoided infrastructure upgrades
• Allowing additional RE onto grid
• Reduced reserve power
• Reduce CO2 from GTs
• Absorbing reactive power
Power-to-Gas energy storage: elements of value
Value to the
Gas Grid
• Decarbonising gas in line
with legislation
• Providing renewable heat
• Reducing GHG emissions
from gas transportation
Value to the
UK Economy
• Reducing fuel imports
• Improved energy security
• Aiding meeting international
green obligations
• Creating jobs in manufacturing
P2G Elements of value
There are several key requirements for a P2G plant:
• It should be economic
Given that electricity is generally of much higher value than
gas, it is important to define electrolyser operating regimes
that access electricity of low cost. For absorbing otherwise
wasted excess renewable energy the electricity cost should
be negative or zero. For providing balancing services
operation, the grid operator should pay for the availability
and utilisation of the P2G load. For providing a greener gas,
gas consumers should pay via a feed-in tariff. The benefits
of P2G should be recognised through the Renewable Heat
Incentive, in a similar manner to how biomethane injection
is supported.
• It must produce low-carbon hydrogen
The carbon intensity of the electricity grid is presently
~500g CO2/kWh, while for natural gas it is ~200g CO2/
kWh. Thus hydrogen produced using grid electricity will
have a considerably greater carbon intensity than natural
gas. To produce green hydrogen the electricity source for
the plant must be ‘green’ or curtailed energy (which would
otherwise be wasted). However, this significantly restricts
plant utilisation. Therefore, a combination of ‘green’/curtailed
energy with some grid electricity to improve the utilisation is
recommended, up to a defined limit for the carbon intensity
of green hydrogen (e.g. 50g CO2/kWh). As the electricity
grid decarbonises in future years (aided by the roll-out of
P2G), more power can be derived from the grid, increasing
plant utilisation and the amounts of green hydrogen produced
annually per MW installed.
• It must respond rapidly to a changing electricity input
A P2G system based on solid polymer electrolyte membrane
(PEM) electrolyser technology is most suitable for this
requirement. In addition, it is able to be overloaded
substantially during periods of excess energy availability;
able to generate hydrogen at a pressure matched to the gas
grid; and suitable for physically compact site installations due
to high current density cell operation.
Adding high concentrations of hydrogen to natural gas affects
the flame properties, reduces the calorific value and increases
the flame speed (and hence the propensity to light-back
when the flame is extinguished). However, these effects
are negligible at low concentrations. Existing UK regulations
specify a maximum volume concentration of 0.1% hydrogen
in the gas grid, which is very small compared with the limits
applying in other EU nations and far below that which can be
safely transmitted and combusted in the UK. A revision of the
GS(M)R composition limits is required, and we recommend
that a new limit of 3% be set commencing 2015 to facilitate
the introduction of P2G. This new limit will enable up to
approximately 11TWh of excess energy to be captured, but it
will not require burners or gas-fired equipment to be adjusted
or replaced. The adoption of a greater concentration limit is
feasible and should be addressed in the early 2020s.
Injection to achieve the 3% concentration level requires
dehumidification to -10°C dew point, 33.3:1 dilution,
and downstream measurements of flow, composition and
combustion properties so that, when needed, the P2G plant
can decrease its output (or divert hydrogen to storage) to
ensure the concentration limit is never exceeded. As gas can be
transported internationally from the UK’s high pressure National
Transmission System (NTS), hydrogen should be injected only
into the lower pressure Local Distribution Zones (LDZ) until
a European framework has been developed so that hydrogen
concentration levels can be maintained at acceptable levels in
each country. Our economic assessment highlights a preferred
operating regime for absorbing excess energy and providing
balancing services with PEM electrolyser technology.
Drawn from Dr Graham Cooley’s presentation at the RAE
itm power plc
e 2014 e

7. The need for
energy storage
1992
1998
2004
2010
1995
2001
2007
2013
2018
1993
1999
2005
2011
2016
1996
2002
2008
2014
2019
1994
2000
2006
2012
2017
1997
2003
2009
2015
2020
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
20% of peak capacity (55GW) in Winter
20% of peak capacity (40GW) in Summer
The build-up of on and offshore wind generation in the UK.
Source: ITM Power plc, data from BWEA Onshore Offshore
1000 gCO2eg/kWh
NUCLEAR OIL FIRED PUMPED
COAL FIRED CCGT GAS TURBINES HYDRO WIND
12 HOURS
650 gCO2eg/kWh
8 HOURS
500 gCO2eg/kWh
6 HOURS
1000 gCO2eg/kWh
2 MINUTES
10 gCO2eg/kWh
10 SECONDS
5 gCO2eg/kWh
N/A
5 gCO2eg/kWh
48 HOURS
Total Wind Capacity (GW)
As we hit 20% capacity or around 8% by energy, for on-and
off-shore wind in the UK, wind power generated has to
be turned down. This has already been the experience from
Germany, Denmark and now Spain. The UK runs at 40% base
load, meaning that once these power stations are turned on,
they are left on. Even when the wind blows an additional 20%
by capacity, because the wind power is intermittent and
uncertain in supply time, it makes it impossible to turn down
a power station which takes time to turn back on. This is
impossible to do in a timescale which would keep the lights
on in the UK.
National Grid have shown the length of time it takes to
re-energise a power station once it has been turned off
ranges from six hours to two days. So for security of
supply, when wind is added to the energy mix, because of
its intermittency, not knowing if it is around for a few minutes
or a few hours, the base load is unable to be turned off.
The way this is currently dealt with in the UK is to curtail
the wind power.
Growing Wind Generation
• Evidence of grid balancing problems from Germany and Denmark
• Problems start at 20% capacity; UK hits this threshold by the end of 2013
• Energy storage is a market pull
balancing supply and demand
• A total of £725 paid for balancing services in 2010–11
• Estimates in 2020 are: circa £1.9bn – £5.9bn pa
• Tariffs already operational in the UK
Drawn from Dr Graham Cooley’s presentation at the RAE
itm power plc
e 2014 e

