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Health and illness
1.
2. Health : health is an ideal state of physical
and mental well being ,something to
strive for but never to attain .
ďGood health is a prerequisite of human
productive and developmental process.
3. ď˝ Illness : An illness is the response ,the
person has to disease .
ď˝ It is an abnormal process in which the
persons level of functioning is changed
compared with a previous level.
4. ď˝ In 1948 the world health organization (WHO)defines
health as,
âA state of complete physical,
mental, social, spiritual wellbeing
and not merely absence of disease or
infirmityâ
5. ď˝ â Dynamic state in which the
individual adapts to changes in
internal and external environments to
maintain a state of well being â
(Potter and Perry- 2014)
6. ď˝ âHealth as a state of being well and
using every power the individual
possesses to the fullest extentâ
(Nightingale ,1960/1969)
7. ď˝ Health is evolved over the centuries as a concept
from individual concern to world wide social goal
and encompasses the whole quality of life.
Changing concept of health till now are,
ď Biomedical concept
ď Ecological concept
ď Psychosocial concept
ď Holistic concept
8.
9. ď˝ Traditionally, health has been viewed as an âabsence
of diseaseâ, and if one was free from disease, then the
person was considered healthy.
ď˝ The medical profession viewed the human body as a
machine, disease as a consequence of the breakdown
of the machine and one of the doctorâs task as repair
of the machine.
10.
11. ď˝ Form ecological point of view; health is viewed as a
dynamic equilibrium between human being and
environment, and disease a maladjustment of the
human organism to environment.
ď˝ According to Dubos âHealth implies the relative
absence of pain and discomfort and a continuous
adaptation and adjustment to the environment to
ensure optimal function.â
ď˝ The ecological concept raises two issues, viz.
imperfect man and imperfect environment.
12. ď˝ According to psychosocial concept ,
âhealth is not only biomedical
phenomenon, but is influenced by social,
psychological, cultural, economic and
political factors of the people concerned.â
13.
14. ď˝ This concept is the synthesis all the above concepts.
ď˝ It recognizes the strength of social, economic ,
political and environmental influences on health.
ď˝ It described health as a unified or multidimensional
process involving the wellbeing of whole person in
context of his environment .
15. ď˝ Persons physical ,emotional, intellectual , social,
developmental or spiritual functioning is diminished.
ď˝ Illness is highly subjective ; only the individual person
can say he or she is ill.
17. ď˝ Disease can be described as an alternation in body
functions resulting in reduction of capacities or a
shortening of the normal life span.
ď˝ The causation of the disease called Etiology.
18. ď˝ State of wellbeing.
âWell being is a subjective perception of vitality and
feeling wellâŚ..can be described objectively,
experienced, and measured âŚ..and can be plotted on a
continuumâ
(Hood and Leddy,2003)