Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) 15th Agriculture and Fisheries Technology Forum and Product Exhibition Seminar Series on August 15, 2019 at BAR Grounds, cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City

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About Us
PHILIPPINE FIBER
INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY
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Outline of Presentation
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 Cultivation of Jute in the
Philippines
 Characterization of Jute Plants
 Culture and Management
 Production of Jute fibers
 Supply chain for jute fiber
production and utilization
 Demand requirements for jute
fibers, jute sacks and other
products
 Projected income in jute fiber
production
PHILIPPINE FIBER INDUSTRY
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

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Cultivation of Jute
in the Philippines
Jute Farm Documentation in Batac, Ilocos
Norte (A) and Munoz, Nueva Ecija (B) in 2017
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A B

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- Area planted to Jute
*Flores, H. 2009. Potential of saluyot as source of fabric
[Retrieved in 2017 February 21] Http://www.
Philstar.com/headlines
In 2006, the 692 hectares planted to jute produced a
total of 1,949 tons of SALUYOT while 9,500 m2 in 2017,
production of SALUYOT is unknown and 400 m2 IS for
experimental area for fibers 6
LOCATION AREA
PLANTED IN
2006
(Hectares)*
AREA
PLANTED IN
2017
(Hectares)
Ilocos Norte 325 2,500 m2
Pangasinan 213 -
Nueva Ecija 4,000 m2
Camarines Sur 3,400 m2
Western Visayas 154 -
TOTAL 692 9,900 m2

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Characterization of Jute Plants
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Jute Plant: Fibers are extracted from bark of Corchorus capsularis white jute plant
(white jute) and Corchorus olitorius (tossa jute ). A natural fiber with golden and silky
shine hence called Golden Fiber. Jute is an annual crop taking about 120 days
(April/May-July/August) to grow that produces yellow flowers and black seeds It
thrives in tropical lowland areas with 60% to 90% humidity and a rain-fed crop with
little need for fertilizer or pesticides. Yields are about 2 tons of dry jute fiber per
hectare is one of the most affordable natural fibers and with a variety of uses as
vegetable and medicinal source.
The fiber: Jute is long, soft and shiny, with a length of 1 to 4 m and a diameter of
from 17 to 20 ս. The fibers are composed primarily of plant cellulose and lignin, can
be extracted by either biological or chemical retting processes. Biological retting can
be done by either by stack, steep and ribbon processes which involve bundling jute
stems together and soaking in water to help separate the fibres from the stem before
stripping. After the retting process, stripping begins where the non-fibrous matter is
scraped off, leaving the fibers to be pulled out from within the stem.
Environmental benefits: Jute fiber is 100% bio-degradable, recyclable and thus
environment friendly. A hectare of jute plants consumes about 15 tons of carbon
dioxide and releases 11 tons of oxygen. Cultivating jute in crop rotations enriches the
fertility of the soil for the next crop.

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Physical Properties* Nueva Ecija Cam. Sur
Weight (g) 17.82 10.97
Length (m) 2.10 1.70
Tensile Strength (kgf/gm) 11.63 13.35
Elongation (%) 2.24 1.90
Properties of Jute Fiber
*C. olitorius sourced from Nueva Ecija and C. capsularis sourced from Cam. Sur
Chemical Properties of Jute Fiber
 Cellulose → 65.2%
 Hemi-cellulose → 22.2%
 Lignin → 12.5%
 Water Soluble matter → 1.5%
 Fat and Wax → 0.6%
https://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2011/08/define-jute-fiber-chemical-
composition.html
Nueva Ecija
Cam. Sur

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Map with identified provinces
suitable for planting jute based on
KOPPEN CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION
Identified 27 provinces with Monsoon Climate:
Ilocos Norte Bataan
Ilocos Sur Batangas
Cagayan Occidental Mindoro
Kalinga Bulacan
La Union Palawan
Pangasinan Laguna
Nueva Ecija Zambales

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Mapofsuitable planting areasforjute
basedonRAINFALL
Identified 9 Regions with weekly
rainfall of 50-80 mm
CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region
Region I – Ilocos Region
Region II – Compostela Valley
Region III – Central Luzon
Region IV – CALABARZON and MIMAROPA
Region V – Bicol Region
Region VI – Western Visayas
Region VIII – Eastern Visayas
Region X – Northern Mindanao