8. Thüga Group’s Power-to-Gas plant in Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Curtailing Wind
Power – The Solution
e
Growing Wind Generation
Rather than turn down the wind
power, an alternative option is to turn
‘on’ a load, this is called demand side
management. ITM Power’s particular
demand side load is a rapid response
electrolyser. It is turned ‘on’ when
balancing against renewable power and
it generates a clean useful fuel, renewable
hydrogen gas, which can be put directly
into the gas grid.
National Grid spent £0.7billion on grid
balancing services in the period 2010–
2011, rising to £1.1b in 2012-2013.
By 2020 estimates across the industry
vary from £2b to as much as £6b for
grid balancing services.
What is needed is more and more
rapid response demand side loads,
as the amount of inertia in the network
is reduced the demand side management
requirement increases.
The UK’s 2020 target for total wind
capacity is over 30GW, if only 4% of
that wind is curtailed by then, it is still
2.8 terawatt hours of energy, which is
a lot of electrolysis, but only half of
one percent of hydrogen mixed in
the gas grid.
This highlights how large the gas grid
is and what a practical store it is for
renewable energy. In the USA the
California Public Utilities Commission
unanimously approved its proposed
mandate that will require the state’s
big three investor-owned utilities to
add 1.3 gigawatts of energy storage
to their grids by 2020.
Drawn from Dr Graham Cooley’s presentation at the RAE

9. Drawn from Dr Graham Cooley’s presentation at the RAE
WHY POWER-TO-GAS?
Electricity cannot be stored easily. Hydrogen can be stored easily in the gas grid.
Source: ITM Power plc
Power-to-
Gas
POWER-TO-GAS
RATIONALE
The two largest networks in any
developed country are the electricity
and the gas network. The electricity
network in the UK has 350 terawatt
hours of energy flowing through it, and
the gas network has 1,000 terawatt hours,
making the gas grid three times the size of
the electricity network in terms of energy.
The big difference between the gas grid
and the electricity grid is that the gas
grid has lots of storage capacity so there
is already a huge asset in place for
storing energy.
The gas distribution network is therefore
an ideal place to store excess renewable
energy, in the form of a renewable gas.
The more renewable power which is
generated, the more difficult it will be
to manage the network with no storage.
The use of PEM electrolysers is a perfect
way to balance against the intermittent
renewable power and you make hydrogen,
putting it straight into the gas network.
An alternative is to react the hydrogen
with CO2 and make synthetic natural gas
and put that straight into the gas grid.
itm power plc
e 2014 e

10. .
.
.
.
Drawn from Dr Graham Cooley’s presentation at the RAE
How much hydrogen can
you put into the gas grid?
The Dutton limit highlights gas
interchangeability and was used
when the UK changed from town
gas to natural gas in the early 1970s,
when the gas system had 60% hydrogen
in it. Today that limit is around 12% and
Holland have adopted the Dutton limit,
Germany are at 10%, most of Europe
are clustered around 5% and ITM Power
have recommended that the 0.1% limit
in the UK is increased to 3%.
The UK imports half of all its gas,
we then re-export 10% and some
of it goes to power generation but
the bulk of it goes towards heat. If the
hydrogen made from renewable power
was to be injected into the gas grid this
would provide renewable heat on a very
large scale.
Renewable heat
The government targets state a
requirement for 12% of all heating
by renewables by 2020, which is very
ambitious. One of the routes to it is
Power-to-Gas energy storage but it will
require a lot of electrolysis, 18,600MW.
The elements of value to the power
network are that it will reduce the
amounts of renewable energy curtailment
whilst also reducing the reliance on
open-cycle gas. For the gas grid it will
decarbonise the provision of renewable
heat. Making gas domestically from an
excess product is good from a fuel and
energy security point of view.
ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
Various energy storage technologies all have different durations and power capabilities.
Year
Month
Day
Hour
Source: ITM Power plc
There are many different energy storage technologies available.
Energy storage in general is segmented by discharge time and
energy storage size. For extremely short bursts of energy
(less than a cycle) for power quality work then a flywheel is the
preferred option. For hours of energy storage a battery would be
used, but the issue with batteries is all the energy is stored inside
the battery so if the storage needed was greater than the capacity
of the battery, another battery would be required.
With hydrogen, the energy rating and the power rating are
separate. So an electrolyser can run for as long as the renewable
power lasts, be that seconds, or hours. Power-to-Gas energy
storage considers a larger timescale of gigawatt, terawatt hours
and annual or seasonal energy storage, rather than hours of
energy storage.
Power-to-Gas
Hydrogen
kWh

