The challenges that face a farmer growing in high tunnels.

3. January 8, and yes, that’s a dandelion in bloom!

4. At this stage, they’re easy to handle

5. Unchecked, they can look like this..

7. Insects – Pests & Predators

8. Direct intervention Removing affected crops…great chicken feed! Help from predators

9. Lacewing

10. Lady Beetle

12. Direct intervention

13. Hornworm, dark phase

15. Braconid wasp

16. Diseases

17. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

24. Strategies Biologicals – Coniothirium Minitans – Contans Biofumigation Solarization

25. Biofumigation Certain Brassica cover crops, as well as mustard seed meal, contain high concentrations of isothiocyanates (ITCs) – derived from the degradation of glucosinolates (what gives them the pungent taste). The seed meal is also a significant source of nitrogen and other nutrients. When incorporated into the soil ITCs act as an effective biofumigant, reducing populations of pathogenic fungal species (Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia, and Phytium), nematodes, weeds, and certain insect species. UT/TSU 2003 In addition, the residues add important organic matter for soil building.

26. Solarization Heat Moisture Time

29. 77 86 95 104 113 122 131 Soil temp. ( ℉)

30. Questions?