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Mapofsuitable planting areasforjute
basedonTYPEOFSOIL
There are 77 identified provinces
which are suitable for jute
plantings with either clay loam,
sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or
combination of the three soils

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Culture and Management of Jute Plants
Requirements for cultivation of jute for fiber production 12

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Production of Jute Fibers
Sun or Air drying
The collected fibers are dried by
hanging the fibers under the sun. The
fibers are completely dried after 3-4
hours direct exposure to sun.
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Retting
Removing the non-fibrous materials by
allowing the harvested stalks to be
soaked in running bodies of water for
2-3 weeks.
Decortication
Removal of non-fibrous material is done
by continuous pounding of stalks by the
steel blades attached to a decorticating
drum.

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Jute Fiber –Based Products
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JUTE RAW FIBER
JUTE FABRIC
JUTE SACKS
JUTE HANDICRAFT AND ACCESSORIES
JUTEYARN & TWINE

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SupplyChain:JuteFiber Production &Utilization 15
3 importers,
12 sack suppiers
GAP

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Jute Sacks
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STRENGTH
twined/woven jute fabrics
are more durable compared
to synthetic materials
ANTI-MICROBIAL
PROPERTIES
controls moisture
accumulation in dried beans
preventing the growth of
molds
REUSABILITY
offers multiple reuse
capability up to 5-6 times
PILING CAPABILITY
easier to pile during storage
of dried coffee and/or cacao
beans
LIMITED
limited supply of sacks in
the market
EXPENSIVE
imported jute sacks are
expensive compared to
synthetic materials
HEAVY
heavier during transporting
of grain commodities
POROUS
easily absorbs liquid when
not stored properly
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

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Data Source
Sacks
(60 kg
capacity)
Jute fiber
requirement
(kg)
Fabric (yards)
Jute fiber
requirement
(kg)
Fabric/Twine
(kg)
Jute fiber
requirement
(kg)
Total Jute
fiber
requirement
(kg)
NCR 4,200.00 2,767.8 5,000.00 1,669.00 NA NA 4,436.80
- Divisoria 200 5,000.00 NA NA NA 1,800.80
- Las Pinas 4,000.00 NA NA NA NA 2767.80
Isabela 40 26.36 NA NA NA NA 26.36
Batangas 5,000.00 3,295 700 233.66 NA NA 3,295.00
Cavite NA NA 37,500.00 12,517.50 NA NA 12,517.50
Aurora 2,600.00 1,713.40 NA NA NA NA 1,713.40
Iloilo 5,419.00 3,571.12 NA NA NA NA 3,571.12
Bukidnon 13,917.00 9,171.30 NA NA NA NA 9,171.30
Albay NA NA NA NA 30,000 30,000 30,000.00
Davao City 159,035 104,804.07 NA NA NA NA 104,804.07
Davao del Sur 36,500 24,053.50 NA NA NA NA 24,053.50
Davao del Norte 4,191 2,761.87 NA NA NA NA 2,761.87
Nestle PH 750,000.00 494,250.00 NA NA NA NA 494,250.00
TOTAL 980,902.00 646,414.42 42,500 14,420.16 30,000.00 30,000.00 690,834.58
5 Yr - Fiber Requirement for Jute Products

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Assumptions
Number of plants per hectare 385,000
Weight of jute plant/ha 18,181.8 kg
Fiber recovery 11%
Weight of jute fiber/ha 2,000 kg
1 yard of jute fabric 0.3338 kg
1 jute sack 0.6590 kg
Given the above assumptions, jute must be planted to 345.41
hectares to supply the jute fiber requirement of current jute
product users