11. kWh

13. kWh MWh

14. MWh

16. MWh GWh

17. GWh

19. GWh TWh

20. TWh

22. TWh
Storage
Power-to-Gas
Synthetic Natural Gas
Pumped
Storage
Batteries
Flywheel
Compressed
Air Storage
Discharge Time (H)
itm power plc
e 2014 e

23. Phil Doran, MD, ITM Power GmbH at the Thüga Group’s Power-to-Gas Plant, Frankfurt
Project Thüga Group’s Power-to-Gas Plant
Partners
TOTAL PROJECT Funding
market
Badenova AG Co. KG, Erdgas Mittelsachsen GmbH,
Energieversorgung Mittelrhein GmbH, Erdgas Schwaben GmbH,
ESWE Versorgungs AG, Gasversorgung Westerwald GmbH,
Mainova Aktiengesellschaft, Stadtwerke Ansbach GmbH,
Stadtwerke Bad Hersfeld GmbH, Thüga Energienetze GmbH,
WEMAG AG, e-rp GmbH and Thüga AG.
€1.5m
Power-to-Gas Energy Storage
“The combination of renewable
electrical energy and smart grids
together with storage form the
backbone of the Energiewende.”
Eveline Lemke
Rhineland-Palatinate Minister
of Economic Affairs
“Our gas distribution network
could thus be the battery of
the future.”
Michael Riechel
Member of the Board of Thüga AG
itm power plc
2014 e

24. Mar 13
Timeline of Thüga plant deliverables
Sep 13 Mar 14
Oct 13
May 13
Nov 13
Apr 13 Jun 13
Dec 13
Jul 13 Jan 14
Aug 13 Feb 14
Apr 14
May 14
Order
Official
Commissioning
Ground
Breaking
Final
Acceptance
of the Plant Final
Payment
TÜV Permit
First Ever
Injection of
Hydrogen into
Gas Distribution
Network
Electrolyser
Arrives On-site
CE Marked
Given the high volumes of energy that must be stored,
power-to-gas technology holds great significance.
According to Thüga’s analysis, energy
storage requirements in Germany could
be as high as 17 terawatt hours (TWh)
by 2020, and reach 50 TWh by 2050.
The municipal gas distribution network
can easily absorb these quantities.
Thirteen companies of the Thüga
group have combined their know-how
and capital in a project platform to
jointly invest in the development of
Power-to-Gas storage technology.
The focus is on testing the practicality
of Power-to-Gas technology.
The companies are confident that long
term this technology has the greatest
potential to store excess amounts of
renewable energy as the development
of storage technologies is one of the
main challenges for the energy transition
(Energiewende), if the integration of
wind and solar power is to succeed.
ITM Power’s proton exchange
membrane (PEM) electrolyser is the
core of the system in Frankfurt am Main.
The plant converts electrical energy into
chemical energy and thus facilitates the
storage of electrical energy. The gas
mixing plant ensures that the admixture
of hydrogen in the gas distribution
network does not exceed 2% by volume.
The plant is now entering its three year
operational phase, during which time
the plant will participate in the balancing
energy market and provide negative
balancing power.
That means, when too much power
is on the electrical grid, at the request
of the transmission system operator
(TSO), the load of the electrolyser
will be increased. In this case, the plant
absorbs the excess power and converts
it into hydrogen. This also contributes
to the stability of the electricity grid.
At the end of 2013, the plant injected
hydrogen for the first time into the
Frankfurt gas distribution network
becoming the first plant to inject
electrolytic generated hydrogen into
the German gas distribution network.
Final acceptance of the plant
was achieved at the end of March
2014, which reflected the timely
achievement of all milestones set.
The project is supported by the Hessian
Ministry for the Environment, Energy,
Agriculture and Consumer Protection.
Following the first phase of the project,
the participants are considering a second
project, which would use hydrogen and
carbon dioxide to produce synthetic
natural gas to be subsequently stored.
itm power plc
e 2014 e

25. clean fuel
HYDROGEN FUEL
“This technology was invented in the
UK and London already has a massive
research base around hydrogen and
alternative fuels. When you also consider
that we already export thousands of
vehicles from the UK that adds up to a big
opportunity for many new jobs working
in cutting edge new technologies. We
are doing everything we can to ensure
London is ready when the very first
commercially available hydrogen vehicles
begin to come to the market in 2015.”
Kit Malthouse
Deputy Mayor of London
for Business and Enterprise

