RFID Shopping system uses RFID tags to identify products while providing automated shopping experience. The shopping system also provides integrated data mining techniques to facilitate management with real time data with product sales and inventory tracking. The system consists of smart cart system which is attached to the customer cart. The smart cart system also includes intercom module, which facilitates the customer to talk directly to customer service without having to search for one. All the data processing is provided by the central server system which handles all the carts in the system.
2. RFID SHOPPING SYSTEM
• Team Member
– Aayush Tuladhar (Computer Engineering)
– Otabeck Atajanov (Electrical Engineering)
– Hamad Alajamam (Electrical Engineering)
• Advisor
– Dr. Md Mahbub Hossain
• Committee Member
– Dr. Ratchaneekorn Thamvichai
– Dr. Michael P Glazos
– Dr. Jie Hu Meichsner (Computer Science)
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3. Contents
• Problem Statement
• Project Overview
• RFID - Background
• Design Specification
• System Design
• Data Flow Diagrams
• Xbee Wireless Module
• Server Application
• Inventory Management Application
• Database Servers
• Project Timeline
• Technical Difficulties
• Future Improvements
• Suggestions
• Questions
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4. Problem Statement
• Barcode Technology
– Barcode can only read one item at a time.
– Failure rate in Barcodes are relatively high for self
checkout system.
• Lack of Shopping Experience
– People don’t have to stand in line and wait for
checkout.
– Online Billing System.
• Logistics of Inventory Management
• No Intercom Module Support
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5. Project Overview
• SmartCart System
• RFID Technology
• POS Sales System (Self Checkout)
• Inventory Management Module
• Data Mining Module
• Database Management System
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6. RFID - Background
• RFID uses radio frequency
• Two types of RFID
– Active and Passive
• Passive RFID
– Interrogator (Reader)
RFID Tag
– Passive Tag
– Host Computer
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7. Working of RFID
• Reader generates RF carrier sine waves
• Once tag receives sufficient energy, tags output
transistor shunts the coil corresponding to the
data being clocked out of memory array.
• Reader performed digital data encoding.
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8. Design Specification
Specification Solution
Scanning Item Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Real-time Inventory Management Online Relational Database
Implementation
Multi User Environment Master – Slave System Typography
Star Network Architecture
Central Server System Server Application with multi-threading
implementation
Online User Data access Web Framework (PHP 5.0)
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18. Intercom Module - Working
• Push button is a switch that outputs either HIGH
or LOW
• Microcontroller is used to sense output of Push
Button. Depending on this output,
microcontroller send signal to the gate of NMOS
switch. NMOS switches are used to turn on and
off particular module.
• In order to eliminate white noise while signals are
not in transmission, squelch circuit is
implemented to mute the receiver.
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20. Intercom Module – PCB Layout
Printed Circuit Layout of Intercom Experimental Breadboard
Module Communication Setup
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21. Level 0 – Data Flow Diagram
Centralized Server
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22. Central Server – Schematic Diagram
and PCB Layout
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23. Xbee Wireless Module
• Radio Modules by Digi International
(Minnetonka, MN)
• Point to Multipoint (PTM) Network
Topology being used in RFID Shopping
System.
• IEEE 802.15.4 protocol
• Transparent Data Mode and API Mode
– Transparent Data Mode : Data coming to
DIN gets directly transmitted to intended
receiving radios without any
modification.
– API Mode : Commands are used to
control and data is wrapped in a packet
that allows for addressing, parameter
setting and packet delivery feedback.
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24. Server Application
• Client-Server System
• Carts act as Client and
centralized server as
Server.
• Communication
Protocol at Transport
Level using Protocol
Data Unit (PDU)
• XOR Checksum
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25. Server Application – Communication
Protocol
• In Cart System, Physical Layer Information encapsulated by
adding Control PDU and Checksum on the data bits, hence
creating Frame
• Frame is transferred using XBEE 802.15.4 protocol to the
Server for processing, creating a thread on the server
application.
• When the data reaches the server application, it removes
the PDU header, performs the data integrity using
checksum algorithm and performs the desired function on
the system.
• Server application performs the specified operation defined
on the control header.
• It returns acknowledgement bit to the Cart System.
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26. Inventory Management Application
• Developed using WinForms
(.NET Platform)
• Bad News : Doesn’t Work in
Linux / Mac OS
• Alternatives though Mono
• Written in C# with .NET
Modules
• MDI Form Interface
• Integrated with Crystal
Reports
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30. Database Server
• Mysql 5.0.7-dev - 091210 Revision: 304625
• MySQL is a relational database
management system (RDBMS) that runs as
a server providing multi-user access to a
number of databases.
