1. AL-Azhar University
Faculty of Engineering - Communication Dep.
SMART HOME USING
EMBEDDED WEB
Supervised By:
Dr. Ahmed Yahya
Team Members:
Ahmed Hamdy Ammar
Anwar Abdel Kader
Blal Saleh Sadek
Mohamed abdel Hameed
Omar Lotfi el Tayifa

2. Chapters:
1. INTRODUCTION
2.
PROJECT MAIN BLOCK DIAGRAMS
3. COMPONENTS AND COST ANALYSIS
4. DESIGN APPROACH AND DETAILS
5. SCHEDULE, AND TASKS
6. CONCLUSION
7. REFERENCES
8. COMMENTS
9.
APPENDICES

3. 1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preface
A “smart home” is living environment embedded with a networked
collection of hardware devices and software components to provide
services that enhance autonomy and the quality of life for its
inhabitants. Computer controlled sensors allow the home read
information about people, objects, or conditions in the smart home
environment, and computer controlled actuators allow the smart home
to manipulate objects and appliances in the environment. General
functions provided by the smart home include safety, security, and
health monitoring; notification of emergencies, memory aids, and task
assistance.
1.2 What Is A Smart Home?
A Smart Home is a popular term for a whole-house automation system
involving the integration of Entertainment Centers, Lighting and Climate
Control, and a Security System into one cohesive control system for the
home. This level of integration enables the most complete response to
any event in the home. For example, the push of a button labeled
“party”, could set the interior/exterior lighting to the desired levels,
lower the temperature set point by a couple degrees, launch the desired
party playlist on the multi-room audio system, and disable the security
alarm system. This level of capability has been built into our home
resulting in what we believe to be the only true “Smart Home” in
Cypress Ridge.
1.3 Abstract
The exponential growth of networking technology as well as
microprocessors’ advancement drove to the development of new
protocols ideally for applications such as home automation, industrial
control, health monitoring etc. Moreover, with the rapid expansion of
the Internet, there is the potential for the remote control and
monitoring of such network enabled devices. However, the new and

4. exciting opportunities to increase the connectivity of devices within the
home for the purpose of home automation remain largely unexploited.
1.4 Installed Features
One consistent user interface to control entertainment, lighting,
and security
Automatic shut off of light in idle state
Secured remote Internet access to monitor and control all nonentertainment functions
Open doors or windows automatically turn off the thermostat,
turned on only when all doors/windows are closed
Family room lighting adjusted after sunset when TV turned on
Custom heating/cooling cycles setup and altered through user
interface
Away mode on-screen button activates the security and
surveillance systems
Away mode response to zone intrusion or motion detection
includes sending SMS to homeowner and flashing all lights in
addition to local siren and dial out options
1.5 Proposed Work
The focus of our project is on making the life more comfortable with a
minimum cost of implementing such a system, for example the objective
of design is to reduce the system’s complexity and lower fiscal costs.
Hence, the system endeavors not to incorporate complex and expensive
components
1.6 Evaluation
Quantitative results will compare our work with previous work and will
highlight how our application works better. Some key factors for the
evaluation will include performance, reduction of cost, ease of use, and
how the product makes the lives of people easier and better.
Maintaining and enhancing the quality of life for both older people and
people with disabilities involves making independent living as easy as
possible.

5. 2.
PROJECT MAIN BLOCK DIAGRAMS
2.1 Embedded web server Module
As mentioned above the project will use the Ethernet so it has to
understand the TCP/IP stack to function what needed from its protocols.
The hardware that is used in that part:
RJ45: all of us know it .it’s an ether net jack and it need to be interfaced
with a small circuit that handle the deferential modulation of the ether
net transmitting, for that we used a ready RJ45 module that has a build
in differentiation handler circuit,this RJ45 is called BEL 0810-1xx1-03 that
also has two LEDs both can be use to show the status of the network .
ENC28J60 : Ether net controller that gets the frames from the Ether net
and send it via an SPI interface to the responsible hardware this
controller can be programmed via a SPI interface by giving it the MAC
and IP addresses . this controller needs an 25 MHz crystal to operate and
it gives an connection of 10 Mbps connection .but there is a problem
with the ENC that is the working voltage it works on 3.3V so its outputs
have to be shifted to be 0 or 1 for that we use the 74LC125 try stat

