Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Molecular orbitals
1. Molecular Orbitals An approach to bonding in which orbitals encompass the entire molecule, rather than being localized between atoms. Muhammad Asif Pakistan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35. MO Diagram for O 2 2p 2p 2s 2s σ g σ * u σ g π u π * g σ * u The molecular orbital diagram for oxygen shows two unpaired electrons, consistent with experimental data. Muhammad Asif Pakistan
36.
37. MO Diagram for O 2 2p 2p 2s 2s σ g σ * u σ g π u π * g σ * u The bond order of O 2 is: 8-4 = 2 2 This is consistent with a double bond. Muhammad Asif Pakistan
38. MO Diagram for O 2 2p 2p 2s 2s σ g σ * u σ g π u π * g σ * u This energy level diagram works well for atoms in which the 2s and 2p levels are fairly far apart. These are the elements at the right of the table: O, F and Ne. Muhammad Asif Pakistan
57. The highest occupied molecular orbital of CO is a molecular orbital which puts significant electron density on the carbon atom. Muhammad Asif Pakistan
58. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of CO is the π * orbitals. The lobes of the LUMO are larger on the carbon atom than on the oxygen atom. Muhammad Asif Pakistan
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68. Group Orbitals of Water The 2s and 2p z orbital on oxygen have A 1 symmetry, the 2p x orbital has B 1 symmetry, and the 2p y has B 2 symmetry. Muhammad Asif Pakistan
73. π Bonding of Benzene { z axis C′ 2 C″ 2 Muhammad Asif Pakistan D 6h E 2C 6 2C 3 C 2 3C′ 2 3C″ 2 i 2S 3 2S 6 σ h 3 σ d 3 σ v Г π
74. π Bonding of Benzene { z axis C′ 2 C″ 2 Muhammad Asif Pakistan D 6h E 2C 6 2C 3 C 2 3C′ 2 3C″ 2 i 2S 3 2S 6 σ h 3 σ d 3 σ v Г π 6 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 -6 0 2
75. π Bonding of Benzene { z axis C′ 2 C″ 2 This reduces to: B 2g + E 1g + A 2u + E 2u Muhammad Asif Pakistan D 6h E 2C 6 2C 3 C 2 3C′ 2 3C″ 2 i 2S 3 2S 6 σ h 3 σ d 3 σ v Г π 6 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 -6 0 2
76.
77.
78.
79. π Bonding of Benzene Muhammad Asif Pakistan A 2u E 1g E 2u B 2g
![Molecular Orbitals ,[object Object],[object Object],Muhammad Asif Pakistan](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)