26. These programmes are supporting the
availability of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
(FCEVs) to the public, whilst at the same
time ensuring that there is a hydrogen
infrastructure in place to refuel.
The first full hydrogen FCEV has
now been released the Hyundai ix35
and Toyota have recently announced
production is being bought forward to
December 2014, with Honda and others
following from 2015.
2009
GERMANY
2009
south korea
2011
japan
2011
united kingdom
2012
denmark
2012
france
2013
USA
The world’s dependence on fossil fuels
for transportation is hugely costly and
unsustainable, with demand only set
to increase as countries develop and
population increases.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
(FCEVs) offer the ability to meet policy
objectives of air quality and low carbon
transport. This enables the public and
business organisations to travel and
transport goods with clean emissions,
without disruption to routine, a key
requirement for the rate of adoption and
acceptability of ultra-low emission vehicles.
The green hydrogen fuel can be made by
ITM Power’s rapid response hydrogen
refuelling stations, at times of low
electricity price and surplus renewable
energy supply, using just water; this offers
a low cost renewable clean fuel, that
can be made on-site at the point of use,
eliminating the need for transported
fuel deliveries.
Fuel for hydrogen vehicles is now high
on the agenda in a number of countries
with significant government projects
enabling the roll-out of hydrogen mobility
programmes.
The UK has a legally binding carbon
reduction target of 80% by 2050,
which includes a reduction of
carbon in transportation by 90%.
Road transportation makes up a
huge percentage of transport, and
this is why many governments have
now implemented hydrogen mobility
programmes. In April 14, the Office of
Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) published
Investing in Ultra-Low Emission Vehicles
in the UK, 2015 to 2020.
The document sets out key elements of
the Government’s proposed package of
support for ultra-low emission vehicles
(ULEVs) in the period 2015–20 and it
follows the announcement in the 2013
Spending Round that the Government
was making £500m available to support
ULEVs in this period.
OLEV are positioning the UK to be a lead
market for the introduction of hydrogen
fuel cell vehicles and will announce by
autumn 2014, the actions that both
Government and industry stakeholders
will be taking to achieve this.
California has taken a global lead in the
roll-out of hydrogen refuelling stations,
with the California Energy Commission
recently awarding $46.6m for the
construction of 28 new stations, bringing
the total planned in the state to more
than 50.
Hydrogen fuel
Providing the
potential to
decarbonise road
transportation
LAUNCH Date – national
mobility initiatives
The development of
a national hydrogen plan
clEan fuEl
itm power plc
clEan fuEl 2014

27. UK H2 Mobility
Website
www.ukh2mobility.co.uk
Partners:
• Air Liquide
• BOC
• Daimler
• Hyundai
• Intelligent Energy
• ITM Power
• Johnson Matthey
• Morrisons
• Nissan
• Sainsbury’s
• SSE
• Toyota
• Department for Business
Innovation and Skills
• Department of Energy
and Climate Change
• Department for Transport
• Transport Scotland
• Welsh Government
• Greater London Authority
• New Energy World
itm power plc
clEan fuEl 2014 clEan fuEl

28. fuel cell vehicles
hyundai TUCSON
Hydrogen fuel cell
vehicle
www.hyundaiusa.com/
tucsonfuelcell/
Key Points:
• 36-month lease, $499 per
month, $2,999 deposit,
includes all maintenance,
fuel, and carpool lane access
• The driving range of the Tucson
is up to 435 miles; similar to
many cars on the road today,
yet its only emission is water
• It takes five minutes to fully
fill the Tucson, compared to
current EVs, which require
at least 3 hours with a 240V
charge, or a minimum of 14
hours with a 110V charge
itm power plc
clEan fuEl 2014 clEan fuEl

29. fuel cell vehicles
Toyota fuel electric
cell vehicles (fcev)
www.toyota.com/fuelcell
Key Points:
• Toyota Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV)
uses the same hybrid technology
as the Prius, but with hydrogen
and a fuel cell stack
• The Toyota FCV will make its
debut on the roads in 2015
and has a target range of over
300 miles
• It has an introductory price
in Japan of $60,000
itm power plc
clEan fuEl 2014 clEan fuEl