6. buffer to make shifting for the outputs to be exactly 5 volts also to
cobble the serial eeprom from the ENC so the ENC can send data and the
SEEPROM will ever harm the output and also the ENC cant affect the
SEEPROM ,why? This will be shown later.
PIC16F877A: powerful controller with (code memory) 64k Flash, 4k ram,
1k eeprom at 5 volts power supply these capabilities serve the ability of
processing the TCP/IP stack and also it has 5 I/O ports 12bit ADC with 7
channels we used that controller with a 16Mhz crystal.
This IC works on 25 MHz with two power supplies one is the usual one
the other on is used as an temporary source when the first supplier is
disconnected this IC store the date as a BCD data inside it so when
writing or reading to/from it we have to convert the data from BCD to
know how to deal with it.
2.2 Wireless connectivity
ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) is a new global standard for wireless
communications providing short-range cost effective networking
capabilities that are suitable for applications in the industrial and home
automation markets. Such applications require multi-month to multiyear battery life, lower data rates and less complexity than available
from existing wireless standards.
While there are many technologies and standards previously used in
other projects/products, Zigbee is the cutting–edge technology for
wireless sensing for at least for the next 10 years. It is the ideal standard
to be used for Wireless Home Automation for its power-saving and
simplicity characteristics.

7. 2.3 Sensor Network
Throughout this project, we have been establishing a Home Automation
System using a RF Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The system has a
centralized architecture: Locally, a centralized controller receives
information from multiple sensors and, once processed generates the
opportune orders for the actuators. User control and monitoring system
is established through a web interface that exchanges information with
the local controller using the appropriate protocols.

8. 2.4 Access Control
The Smart Home system have an access control system that will provide
ID-based entry into the home and trigger the activation of a usermatched lighting and mode scheme, This system will use a password
authentication mechanism to communicate with a microcontroller that
will release an electric door strike for access and turn on a set of lights
and mode corresponding to the pre-determined path of the user.

9. 3.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 Components
Qty.
4
2
Type
PIC16F877A
4X4 Keypad
1
ENC24J60
2
1
1
1
4MHz Crystal
oscillator
40MHz Crystal
oscillator
32KHz Crystal
oscillator
2X16 LCD Display
LMB162A
1
4X16 LCD Display
1
3
1
4
LM35DZ
LM7805
Stepper Motor
Relay
Variety of
resistors
Variety of
capacitors
Soldering Boards
Description
See page ..
Input data to system
Convert serial data to Ethernet
data & vice versa
Price in L.E
4 x 22
2 x 25
Clock generator for PIC
2x3
Clock generator for ENC
5
Clock generator for LM35DZ
3
Display password as *
25
Display events and available
control functions
Analog Temperature Sensor
Voltage regulator to 5V
See page...
-
8
3 x 2.5
35
4x5
-
-
-
-
-
3
93
3.2 Cost analysis
The prototype consists of an access module, sensors and Ethernet
module. The parts for the prototype will total … L.E as shown in Table.
The total cost for having a Smart Home product installed in a typical 3
unit home with one main Ethernet embedded server averages to.. L.E.
That price includes: parts, transportation, installation, and any services
that are needed during the life of the product.