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COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS OF SALUYOT PRODUCTION PER HECTARE
Particulars
Jute Variety (Native Green) Corchorus olitorious L.
Method of planting Broadcasting
GROSS INCOME (at P 10/bundle with 16,800
bundles/ha) 168,000.00
PRODUCTION COST
Fixed Costs
Knapsack sprayer ( 1 unit) 1,500.00
Scythe (5 pieces) 100.00
Hoe ( 5 pieces) 500.00
Shovel ( 3 pieces) 360.00
Plastic drum (2 pieces) 650.00
Total Fixed Costs 3,110.00
Variable costs
Labor @ P370/man-day (MD)
Clearing (20 MD) 7,400.00
Bed preparation (20 MD) 7,400.00
Manure application (10 MD) 3,700.00
Sowing (2 MD) 740.00
Transplanting (20 MD) 7,400.00
Topdressing (20 MD) 7,400.00
Spraying, once/month for 7 months (2 MD) 5,180.00
Weeding (30 MD) 11,100.00
Irrigation, STW, 2 times per month 16,800.00
Harvesting/sorting (5 MD) at 14 times of harvest 25,900.00
Miscellaneous (hauling, repairs, etc.) (10 MD) 3,700.00
Subtotal for Labor 96,720.00
Inputs
Seeds (3 kg) 600.00
Manure (40 sacks) 10,000.00
Fertilizer
14 -14 - 14 (6 bags) 6,210.00
46 - 0 - 0 (20 bags) 19,000.00
Pesticides (Brodan and Prevathon) 4,100.00
Fuel and oil 6,000.00
Packaging Materials 4,000.00
Miscellaneous (pail, gloves, etc.) 4,000.00
Subtotal for Inputs 53,910.00
Total (Variable Costs) 150,630.00
TOTAL COSTS (Variable + Fixed) 153,740.00
NET PROFIT (at P 10/bundle with 16,800 bundles/ha) - 14,260.00
* Jute is planted in rice paddies as alternate crop
Assumptions:
1,200 bundles per harvest per hectare (as per interview with farmers on
September 2017)
Two harvests per month for 7 months
Price of P 10/bundle from wet market in Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Cost of labor and inputs as of August 2019
Reference:
Garcia, Josephine T., Production Guide on Saluyot, Crop Research Division,
Bureau of Plant Industry, 2012

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COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS OF JUTE FIBER PRODUCTION PER HECTARE
Particulars
Jute variety: (White Jute) Corchorus capsularis L.
Method of planting Broadcasting
Duration from Planting to harvesting, Months 3
Ave. yield / ha, kg 2,000.00
Price of dry fiber / kg (India @2019) 40
GROSS INCOME( Ave. yield X Price of dry fiber) 80,000.00
PRODUCTION COST Values, Php
FIXED COST
Knapsack Sprayer 60.00
VARIABLE COST
1
Land preparation (clearing,plowing &
harrowing) custom hire
: 4WD Tractor with rotavator
3,000.00
2 Seeds,15kg /ha : P200/kg 3,000.00
3 Planting (Broadcasting method) : 4 laborer @ P370/day 1,480.00
4 Thinning, weeding and cultivation : 10 man-days at 370 per day 3,700.00
5 Irrigation, STW : 1,200 pesos per ha 1,200.00
6 Fertilizer (urea fertilizer) : 2 sacks @ 950php/sacks 1,900.00
7 Fertilizer application : 2 laborer @ P370/day 740.00
8 Spraying (6 times) : 2 laborer/ session @ P370 4,440.00
9 Insecticide (250ml Dupont) : P860/250ml 2,580.00
10
Harvesting (hauling or pulling of bundles in
water) : Pakyaw method, (14 days*) 7,400.00
11 Stripping, washing and drying retted fibers : Output base, P5/kg 10,000.00
12 Sorting, classifying and baling the fibers : 10 laborer @ P370/day 3,700.00
13 Knapsack sprayer 1,500.00
14 Miscellaneous expenses (10% of the whole operation) 4,120.00
TOTAL COSTS (Variable + Fixed) 48,760.00
Expected Net Profit, 4 month period (Gross Income less Total Expenses) 31,240.00
Yearly Net Profit, 4 x 3 croppings 93,720.00
Payback period (PBP), Years 1.56
Percentage of Net Profit over Gross income 0.39
Assumptions:
Estimated time for: Retting - 10 days for running water,
Harvesting -2 days for 10 person,
Hauling 1 day and for Pulling - 1 day = 14 days
Estimated time for: Baling - 1 day and for Sorting and
Classifying - 1 day = 2 days
Cost of labor and inputs as of August 2019
References:
1. PhilFIDA Technoguide on Jute
2. Garcia, Pedro R., Jute Culture
3. Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Government
of India, 2011.Price policy for Raw Jute, Summary,pp vii
4. Actual Interview on the Saluyot Farmers from Munoz,
Nueva Ecija
39%
5