30. 15kg/day
80kg/day
island hydrogen
isle of wight
Q4 2014
2 stations – 1 80kg/day
and 1 smaller 15kg/day
100kg/day
hyundai
california, USA
Q4 2014
Hydrogen Refuelling Stations under contract: Cumulative Deployment
2013 2014 2015
100kg/day
riverside
California, USA
Q4 2015
80kg/day
80kg/day 80kg/day
hyfive
london, uk
Q1 2015
3 stations – 3 80kg/day stations
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Deployed Under Contract
Cumulative Capacity (kg/24hr)
ITM Power is part of the UK, Swiss,
USA and French Hydrogen Mobility
programmes and is currently building
five refuelling stations for the UK
(two for the Isle of Wight and three
for London). The UK H2Mobility
programme is looking to roll-out
65 stations over the next few years.
The three CE marked rapid response
grid balancing stations to be deployed in
London, will be the first green hydrogen
deployments in the city and are expected
to be operational in time to coincide with
the roll-out of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
(FCEVs) planned by the major OEMs.
The ‘Island Hydrogen’ project on the
Isle of Wight will see the deployment of
an 80kg/day hydrogen refuelling station
to refuel FCEVs which will be located
in East Cowes, and a 15kg/day marine
refuelling station, at Ventnor Marina for
Cheetah Marine. These two stations are
scheduled to be operational by Q4 2014.
ITM Power has seen a big pull from
the USA, since the formation of ITM
Power Inc, becoming board members
of the Californian Hydrogen Business
Council, Canadian Hydrogen and Fuel
Cell Association, Fuel Cell Hydrogen
Energy Association and the Ohio Fuel
Cell Coalition.
ITM Power Inc is a founder member of
the US Government hydrogen mobility
initiatives H2USA and H2First, leading
to success in receiving two orders for
hydrogen refuelling stations in the USA.
Both awards to date have come out
of the pioneering California Energy
Commission solicitation process where
$200m is being made available for
hydrogen fuelling infrastructure through
an annual competitive tendering process.
The first is an order from Hydrogen
Frontier Inc. to supply Hyundai’s
headquarters in Chino, California
with a high pressure electrolyser
based hydrogen fuelling station. This
station will be 100kg/day and be 100%
renewable. It is set to be operational
in Q4 of 2014.
The second was a Notice of Proposed
Award from the California Energy
Commission to supply a public 100kg per
day turnkey hydrogen refuelling station
in Riverside, California. The refuelling
unit will replace a smaller, outdated
station and will be capable of generating
100kg/day of hydrogen with the ability
to dispense at both 350 and 700 bar.
The station will be operational by
October 2015.
refuelling stations
The FCEV’s are being
rolled out, and so
are hydrogen
refuelling stations.
itm power plc
clEan fuEl 2014 clEan fuEl

31. www.island-hydrogen.com
ITM Power is leading the
‘Island Hydrogen’ Vehicle
Refuelling project on the Isle
of Wight supported by the
UK’s innovation agency, the
Technology Strategy Board.
The project integrates into the power
system, a hydrogen energy storage and
vehicle refuelling system on the Isle of
Wight, through the development and
optimisation of a control system to link
renewable energy supply, smart grid
controls and hydrogen production.
This will serve as an integrated
renewable energy-transport model
that can be replicated in smart cities,
as well as islands around the world.
ITM Power will be deploying two
hydrogen refuelling stations. Initial
planning permission applications lead
to ITM Power being granted planning
permission for five hydrogen refuelling
sites on the Isle of Wight.
Two of these sites were chosen for the
80kg/day and 15kg/day stations to take
forward for installation of hydrogen
refuellers ready for operation in
November 2014.
ITM Power will deploy one modular
80kg/day hydrogen generation unit,
the first deployment of a station this
size which is intended to form the initial
station size in the roll-out of hydrogen
refuelling stations in the UK H2Mobility
project. This modular design allows
generation capacity to be increased at
refuelling stations as demand increases.
The other station to be deployed
is for a 15kg/day marine refuelling
station to be located at Cheetah
Marine’s site in Ventnor. In addition to
deploying the stations, ITM Power was
also granted planning permission for five
locations for five hydrogen refuelling
sites on the Isle of Wight.
Two of these sites were chosen for the
80kg/day and 15kg/day stations to take
forward for installation of hydrogen
refuellers ready for operation in
November 2014. ITM Power sits on
three Working Groups of the ISO
Technical Committee 197, which has
as its stated scope the standardisation
in the field of systems and devices for
the production, storage, transport,
measurement and use of hydrogen.
Furthermore, ITM Power sits on the
British Compressed Gas Association
Technical Steering Committees with
particular emphasis on Code of Practice
41, which addresses The Design,
Construction, Maintenance and Operation
of Filling Stations Providing Gaseous Fuels.
Project Island Hydrogen
Partners
TOTAL PROJECT Funding
market
Technology Strategy Board, Cheetah Marine,
SSE, IBM, Vodafone, Arcola, University of Nottingham,
University of South Wales, NPL, Toshiba
£4.45m
Hydrogen Vehicle and Marine Refuelling
“The expertise required to achieve planning permission and satisfy
compliance bodies is often underestimated. I am delighted that
ITM Power has been successful in gaining approval to commence
the build of two hydrogen refuelling stations on the Isle of Wight.
Furthermore, the continued support from the Isle of Wight council and
their determination to become a prime location for hydrogen fuel cell
vehicle deployment provides a fantastic backdrop to this exciting project.”
Dr Graham Cooley
Chief Executive of ITM Power
ITM Power plc
clean fuel 2014 clean fuel