10. 4.
DESIGN APPROACH AND DETAILS
4.1 access control
Access Control System is designed for areas where need for security is
crucial. It protects human life, property and information and provides
safe and comfortable environment by limiting unnecessary access to
essential areas such as office, building, and factory.
The use of access control is becoming very popular because it can
remove the manual aspect of entry involved with keys while also
increasing security due to unique identification. Using access control for
entrance into a building will not only increase convenience, but also
allow for tracking of who has entered the building premises at a given
time. This will increase home security and thus the safety of the
occupants.
4.1.1 Circuit diagram:

11. 4.1.2 Circuit Operation
“Easy to install, Convenient to use”
When the user hit any key on the keypad , it trigger the microcontroller
that a value is being inserted ,and a “*” mark appears on the LCD display
,after the user complete the five digit password the microcontroller
process the password into algorithm ,the make a comparison with a predefined value, then make an action on the output port.
If the inserted pass word is wrong no action is being occurred unless the
LCD is typing “access denied”, if repeated more than 3 times an intruder
alarm become on.
4.1.3 Program Flow Chart

12. 4.1.4 Source Code
The code is written in picbasic language
DEVICE=16F877A
XTAL=4
DECLARE LCD_TYPE 0
‘these lines define
LCD on MCU
DECLARE LCD_DTPIN portC.4
DECLARE LCD_RSPIN PORTC.3
DECLARE LCD_ENPIN PORTC.2
DECLARE KEYPAD_PORT PORTD
‘define keypad port
DEFINE KEYPAD_BUTTONS 16
‘define keypad size
DIM VAR1, VAR2, KEY as BYTE
DIM A ,B,C,D,E, X
DIM SerData
ALL_DIGITAL = True
TRISC=0
‘port c is output
MAIN:
A=0
X=1
CLS
PRINT "ENTER PASS:"
LOOP:
‘this loop to scan the
keypad
VAR1 = INKEY
DELAYMS 50
IF VAR1<16 THEN
KEY = LOOKUP VAR1,
[20,7,4,1,1,4,7,11,2,5,8,0,3,6,9,12,25]
PRINT AT 1, X+11,"*"
X=X+1
IF KEY=3 THEN A=3+X
IF KEY=4 THEN B=4+X
IF KEY=5 THEN C=5+X
IF KEY=6 THEN D=6+X
IF KEY=7 THEN E=7+X
IF X=6 THEN
GOSUB CHECK
DELAYMS 500
GOTO MAIN
ENDIF
ENDIF
GOTO LOOP
CHECK:
‘this subprogram to compare
the
‘Password and make an
action
DELAYMS 250

13. CLS
IF A*B*C*D*E=45045 THEN
HIGH PORTA.1
PRINT "ACCESS GUARANTEED"
ELSE
PRINT "ACCESS DENIED"
ENDIF
RETURN
END
4.1.5 Power Requirements
Source: 5V DC Voltage, 25 mA max input current
4.1.6 Environmental Requirements
Temperature Range: 0° to +85° C

14. 4.2 Main control interface
It is very crucial to have interfaces that are convenient for inhabitants to
use so they can easily interact with the smart home system. Three such
interfaces are the web, and a visual LCD style programming
environment.
4.2.1 Circuit diagram:
4.2.2 Circuit Operation
The Circuit is receiving information about events occurred in home and
being read by sensors, adapting modes based on time read from the
DS1307 I2C clock, it also permit the user to control home elements
through the Keypad/LCD interface.

15. 4.2.3 DS1307 I2C Clock
The DS1307 serial real-time clock (RTC) is a low power, full binary-coded
decimal (BCD) clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM. Address and
data are transferred serially through an I2C, bidirectional bus.
The clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month,
and year information. The end of the month date is automatically
adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for
leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12- hour format
with AM/PM indicator. The DS1307 has a built-in power-sense circuit
that detects power failures and automatically switches to the backup
supply.
Timekeeping operation continues while the part operates from the
backup supply.
FEATURES
- Real-Time Clock (RTC) Counts Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Date of
the Month, Month, Day of the week, and Year with Leap-Year
Compensation Valid Up to 2100
- 56-Byte, Battery-Backed, General-Purpose RAM with Unlimited
Writes
- I2C Serial Interface
- Programmable Square-Wave Output Signal
- Automatic Power-Fail Detect and Switch Circuitry
- Consumes Less than 500nA in Battery-Backup Mode with
Oscillator Running

