Pathologic conditions affecting developmental disturbances and anomalies
1.
2. Color
Color is determined by translucency and thickness of the
enamel and by thickness and color of the underlying
dentin
Discoloration may result from developmental
disturbances whereby the normal pattern of enamel
prisms and dental tubules is disturbed.
3. Discoloration due to Developmental Disturbances
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Brown hereditary teeth
Dental fluorosis or mottling
4. Discoloration from intrinsic pigments
Pigments arising from hemolysis or associated with
jaundice
o May be considerably green, yellow-brown, or black.
Tooth Non-vitality
o May be Gray, yellow-brown, or orange-yellow
Internal Resorption
o May be Pink or black
5. Discoloration from medicaments during
Endodontic therapy
Staining
From permeation of medicaments into dentinal
tubules during sterilization of cavity prep
Metallic staining
From ingestion or inhalation of metals or their salts
Tobacco use
Most frequent cause of staining
10. Hereditary disturbances of form:
Enamel hypoplasia
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentin dysplasia
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Extrinsic or environmental alterations
responsible for variations after teeth have
fully formed are manifested as erosion,
abrasion, caries or extensive attrition
11.
12. - refers to the hypoplasia and hypomaturation
of the enamel.
- result of any disturbance in the formation of
enamel matrix.
13. Hypomaturation- occurs from incomplete
crystallization of the enamel.
Hypocalcification- result from any
disturbance that interferes with the
normal deposition of calcium.
14.
15. Local - Periapical inflamation, Truma,
Surgical procedure.
Systemic - Nutritional deficiencies, endocrine
disturbances, and other systemic
disease.
Hereditary disease – various hereditary
defects of the enamel are seen, such as
amelogenisis imperfecta, brown teeth,
and other hypoplasia of enamel.
16. Appears as a localized alteration of one or
several or may involve all the teeth.
Consist of the absence of enamel and dentin or
of enamel only.
17.
18. Depends on the stage of amelogenisis.
Central incisors show well defined horizontal
lines of pits and grooves.
Single or multiple chalky white opaque spots
may be present on the teeth.
- opaque may also be caused by faulty
matrix apposition which changes the
index of refraction
19. Hypocalcified Decalcified
White and opaque
Glazed
Smooth
White and opaque
Granular
Rough
Soft surface
20. Resulting from consumption of water containing an
excess of flourine.
Maybe mild to severe in character.
21.
22. Cloudy opaque areas of yellow or brown
areas if extrinsic material has pigmented the
areas.
23. Results from hypoplasia of the central
developmental lobe with a collapse of the
lateral developmental lobe.
Screw driver shape appearance.
24.
25. Examiner attributes notching of the incisors teeth
of central developmental lobe rather than loss of
tooth structure from trauma.
26. Mulberry molars are also sugestive of
congenital syphilis. They are characterized
by normal buccal and lingual surfaces but
have occlusal surfaces analogous to a
mulberry.
Localized defects of the occlusal surface of
the molar teeth have at times been
incorrectly diagnosed as mulberry molars
27.
28. Amelogenesis imperfecta in which the enamel
is apparently of normal thickness and surface
consistency is hereditary brown teeth.
In this condition it is not hard as normal and
tends to chip on the Incisal and occlusal
surfaces.
Extension of brown color throughout the
enamel and involvement of all the teeth.
32. Clinically manifested by:
- wandering teeth
- malposed teeth
Radiographically
- absence of pulp canals
- decreased density of dentin
- short narrow roots
- radiolucent apical area
33.
34. Refers to the increase in the normal number
of teeth present in dentition.
Supernumerary teeth may interfere with
normal eruption.
Can be seen radiograhically in person with
cleidocranial dysostosis.
35. In addition to the dental defect, defective
ossification of the clavicles and bones of the
skull can be noted.
36.
37. Result from a chemical process, and the
defects are usually limited to the labial and
buccal surfaces of teeth.
Vary in shape from suacerlike depression to
deep wedge-like groves
38.
39. May occur anywhere on the enamel surface
or the cervical area of root
Mechanical wearing of the tooth structure by
physical agents such as toothbrushes,
abrasive powders, hairpins, nails, clay
pipestems, glass, toothpick, dental tape,
sand, and thread.
40.
41. Involves both the crown and the roots.
Root fractures require radiographic
evaluation.
42. Two factors that must be determined in
evaluation of fractered tooth:
1. Fracture involves the pulp
2. Pulp has been secondarily involved by
injury at the apex.