32. www.hyfive.eu/hydrogen-and-fuel-cells
Global leaders
sign £31m plan to
demonstrate the
commercial case
for hydrogen
vehicles.
HyFive is a pioneering £31 million
project involving leading motor
manufacturers, hydrogen fuel suppliers,
the Mayor of London’s Office and energy
consultancies to make hydrogen vehicles
a viable and environmentally friendly
choice for motorists across Europe.
Five different manufacturers have agreed
to deploy a total of 110 hydrogen fuel
cell vehicles at several European
locations (Bolzano, Copenhagen,
Innsbruck, London, Munich, Stuttgart)
and develop new clusters of hydrogen
refuelling stations.
ITM Power was selected by the
London Hydrogen Partnership to be
the Hydrogen Refuelling Station partner
for London. This resulted in an award
of contract to supply three ITM Power
electrolyser-based refuelling stations.
The Mayor of London’s Office
announced the award which is funded
by the European Union Fuel Cells and
Hydrogen Joint Undertaking project
called HyFive.
The contract is worth approximately
£2.8 million to ITM Power and results in
three 80kg/ day hydrogen stations being
deployed in London. These three new
stations will form part of three European
regions deploying six new 700bar
hydrogen refuelling stations and
incorporate 12 existing stations in the
project. The fuelling station networks
will offer hydrogen as a genuine fuelling
choice for end users. Working with
other partners in the project, Air
Products, Linde, OMV and the
Copenhagen Hydrogen Network,
will stimulate the network density
required for full commercial roll-out of
hydrogen refuelling and FCEVs across
Europe. The hydrogen stations are due
to be operational in 2015, by which time
the vehicle manufacturers in the
partnership will have started to put
hydrogen fuelled cars on sale in some
European markets.
The motor manufacturers who are part
of this project are working on developing
and demonstrating hydrogen powered
fuel cell cars. The prospect of these
becoming more widely available is
now seen as increasingly likely as the
currently high cost of the technology
falls and hydrogen powered vehicles
become affordable. Supporters of the
new technology point to the rapid
refuelling times for hydrogen cars
and their potential to cover over four
hundred miles before needing to be
refuelled. They also believe that fuel
cells will have the ability to be scaled
up to run larger vehicles such as buses
or trucks.
Project HyFive Refuelling Partner for London
Partners
TOTAL PROJECT Funding
market
The Mayor of London’s Office, BMW, Daimler, Honda, Hyundai,
Toyota, Air Products, Copenhagen Hydrogen Network, ITM
Power, Linde, OMV, Element Energy, PE INTERNATIONAL,
the Institute for Innovative Technology and the European Fuel Cell
and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking
£31m (£2.8m to ITM Power)
Vehicle Refuelling
“The 15 partners of the HyFive project will work together to advance
the awareness, understanding, viability and uptake of zero-emission
hydrogen-powered vehicles, like the Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell.
The collective mid-term goal is to grow a pan-European refuelling
network and ensure more vehicles are seen on the road.”
Byung Kwon Rhim
President of Hyundai Motor Europe
ITM Power plc
clean fuel 2014 clean fuel

33. Stephen Jones, MD, ITM
Power Inc. examines the
hydrogen refuelling station
bound for Hyundai, California.
Project California Refuelling Stations
Partners
TOTAL PROJECT Funding
market
Hyundai, Powertech, H2 Frontier Inc, Riverside
$5,125,000 to both stations
Hydrogen Vehicle Refuelling
“Fuel cell technologies are an important part of an all-of-the-above
approach to diversify America’s transportation sector, reduce our
dependence on foreign oil and increase our competitiveness in the
global market.”
David Danielson
Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy
itm power plc
2014 clEan fuEl

34. As a result of Assembly Bill
32, California is required
to significantly reduce its
carbon emissions state-wide.
From a utility perspective, this means
that an increasing proportion of
renewable energy will need to be
introduced into the electrical grid.
As a result California (CA) has set up
a Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS)
of 33% total renewable energy by 2020.
This is likely to increase to 50% by 2030.
The increase in renewable energy into
the electrical grid results in the need for
storage during times when the renewable
energy production may be sub optimum.
This has led to the California public
utilities commission mandating 1.3GW of
energy storage by 2020 and opportunities
to leverage the natural gas grid to store
renewable energy, an approach that is
now near commercial in Germany.
In addition AB-8 bill was passed in
September 2013 providing up to $200m
of funding for hydrogen infrastructure
in the state of California over a ten
year period with the aim of at least
100 stations by 2024.
ITM Power’s Chino project was awarded
under this program to supply a 100kg
per day system to Hydrogen Frontier Inc
for incorporation into a refuelling station
located at Hyundai’s technical centre in
Chino, CA.
ITM Power’s other station award for
the city of Riverside California was also
through the same program and will
see ITM Power lead a consortium of
partners to deploy and operate a 100kg
per day public hydrogen station. The
station is located in one of the prime
areas highlighted by the CEC; at the City
of Riverside’s Alternative Fuelling Facility
close to the 91 Freeway. The refuelling
unit will replace a smaller, outdated
station and will be capable of generating
100kg/day of hydrogen with the ability
to dispense at both 350 and 700 bar.
The station will be operational by
October 2015.
The NOPA from the CEC comes
as part of PON 13-607, the second
solicitation in a ten year programme
to deploy refuelling stations across
California to support the roll-out
of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs).
clEan fuEl