16. 4.2.4 Program Flow Chart
4.2.5 Source Code
DEVICE=16F877A
XTAL=4
DECLARE LCD_TYPE 0
DECLARE LCD_DTPIN PORTB.4
DECLARE LCD_RSPIN PORTB.3
DECLARE LCD_ENPIN PORTB.2
DECLARE LCD_LINES 4
DECLARE SDA_PIN PORTa.0
DECLARE SCL_PIN PORTa.1
DIM SEC as byte
DIM MN as byte
‘define LCD on MCU
‘define serial I2C
‘ports
‘seconds variable
‘minutes variable

17. DIM HR as byte
‘hour variable
DIM WKDY as byte
‘week variable
DIM DAY as byte
DIM MON as byte
DIM YR as byte
DIM SerData
TRISB=0
TRISA=0
ALL_DIGITAL = True
CLS
PRINT $FE, $0F
'Blinking cursor on
write_clock:
MN=4
‘numbers in BCD
HR=6
WKDY=2
DAY=5
MON=7
YR=9
BSTART
BUSOUT $D0
BUSOUT 0
BUSOUT $80
BUSOUT MN
BUSOUT HR
BUSOUT WKDY
BUSOUT DAY
BUSOUT MON
BUSOUT YR
BSTOP
BSTART
BUSOUT $d0
BUSOUT 0
BUSOUT 0
BSTOP
read_clock:
SEC=BUSIN $D1,0
‘number in BCD
MN=BUSIN $D1,1
HR=BUSIN $D1,2
WKDY=BUSIN $D1,3
DAY=BUSIN $D1,4
MON=BSUIN $D1,5
YR=BUSIN $D1,6
FOR X=1 TO 255
VAR1 = INKEY
DELAYMS 50
IF VAR1<16 THEN
KEY = LOOKUP VAR1,
[20,7,4,1,1,4,7,11,2,5,8,0,3,6,9,12,25]
PRINT AT 1, 1, "1=LIGHT"
PRINT AT 1, 7, "2=FAN"
PRINT AT 2, 1, "3=ALARM"

18. PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
AT
AT
AT
AT
2,
3,
3,
4,
7,
1,
7,
1,
IF KEY=1 THEN
SerData=%0001
SEROUT PORTA.0
ENDIF
IF KEY=2 THEN
SerData=%0010
SEROUT PORTA.0
ENDIF
IF KEY=3 THEN
SerData=%0011
SEROUT PORTA.0
ENDIF
IF KEY=4 THEN
SerData=%0100
SEROUT PORTA.0
ENDIF
IF KEY=5 THEN
SerData=%0101
SEROUT PORTA.0
ENDIF
IF KEY=6 THEN
PRINT AT 1,1,@
ENDIF
IF KEY=7 THEN
SerData=%0111
SEROUT PORTA.0
ENDIF
"4=DOOR"
"5=ELEC"
"6=INFO"
"7=RESET ALL"
, 24660 , [SerData]
, 24660 , [SerData]
, 24660 , [SerData]
, 24660 , [SerData]
, 24660 , [SerData]
hr,":", @ mn,":" ,@ sec]
, 24660 , [SerData]
ENDIF
NEXT
STOP
END
4.3 Applications
4.3.1 Thermometer using A/D converter
In this application thermometer is designed. The application can be used
to display the temperature in degrees centigrade
4.3.1.1 Circuit Diagram
(Note: This diagram was before merging with the Application circuit)