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COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS OF JUTE FIBER PRODUCTION PER HECTARE
Particulars
Jute variety: (Native Green) Corchorus olitorius L.
Method of planting Broadcasting
Duration from Planting to harvesting, Months 3
Ave. yield / ha, kg 3,128.00
Price of dry fiber / kg (India @2019) 40
GROSS INCOME ( Ave. yield X Price of dry fiber) 125,120.00
PRODUCTION COST Values, Php
FIXED COST
Knapsack Sprayer 60.00
VARIABLE COST
1
Land preparation (clearing,plowing &
harrowing) custom hire
: 4WD Tractor with rotavator
3,000.00
2 Seeds,15kg /ha : P200/kg 3,000.00
3 Planting (Broadcasting method) : 4 laborer @ P370/day 1,480.00
4 Thinning, weeding and cultivation : 10 man-days at 370 per day 3,700.00
5 Irrigation, STW : 1,200 pesos per ha 1,200.00
6 Fertilizer (urea fertilizer) : 2 sacks @ 950php/sacks 1,900.00
7 Fertilizer application : 2 laborer @ P370/day 740.00
8 Spraying (6 times) : 2 laborer/ session @ P370 4,440.00
9 Insecticide (250ml Dupont) : P860/250ml 2,580.00
10
Harvesting (hauling or pulling of bundles in
water) : Pakyaw method, (14 days*) 7,400.00
11 Stripping, washing and drying retted fibers : Output base, P5/kg 15,640.00
12 Sorting, classifying and baling the fibers : 10 laborer @ P370/day 3,700.00
13 Knapsack sprayer 1,500.00
14 Miscellaneous expenses (10% of the whole operation) 4,684.00
TOTAL COSTS (Variable + Fixed) 54,964.00
Expected Net Profit, 4 month period (Gross Income less Total Expenses) 70,156.00
Yearly Net Profit, 4 x 3 croppings 210,468.00
Payback period (PBP), Years 0.78
Percentage of Net Profit over Gross income 56%
Assumptions:
Estimated time for: Retting - 10 days for running water, Harvesting -2 days for 10
person,
Hauling 1 day and for Pulling - 1 day = 14 days
Estimated time for: Baling - 1 day and for Sorting and Classifying - 1 day = 2 days
Cost of labor and inputs as of August 2019
References:
1. PhilFIDA Technoguide on Jute
2. Garcia, Pedro R., Jute Culture
3. Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Government of India, 2011.
Price policy for Raw Jute, Summary, pp. vii.
4. Actual Interview on the Saluyot Farmers from Munoz, Nueva Ecija

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Costs incurred in importing jute sacks by
end users per year 1
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SELLING PRICE OF COFFEE* CACAO**
EXPORTING COUNTRIES 154,816 125,090
Php Php Php
Bangladesh
70.00 10,837,120.00 8,756,300.00
100.00 15,481,600.00 12,509,000.00
India
80.00 12,385,280.00 10,007,200.00
120.00 18,577,920.00 15,010,800.00
China
130.00 20,126,080.00 16,261,700.00
* Requirements for jute sacks with coffee
**Requirements for empty jute sacks
1 As per survey through KII in 2017-2018

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SUMMARY
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• Jute cultivation is adaptable in several areas in the country given
the agro-climatic conditions.
• Jute cultivation for fiber (3 croppings) is more profitable compared
to utilization of jute plants as vegetable (saluyot) (7 months).
• Mechanized extraction process should be developed to come with
high fiber recovery and good quality fiber.
• Interventions on the manufacturing sector for jute sack making
should be put in place to bridge the gap in the supply chain to
meet the demand requirements.
• Demand for jute fibers, sacks and other products is high
considering the requirement of the endusers.
• To meet the demand requirements for fibers for the next five years,
only 345.41 hectares are needed.

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Thank you…..
Halamang Hibla: Yaman ng Bayan, Biyaya ng Kalikasan
Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority
3rd Floor DA-PCAF Building,Department of Agriculture
Elliptical Road,Diliman,Quezon City,1100
Telephone No. (632) 721-9804;(632) 273-2474 loc 2650
Email: philfidaoed@yahoo.com;ftud_fida @yahoo.com