3. What are
refractories?
Materials having high
melting point with
properties that make
them suitable to act as
heat resisting barriers
between high and low
temperature zones.
Magnesia carbon brick
Fire clay
Mullite
4. Chemical
composition and
types of
refractories.
• In-organic, non-
metallic, porous
material.
Objective of
refractories.
• To manage and control
high temperature
process and stresses.
Uses of refractories.
• Lining in furnaces, jet
and rocket engine
insulation etc.
5. CUPOLA FURNACE
Cupola is the most common
melting units for cast irons.
It is a vertical shaft furnace,
made of steel plates, lined
inside with refractory.
It resembles to blast furnace.
Coke is the common fuel
employed.
7. WELL (molten metal collected in this region)
OXIDIZING ZONE (combustion takes place in this region)
REDUCING ZONE (it ranges from top of the combustion zone
initial coke bed)
MELTING ZONE (pig iron is melted in this region)
PRE HEATING ZONE (pre heat the furnace)
STACK (it clears all the zones )
9. There are following 10 types of linings:
1. STANDARD FIRE BRICK
EXCELENT HEAT STABILITY
EXCELENT COMPRESSION STRENGTH
RESISTANCE TO ACID AS ELLAS
ALKALI
RESISTANCE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE
2. CUPOLA FIRE BRICK
• HIGH STRENGTH
• LIGHT WEIGHT
• LONG LIFE
• ACCURATE DIMENSIONS
10. 3. ULTRA GUN 55
USED AT LOWER TEMPERATURE ZONE
4. ULTRA 1600
USED AT HIGHER TERPERATURE ZONE
5. HYDROMAX
HIGH POROSITY
WEAR RESISTANCE
11. 6. RAM WELL
THEY ARE CHEMICALLY MORE STABLE
7. SURGUN
WHERE ORE START MELTING
12. 8. CRITERION
TO RESIST MECHANICAL FAILIUR
9. FIRECLAY
USED AS BINDER DURING LINING OF CUPOLA WITH BRICKS
10. PATCHING MASSES
USED WHERE THERE IS A CHANCE OF FALIUR OF REFRACTORY
13. Group Members:
Hamza Zahid (MY-042)
Muhammad Saqib (MY-046)
Anas Manzoor (MY-062)
Syed Kumail Haider (MY-063