19. 4.3.1.2 Circuit Operation
In this project a PIC16F77-type microcontroller is used. This is a 40-pin
microcontroller with built-in 8 channel A/D converters, each having 10bits of resolution. The microcontroller is operated from a 4 MHz
resonator.
The temperature sensor used is the LM35DZ 3-pin analog sensor with a
range of 0°C to 100°C. LM35DZ provides an analog output voltage which
is proportional to the measured temperature.
LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors:

20. The device has 3 pins: Vs, Gnd, and Vo. Vs and Gnd are connected to the
supply voltage and the ground, respectively. It is recommended by the
manufacturers to use a 10_ resistor and a 1_F capacitor filter at the
output of the sensor to minimize electrical noise. Vo is the analog output
voltage given by Vo 10 mV/°C For example, at a temperature of 20°C the
output voltage is 200mV. In this project LM35DZ is connected to analog
input AN0 of the PIC16F77 microcontroller.
- Supply Voltage +35V to −0.2V
- Output Voltage +6V to −1.0V
- Output Current 10 mA
4.3.1.3 Software
At the beginning of the program LCD connections and the A/D
parameters are defined. Variable Res stores the converted data. A/D
conversion is started using the ADCIN statement. When the conversion
is complete, the converted data is available in register Res. The contents
of Res can be converted into mille volts by multiplying it by 4.93. But,
since the output of the sensor is 10 mV/°C, it will be necessary to divide
Res by 10 in order to find the real absolute temperature in degrees
centigrade.
Thus, the temperature can be obtained by the following operation:
Res * 4.93/10 = Res * 0.493 = 0.5 * Res
In the program, variable Res is multiplied by 2 to obtain the temperature
with a 1°C accuracy (the resolution of the A/D converter is 19.53mV
which is equivalent to nearly 2°C). The value of Res is then displayed on
the LCD as a two-digit decimal number. The above process is repeated
after one-second delay.
For more accurate temperature measurements an A/D converter with a
higher resolution will be required, e.g. 10-bit or higher.
4.3.1.4 Program Flow Chart

21. 4.3.1.5 Source Code
Device = 16f877A
XTAL = 4
DECLARE ADIN_RES 10
DECLARE ADIN_TAD FRC
DEFINE ADC_SAMPLEUS 50
DIM VAR1 as WORD
DIM Temp1 as Byte
TRISA = 1
Delayms 500
ALL_DIGITAL = False
select AN0
ADCON1 = %10000000
MAIN:
‘10-bit result required
‘RC OSC chosen
‘Allow 50us sample time
‘RA0 (AN0) is input
‘A/D clock is internal RC,
‘Turn on A/D converter
‘Set analogue input on PORTA.0

22. VAR1 = ADIN 0
‘Place the conversion into
variable VAR1
Temp1 = (VAR1-2) / 2
‘convert to C
CLS
Print at 1, 1,"Temp= ", DEC Temp1," C"
Delayms 1000
GOTO MAIN
END
5.
WORK PLAN & SCHEDULE
Time Frame
Work Load
October 2009 – December 2009
Research
January 2010
Survey for parts
February 2010
June 2010 – August 2010
Start building device
Continue building device and
writing application to interact with
device
Testing and implementation
August 2010
Present Project
March 2010 – August 2010

23. 6.
CONCLUSION
Smart home technology can be extended onto applications such as
security systems, entertainment systems, and the healthcare industry.
The biggest asset to smart home technology is its ability to react in real
time in ways that humans cannot. With the advent of cheap
microcontrollers and the growing need for home interconnectivity,
smart homes are no longer a goal for the future but rather a standard
for new home builders and current home owners to consider. Smart
home technology provides a safe, secure living space that is more energy
efficient, autonomous, and flexible.

24. 7.
REFERENCES
TCP/IP Lean - Web Servers for Embedded Systems, Second Edition
- Jeremy Bentham
PIC16F877A Data Sheet
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/39582b.pdf
Discussion forum www.edaboard.com
8.
COMMENTS
Comments from the grader will be inserted here