• SQL => Standard Query Language
• Chive :Web-based MySQL Administration
was used to test the query time.
• Apache HTTPS :Server provided by Apache
Software Foundation
• Stored Procedures were used to make the
system efficient by minimizing the request
time.
• Why MYSQL ?
– Relational Database
– Free !! (Not like in Free Beer / Free as in
Freedom)
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33. Technical Difficulties
• Reading Tags
• Working with many systems
• NMOS switching and heat
• Controlling intercom
• Quality factor and peaking
• Set up correct communication between
systems
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34. Future
• List Generation and Providing Guided
Shopping
• Smart Shelves
• On screen advertising with isle location
tracking system
• Screen advancements
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35. Suggestions
• Do lots of research
• Log Book
• Software Version Control (SVN,GIT)
• “If anything can go wrong, it will”
– Murphy’s Law
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36. References
• http://jlwylie.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/quest
ions.gif
• http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/what-
is-mysql.html
• http://www.techsoup.org/learningcenter/networ
ks/page4819.cfm
• http://www.apache.org/
• http://www.chive-project.com/
• http://www.crazyabouttv.com
• GNU GPL v3.0
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Analyzing the Current Market, we thought to bring changes in the way how people shop, we need to modify our existing shopping system. With our current shopping system, we found these factors to be crucial problem statement in our present shopping system in the market.
Shopping has been a global phenomenon. With increasing human needs moredepartmental stores and competition between them is increasing in the global market. Minordetails are also taken into consideration while providing best shopping experience to thecustomers. Huge investments in terms of assets and manpower have been made in order tomanage the entire shopping system. But the technology that drives the shopping system is stillprimitive; where a customer has to take products to cashier in order to check out. There is alwaysan intermediate factor between the customer and the company. People still have to stand in longqueue for their turn for checkout and customers have to call sales associate to get moreinformation about the product. Addressing the need of more reliable system, we come up withidea of “RFID Shopping System” which uses Radio Frequency Identification which would beable to perform a self checkout shopping experience without any need of any human assistance,hence increasing customer shopping experience satisfaction.Besides this Inventory management also plays a very crucial role in success of businessorganization. The way they manage the flow of products from manufacturers to customers isvery important and the system helps to track down the mobility of the popular goods. If theproduct shortage occurs, customer will immediately turn to other supplier and hence miss apotential sales opportunity. With the help of data mining technology we can analyze the salespattern of customers, which will help as main basis for sales analysis and warehouse control.Hence our main objective form this shopping system would be to read tags from theproducts, provide detailed information about the product to the user, assist customer on completeself checkout system, and provide complete web interface. Nevertheless the shopping systemalso supports the management by providing logistical data about product inventory, sales flowand other information, which gives scope on data mining on customer shopping experience.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems use radio frequency to identify, locate and track people, assets, and animals. Passive RFID systems are composed of three components – an interrogator (reader), a passive tag, and a host computer. The tag is composed of an antenna coil and a silicon chip that includes basic modulation circuitry and non-volatile memory. The tag is energized by a time-varying electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) wave that is transmitted by the reader. This RF signal is called a carrier signal. When the RF field passes through an antenna coil, there is an AC voltage generated across the coil. This voltage is rectified to supply power to the tag. The information stored in the tag is transmitted back to the reader. This is often called backscattering. By detecting the backscattering signal, the information stored in the tag can be fully identified.
While reading for the RFID tags, the reader continuously generates a RF carrier sine wave, watching always for modulation to occur. Detected modulation of the field would indicate the presence of a tag. Once the tag has received sufficient energy to operate correctly, it divides down the carrier and begins clocking its data to an output transistor, which is normally connected across the coil inputs. The tag's output transistor shunts the coil, sequentially corresponding to the data which is being clocked out of the memory array. The shunting of coil causes momentary fluctuation of the carrier wave, which is seen as a slight change in amplitude of the carrier. Hence the reader detects the amplitude modulated data and processes the resulting bit stream according to the encoding and data modulation methods uses.
Data Flow Diagram
Speaker - Aayush
A server machine is a host that is running one or more server programs which share their resources with clients. A client does not share any of its resources, but requests a server's content or service function. Clients therefore initiate communication sessions with servers which await incoming requests.Client Server Model of Computing is a distributed application that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service called server, and service requesters called clients.