35. Renewable
Chemistry
decarbonising
chemicals
“The British scientific and technological
revolution is something to be proud of.
By investing in these great technologies
I firmly believe that the UK will continue
to be at the forefront of the global
technology race.”
David Willetts
Science Minister

36. Renewable hydrogen
provides the global
chemical industry with
an opportunity to
reduce its dependence
on fossil fuels and
specifically methane-derived
hydrogen.
CH4
H2O
CO2
+
H2
+
N NH3
H2O
2 O
UREA
H2 CO2
+
NH3
+
+
N
Hydrogen is a fundamental chemical building block for a variety of commodity
chemicals and fuels including ammonia and synthetic methane for which there are
massive world markets. The use of renewable hydrogen as a feedstock would deliver
a net reduction and in some cases be a net consumer of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Ammonia and Urea
Making ammonia and urea fertiliser from hydrogen derived from wind via
PEM electrolysers.
Conventional production of ammonia (NH3) is a large scale industrial process,
very dependent on fossil fuels and is currently made using hydrogen derived from
natural gas. Currently 5% of global natural gas consumption is used to make ammonia
(2% of world energy) causing this agricultural process to contribute between 12–14%
of greenhouse gas emissions.
Urea is a nitrogen-rich fertiliser and is made from ammonia and carbon dioxide.
With the growing global population and demand for foodstuffs increasing, together
with less acreage being dedicated to crop cultivation, 50% of current global food
production relies on the use of ammonia based fertilisers to increase these yields.
The challenge addressed by the production of ammonia and urea using hydrogen from
renewable energy sources is the need to drastically reduce the emissions associated
with the production of NH3 based fertilisers.
Ammonia and urea fertiliser can be produced sustainably by using hydrogen
derived by electrolysis of water using renewable energy supply in a PEM electrolyser.
This de-couples ammonia production from fossil fuels. In the case of urea, it
also decarbonises the process further, as it provides a means of utilising waste
carbon dioxide.
Renewable hydrogen offers:
• Decentralised, local fertiliser production
• To decouple ammonia and urea production from fossil fuels
• Opportunities to utilise waste CO2 in urea production
• Sustainable fertiliser production with zero carbon emissions
• Price stability, avoiding link to fossil fuel volatility
• Security of supply and crop yield for a growing world population
CONVENTIONAL
ROUTE
RENEWABLE
ROUTE
ry
itm power plc
2014

37. Synthetic Methane
and Renewable Gases
Synergies exist between the need for
renewable heat in the form of a gaseous
fuel, the need to reduce our dependency
on imported natural gas, the rising
renewable power penetration in the
power system increasing the need for
balancing services and increasing wind
curtailment, and the need for industrial
processes to utilise rather than eject
carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
In response to government commitments
to decarbonise energy production and
supply there has been an increase of
renewable power, leading to a large
percentage of power being generated
from energy sources with intermittent
and fluctuating outputs. Therefore there
is a growing need for energy storage.
In addition to being an energy vector for
electricity, mobility and heat, hydrogen
can be utilised as a raw material for the
synthesis of various hydrocarbon fuels
such as synthetic methane by means of
either a biological or a catalytic process.
Physically and chemically similar to natural
gas, synthetic methane can be injected
into gas distribution networks or used in
domestic and industrial heat processes
without modification of equipment.
Synthetic methane has the potential to:
• Link the electricity and gas networks
providing an abundant source of
renewable heat
• Contributing to the decarbonisation
of transport
• Balancing supply and demand of
renewable energy by varying the
input to the electrolyser
• Reducing the need to reinforce the
existing electricity distribution grids
to support increase of renewables
• Provide grid balancing services
• Provide a means of effectively storing
renewable energy for periods of
weeks to months
Synthetic methane synthesis has great
potential as a means of increasing the
methane content of biogas. The high CO2
content of biogas means that it cannot
be injected into the existing national gas
infrastructure but by using it directly in
the biological conversion route or by
separating the CO2 and using the catalytic
synthesis processes, it is possible to
produce grid quality methane.
itm power plc
ry 2014 ry

38. Denmark, like Germany with the
Energiewende initiative has made a
political commitment to be independent
of fossil fuels by 2050. Denmark has
already agreed that by 2020 35% of total
energy consumption will be based on
renewable energy and 50% of electricity
consumption will be supplied by wind.
To achieve this, Denmark recognises
that gas is a determinant factor for the
storage of energy in an integrated system
of electricity, gas and heat; recognising that
stored renewable gases such as hydrogen
and synthetic methane can be converted
to electricity and heat making it possible
to balance the grid for periods from hours
up to days, weeks and even months.
60% of Danish homes use district heating
from combined heat and power (CHP)
plants and Denmark has recognised that
synthetic methane produced from biogas
(sourced from anaerobic digestion and
thermal gasification of woody material)
and hydrogen from electrolysis as a
cost-effective near-term means of storing
and using intermittent renewable energy
for the production of power and heat
as part of the national transition from
fossil fuels to 100% renewable energy.
As a result, Power-to-Gas and synthetic
methane are a primary focus for large
scale energy storage in Denmark. RD
and demonstration projects are being
supported by the Danish TSO Energinet.
dk and the Danish Ministry of Energy into
the production and use of hydrogen and
synthetic methane.
Case study: DENMARK
Renewable Gases as
a means of Renewable
Energy Storage
ry

39. ITM Power is leading a consortium project to
demonstrate the decarbonisation of fertiliser
production, which is responsible for a material
proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions.
The funding comes from the UK’s
innovation agency, the Technology
Strategy Board, under its Agri-Tech
programme. The project is to design
and build a system for the production
of renewable fertiliser.
The integrated electrolyser based
pilot scale system will be trialled at
the UK farm owned by Waitrose.
As a responsible retailer, Waitrose
always strives to minimise its impact on
the environment. Support of sustainable
agriculture is one way in which the
retailer does this – and the involvement
of the retailer’s own farm, Leckford,
in this pilot could support this aim by
helping develop a process that could
greatly reduce the environmental
footprint where fertiliser is used.
With the growing global population
increasing demand for foodstuffs,
and as less acreage is dedicated to crop
cultivation, yields must increase. 50% of
current global food production relies on
the use of NH3 based fertilisers and is
key to increasing yields.
The challenge addressed by this
project is the need to drastically
reduce the emissions associated with
the production of NH3 based fertilisers.
Commercial production of NH3 is a
large scale industrial process converting
natural gas (or other fossil fuels) into
gaseous hydrogen, which is catalytically
reacted with nitrogen to form anhydrous
liquid NH3. Hydrogen can be produced
more simply and more sustainably by
the electrolysis of water using renewable
electricity – thus decoupling NH3
production from fossil fuels, substantially
decarbonising the process, and providing
a means of utilising waste CO2 in urea
production in line with EU climate
action objectives.
Project Renewable Chemistry: UREA
Partners
TOTAL PROJECT Funding
market
Waitrose, Technology Strategy Board
£1.37m
Renewable Fertiliser
itm power plc
ry 2014 ry

40. In 2013, ITM Power became the operator of a Hydrogen
Mini Grid located at the Advanced Manufacturing Park
(AMP) in Rotherham, which since its installation in 2007
has never been operational.
The Hydrogen Mini Grid (HMG) is a
unique facility consisting of a 225kW
wind turbine coupled directly to an
electrolyser, 200kg of hydrogen storage,
a hydrogen dispensing unit and a 30kW
fuel cell system capable of providing
backup power generation for
nearby buildings.
The facility is currently being upgraded
as a showcase for ITM Power’s world-class
hydrogen generation equipment
and will be used to provide retail
hydrogen fuel services within the
Sheffield City Region.
The facility will also serve to develop
ITM Power’s modular commercial
platform for hydrogen generation
systems, Power-to-Gas and refuelling
solutions. The system is designed so that
energy from the wind turbine is used to
provide power for some of the buildings
on the AMP, with excess energy being
used by the electrolyser to generate
hydrogen gas. The gas is then
compressed and stored ready for
dispensing into hydrogen fuel cell
vehicles. Particular focus will be on
the national hydrogen mobility initiatives
being undertaken in countries around
the world.
The M1 motorway was highlighted as
a key route for the early deployment
of hydrogen refuelling in the UK in
the published UK H2Mobility Phase 1
Report. The Advanced Manufacturing
Park is just two miles from the M1
motorway network and within reach of
the large population centres of Sheffield,
Rotherham, Barnsley and Doncaster,
giving the facility a very large catchment
area and providing the perfect position
for a commercial refuelling station.
The site already has planning permission
for hydrogen systems and much of the
required infrastructure and groundwork
is already in place, which allows for very
low set-up costs to install and use ITM
Power’s non-invasive hydrogen
generation technology.
As the wind turbine is already installed,
it allows 100% renewable hydrogen to be
produced on the site. This hydrogen is a
fundamental chemical building block for
a variety of commodity chemicals and
fuels including ammonia and synthetic
methane for which there are massive
world markets.
Project Wind Hydrogen Development Platform
Partners
TOTAL PROJECT Funding
market
Advanced Manufacturing Park, Sheffield University,
DeMontfort University, UPS, Rotherham MBC
N/A
Renewable Hydrogen
“We are delighted to have been selected as the operator for the HMGS
in Rotherham. The site has huge potential and ITM Power is perfectly
positioned to realise this potential with our unique technology.
Together with our partners, we will be able to use the site as a retail
hydrogen fuel station for the area and it will provide a repeatable
blueprint for similar systems to be deployed around the world.”
Dr Graham Cooley
CEO, ITM Power plc
itm power plc
ry 2014 ry

41. ITM Power plc
22 Atlas Way
Sheffield
S4 7QQ
T: +44 (0) 114 244 5111
W: www.itm-power.com